Recent advances in semiconductor technology have made it possible to fabricate microcavity structures in which both photon fields and electron-hole pairs (or excitons) are confined in a small volume comparable to their wavelength. The radiative properties of the electron-hole pairs and excitons are modified owing to the drastic change in the structure of the electromagnetic-field modes. This book is the first to give a comprehensive account of the theory of semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics for such systems in the weak-coupling and strong-coupling regimes. The important concepts are presented, together with relevant, recent experimental results.

Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology: Innovations in Big Data Processing provides an interdisciplinary look at state-of-the-art innovations in biomedical signal processing, especially as it applies to large data sets and machine learning. Chapters are presented with detailed mathematics and complete implementation specifics so that readers can completely master these techniques. The book presents tutorials and examples of successful applications and will appeal to a wide range of professionals, researchers, and students interested in applications of signal processing, medicine, and biology at the intersection between healthcare, engineering, and computer science.

This book is a collection of papers presented at the International Workshop on New Approaches for Multidimensional Signal Processing (NAMSP 2022), held at Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, during 23-25 June 2022. The book covers research papers in the field of N-dimensional multicomponent image processing, multidimensional image representation and super-resolution, 3D image processing and reconstruction, MD computer vision systems, multidimensional multimedia systems, neural networks for MD image processing, data-based MD image retrieval and knowledge data mining, watermarking, hiding and encryption of MD images, MD image processing in robot systems, tensor-based data processing, 3D and multi-view visualization, forensic analysis systems for MD images and many more.

1.1 Digital Optics as a Subject Improvement of the quality of optical devices has always been the central task of experimental optics. In modern terms, improvements in sensitivity and resolution have equated higher quality with greater informational throughput. For most of today's applications, optics and electronics have, in essence, solved the problem of generating high quality pictures with great informational ca pacity. Effective use of the enormous amount of information contained in the images necessitates processing pictures, holograms, and interferograms. The manner in which information might be extracted from optical entities has be come a topic of current interest. The informational aspects of optical signals and systems might serve as a basis for attacking this question by making use of information theory and signal communication theory, and by enlisting modern tools and methods for data processing (the most important and powerful of which are those of digi tal computation). Exploiting modern advances in electronics has allowed new wavelength ranges and new kinds of radiation to be used in optics. Comput ers have extended our knowledge of the informational essence of radiation. Thus, computerized optical devices enhance not only the optical capabilities of sight, but also its analytical capabilities as well, thus opening qualitatively new horizons to all the areas in which optical devices have found application."

This book consists of selected peer-reviewed articles from the International Conference on Computer Vision, High Performance Computing, Smart Devices and Networks (CHSN-2020), held at JNTU, Kakinada, India. The theme and areas of the conference include vast scope for latest concepts and trends in communication engineering, information theory and networks, signal, image and speech processing, wireless and mobile communication, Internet of Things, and cybersecurity for societal causes and humanitarian applications.

This book presents the latest advances in remote-sensing and geographic information systems and applications. It is divided into four parts, focusing on Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Optical Measurements of Forests; Individual Tree Modelling; Landscape Scene Modelling; and Forest Eco-system Modelling. Given the scope of its coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for students, researchers, practitioners, and educators interested in remote sensing and geographic information systems and applications.

This book is focused on the challenges of digital transition in building construction, and potential solutions through the use of multi-criteria analysis. It provides clear explanations of proposed approaches from both a theoretical and practical point of view, including augmented reality and user-reporting. New Approaches for Multi-Criteria Analysis in Constructions begins by explaining classic multi-criteria analysis methods, such as Analytic Hierarchy Processes and the Simos-Roy-Figueira method, before moving on to discuss Augmented Reality - Decision Making. This new approach provides a tool to investigate user's perceptions, and utilises an interactive experience of the real-world environment combined with classic methods to provide a large amount of visual information. Finally, a detailed guide to user-reporting is presented. Offering new possibilities for applying multi-criteria analysis in a simpler, faster and more accessible way, this book supports analysis which considers users experience and perception. Architects, engineers, researchers and practitioners will be able to utilise augmented reality environments, multi-criteria analysis and user reporting for the building design choices, supply selection, maintenance strategies, risk and complex performance assessment.

