This book presents the principles and applications of optical fiber communication based on digital signal processing (DSP) for both single and multi-carrier modulation signals. In the context of single carrier modulation, it describes DSP for linear and nonlinear optical fiber communication systems, discussing all-optical Nyquist modulation signal generation and processing, and how to use probabilistic and geometrical shaping to improve the transmission performance. For multi-carrier modulation, it examines DSP-based OFDM signal generation and detection and presents 4D and high-order modulation formats. Lastly, it demonstrates how to use artificial intelligence in optical fiber communication. As such it is a useful resource for students, researches and engineers in the field of optical fiber communication.

This book presents an extensive and timely survey of more than 30 surround and 20 stereo-microphone techniques. Further, it offers, for the first time, an explanation of why the RCA "Living Stereo" series of legacy recordings from the 1950s and 60s is still appreciated by music lovers worldwide, despite their use of an apparently incorrect recording technique from the perspective of psychoacoustics. Discussing this aspect in detail, the book draws on the author's study of concert hall acoustics and psychoacoustics. The book also analyzes the "fingerprint" features of a selected number of surround and - more importantly - stereo microphone techniques in depth by measuring their signal cross-correlation over frequency and also using an artificial human head. In addition, the book presents a rating of microphone techniques based on the assessment of various acoustic attributes, and merges the results of several subjective listening tests, including those conducted by other researchers. Building on this knowledge, it provides fresh insights into important microphone system features, from stereo to 3D audio. Moreover, it describes new microphone techniques, such as AB-PC, ORTF-T and BPT, and the recently defined BQIrep (Binaural Quality Index of reproduced music). Lastly, the book concludes with a short history of microphone techniques and case studies of live and studio recordings.

This book discusses various applications of machine learning using a new approach, the dynamic wavelet fingerprint technique, to identify features for machine learning and pattern classification in time-domain signals. Whether for medical imaging or structural health monitoring, it develops analysis techniques and measurement technologies for the quantitative characterization of materials, tissues and structures by non-invasive means. Intelligent Feature Selection for Machine Learning using the Dynamic Wavelet Fingerprint begins by providing background information on machine learning and the wavelet fingerprint technique. It then progresses through six technical chapters, applying the methods discussed to particular real-world problems. Theses chapters are presented in such a way that they can be read on their own, depending on the reader's area of interest, or read together to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to practitioners, engineers and researchers seeking to leverage the latest advances in machine learning in order to develop solutions to practical problems in structural health monitoring, medical imaging, autonomous vehicles, wireless technology, and historical conservation.

The proceedings of the 4th Stability and Control Processes Conference are focused on modern applied mathematics, stability theory, and control processes. The conference was held in recognition of the 90th birthday of Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Zubov (1930-2000). This selection of papers reflects the wide-ranging nature of V. I. Zubov's work, which included contributions to the development of the qualitative theory of differential equations, the theory of rigid body motion, optimal control theory, and the theory of electromagnetic fields. It helps to advance many aspects of the theory of control systems, including questions of motion stability, nonlinear oscillations in control systems, navigation and reliability of control devices, vibration theory, and quantization of orbits. The disparate applications covered by the book - in mechanical systems, game theory, solid-state physics, socio-economic systems and medical and biological systems, control automata and navigation - are developments from Professor Zubov's in-depth studies on the theory of stability of motion, the theory of automatic control and the theory of the motions of optimal processes. Stability and Control Processes presents research continuing the legacy of V. I. Zubov and updates it with sections focused on intelligence-based control. These proceedings will be of interest to academics, professionals working in industry and researchers alike.

This book reports the new results of intelligent robot with hand-eye-brain, from the interdisciplinary perspective of information science and neuroscience. It collects novel research ideas on attractive region in environment (ARIE), intrinsic variable preserving manifold learning (IVPML) and biologically inspired visual congnition, which are theoretically important but challenging to develop the intelligent robot. Furthermore, the book offers new thoughts on the possible future development of human-inspired robotics, with vivid illustrations. The book is useful for researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students working on intelligent robots.

This book is a collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Renewable Power (ICRP 2020), held during 13-14 July 2020 in Rajouri, Jammu, India. The book covers different topics of renewable energy sources in modern power systems. The book focusses on smart grid technologies and applications, renewable power systems including solar PV, solar thermal, wind, power generation, transmission and distribution, transportation electrification and automotive technologies, power electronics and applications in renewable power system, energy management and control system, energy storage in modern power system, active distribution network, artificial intelligence in renewable power systems, and cyber-physical systems and Internet of things in smart grid and renewable power.

The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the utilization of computer vision techniques in the diagnosis of skin cancer