This book reports the latest results in the study of clutter suppression and signal processing techniques and focuses on the analysis of non-stationary characteristics of bistatic SAR clutter, DPCA-based clutter suppression method, optimization-based clutter suppression method, sparse recovery-based clutter suppression method, experimental verification and many other aspects, i.e., including the research results of realization technology and experimental verification. Bistatic SAR clutter suppression is the prerequisite and key technique for realizing the detection of moving targets on the ground/sea surface. It is also the frontier and difficult issue of international research in the field of radar. Researchers, engineers and graduate students in radar signal processing can benefit from this book, who wish to learn the core theories, methods and applications of bistatic SAR technologies.

This book describes the basic functions of the European Digital Radio DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) with its direct possible applications in a simple way. The book refers to fundamentals of DABs 80+ norms and specifications. Presented subjects are indicating problems of DAB signal propagation and possible multimedia applications. The book provides about 130 figures for explaining new concepts in an easy to approach manner. Applications include, but are not limited to audio compression MPEG, OFDM, SFN phasor representation, multiplexes, MOT, and conditional access. The book is intended for those interested in decisions regarding radio at various levels, owners of radio stations, and designers of various multimedia applications of digital radio in the field of security, students of wireless systems, etc. * Presents the fundamental functions of DAB / DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting) along with its applications * Outlines the European Digital Radio system * Explains the functions of worldwide emerging digital radio subsystems

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the AMOLED technologies and applications which have become industry standard in a range of devices, from small mobile displays to large televisions. Unlike other books on the topic, which cover the fundamentals, materials, processing, and manufacturing of OLEDs, this one-stop book discusses the core components, such as TFT backplanes, OLED materials and devices, and driving schematics together in one volume with chapters written by experts from leading international companies in the field of OLED materials and OLED TVs. It also examines emerging areas, such as micro-LEDs, displays using quantum dots, and AR & VR displays. Presenting the latest research trends as well as the basic principles of each topic, this book is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking display-related courses, new researchers, and engineers in related fields.

This contributed volume showcases the most significant results obtained from the DFG Priority Program on Compressed Sensing in Information Processing. Topics considered revolve around timely aspects of compressed sensing with a special focus on applications, including compressed sensing-like approaches to deep learning; bilinear compressed sensing - efficiency, structure, and robustness; structured compressive sensing via neural network learning; compressed sensing for massive MIMO; and security of future communication and compressive sensing.

This book explores the possibility of using azimuthal Walsh filters as an effective tool for manipulating far-field diffraction characteristics near the focal plane of rotationally symmetric imaging systems. It discusses the generation and synthesis of azimuthal Walsh filters, and explores the inherent self-similarity presented in various orders of these filters, classifying them into self-similar groups and sub-groups. Further, it demonstrates that azimuthal Walsh filters possess a unique rotational self-similarity exhibited among adjacent orders. Serving as an atlas of diffraction phenomena with pupil functions represented by azimuthal Walsh filters of different orders, this book describes how orthogonality and self-similarity of these filters could be harnessed to sculpture 2D and 3D light distributions near the focus.

This book reports the new results of intelligent robot with hand-eye-brain, from the interdisciplinary perspective of information science and neuroscience. It collects novel research ideas on attractive region in environment (ARIE), intrinsic variable preserving manifold learning (IVPML) and biologically inspired visual congnition, which are theoretically important but challenging to develop the intelligent robot. Furthermore, the book offers new thoughts on the possible future development of human-inspired robotics, with vivid illustrations. The book is useful for researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students working on intelligent robots.

This thesis describes the first demonstration of a cooperative optical non-linearity based on Rydberg excitation. Whereas in conventional non-linear optics the non-linearity arises directly from the interaction between light and matter, in a cooperative process it is mediated by dipole-dipole interactions between light-induced excitations. For excitation to high Rydberg states where the electron is only weakly bound, the dipole-dipole interactions are extremely large and long range, enabling an enormous enhancement of the non-linear effect. Consequently, cooperative non-linear optics using Rydberg excitations opens a new era for quantum optics enabling large single photon non-linearity to be accessible in free space for the first time. The thesis describes the theoretical underpinnings of the non- linear effect, the pioneering experimental results and implications for experiments in the single photon regime.

Environmental and chemical sensors in optical fiber sensor technology The nature of the environment in which we live and work, and the precarious state of many aspects of the natural environment, has been a major lesson for scientists over the last few decades. Public awareness of the issues involved is high, and often coupled with a scepticism of the ability of the scientist and engineer to provide an adequate, or even rapid solution to the preservation of the environment before further damage is done, and to achieve this with a mini mum of expenditure. Monitoring of the various aspects of the environment, whether it be external or internal to ourselves and involving chemical, physical or biomedical parameters is an essential process for the well-being of mankind and of the individual. Legis lative requirements set new standards for measurement and control all around us, which must be met by the most appropriate of the technologies available, commensurate with the costs involved. Optical fiber sensor technology has a major part to play in this process, both to complement existing technologies and to promote new solutions to difficult measurement issues. The developments in new sources and detectors covering wider ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, with higher sensitivity, allow the use of techniques that some time ago would have been considered inappropriate or lacking in sufficient sensitivity."

Recent years have witnessed important advancements in our understanding of the psychological underpinnings of subjective properties of visual information, such as aesthetics, memorability, or induced emotions. Concurrently, computational models of objective visual properties such as semantic labelling and geometric relationships have made significant breakthroughs using the latest achievements in machine learning and large-scale data collection. There has also been limited but important work exploiting these breakthroughs to improve computational modelling of subjective visual properties. The time is ripe to explore how advances in both of these fields of study can be mutually enriching and lead to further progress. This book combines perspectives from psychology and machine learning to showcase a new, unified understanding of how images and videos influence high-level visual perception - particularly interestingness, affective values and emotions, aesthetic values, memorability, novelty, complexity, visual composition and stylistic attributes, and creativity. These human-based metrics are interesting for a very broad range of current applications, ranging from content retrieval and search, storytelling, to targeted advertising, education and learning, and content filtering. Work already exists in the literature that studies the psychological aspects of these notions or investigates potential correlations between two or more of these human concepts. Attempts at building computational models capable of predicting such notions can also be found, using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. Nevertheless their performance proves that there is still room for improvement, as the tasks are by nature highly challenging and multifaceted, requiring thought on both the psychological implications of the human concepts, as well as their translation to machines.

This is a comprehensive guide to the characteristics and use of high resolution optical images from satellite-borne sensors, concentrating on sensors designed for mapping. It considers in detail the SPOT series of satellites and sensors with a ground sample distance (GSD) of less than 15m, operational since SPOT 1 and particularly the commercial sensors launched since 1999 with GSD of less than 1m The book explains to students, anyone working in map production and scientists working in fields other than mapping, the way in which high resolution imagery is obtained and the issues which surround its collection and use. It deals progressively with the fundamentals of mapping from imagery, followed by the key features in the design of sensors and methods of data storage and transmission, including data compression. Subsequent chapters cover the sensors, calibration, sensor models and the methods of determining the orientation elements and extracting coordinates from the images. Rigorous orientation, use of rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) and approximate methods are covered.Results from tests showing the accuracy which can be obtained, generation of digital elevations models, their accuracy and the production of orthoimages are included, as are image processing and data fusion. Finally, future missions and the issues which face further development are discussed. High Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery is written by a team of acknowledged international experts and is the only comprehensive text on the subject.

This book explains how depth measurements from the Time-of-Flight (ToF) range imaging cameras are influenced by the electronic timing-jitter. The author presents jitter extraction and measurement techniques for any type of ToF range imaging cameras. The author mainly focuses on ToF cameras that are based on the amplitude modulated continuous wave (AMCW) lidar techniques that measure the phase difference between the emitted and reflected light signals. The book discusses timing-jitter in the emitted light signal, which is sensible since the light signal of the camera is relatively straightforward to access. The specific types of jitter that present on the light source signal are investigated throughout the book. The book is structured across three main sections: a brief literature review, jitter measurement, and jitter influence in AMCW ToF range imaging.

This book comprises a collection of papers presented at the International Workshop on New Approaches for Multidimensional Signal Processing (NAMSP 2021), held at Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, during 08-10 July 2021. The book covers research papers in the field of N-dimensional multicomponent image processing, multidimensional image representation and super-resolution, 3D image processing and reconstruction, MD computer vision systems, multidimensional multimedia systems, neural networks for MD image processing, data-based MD image retrieval and knowledge data mining, watermarking, hiding and encryption of MD images, MD image processing in robot systems, tensor-based data processing, 3D and multi-view visualization, forensic analysis systems for MD images and many more.

This book collects selected papers from the 7th Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers held in Rizhao, China, on September 21-23, 2020. The 7th International Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers (ICSINC) was held in Rizhao, China, on September 21-23, 2020.

Optical remote sensing relies on exploiting multispectral and hyper spectral imagery possessing high spatial and spectral resolutions respectively. These modalities, although useful for most remote sensing tasks, often present challenges that must be addressed for their effective exploitation. This book presents current state-of-the-art algorithms that address the following key challenges encountered in representation and analysis of such optical remotely sensed data. Challenges in pre-processing images, storing and representing high dimensional data, fusing different sensor modalities, pattern classification and target recognition, visualization of high dimensional imagery.

Deep connections exist between harmonic and applied analysis and the diverse yet connected topics of machine learning, data analysis, and imaging science. This volume explores these rapidly growing areas and features contributions presented at the second and third editions of the Summer Schools on Applied Harmonic Analysis, held at the University of Genova in 2017 and 2019. Each chapter offers an introduction to essential material and then demonstrates connections to more advanced research, with the aim of providing an accessible entrance for students and researchers. Topics covered include ill-posed problems; concentration inequalities; regularization and large-scale machine learning; unitarization of the radon transform on symmetric spaces; and proximal gradient methods for machine learning and imaging.

This book presents recent advances in NLP and speech technology, a topic attracting increasing interest in a variety of fields through its myriad applications, such as the demand for speech guided touchless technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors present results of recent experimental research that provides contributions and solutions to different issues related to speech technology and speech in industry. Technologies include natural language processing, automatic speech recognition (for under-resourced dialects) and speech synthesis that are useful for applications such as intelligent virtual assistants, among others. Applications cover areas such as sentiment analysis and opinion mining, Arabic named entity recognition, and language modelling. This book is relevant for anyone interested in the latest in language and speech technology.

Controlling the mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of materials by advanced fabrication methods (Le. ; Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) has become the new paradigm in our research era. Sensors, being the most vital part of the electronic data processing and decision making machines, stand to gain the most from engineering of the properties of materials. Microfabrication technology has already contributed significantly to the batch fabrication of micro-sensors with higher over all qualities compared to their counterparts that are fabricated using other methods. Batch fabrication of micro-sensors i) results in more uniform properties of co-fabricated devices, ii) nearly eliminates the need for characterization of individual sensors, and iii) eliminates a need for laborious alignment procedures. A less obvious benefit of using microfabrication methods is the possibility of precise control over the dimensions of the sensor. This control enables engineering of some of the properties of the material which affect the sensor's operation. There are many examples of this in the literature. Optical sensors are known to have superior properties over their counterparts that use other (i. e. ; electrostatic and magnetic) means of detection. To name a few, these advantages are: i) immunity to electromagnetic interferences, ii) higher sensitivities compared to the other types of sensors, iii) simplicity of operation principles, and iv) simplicity of overall construction.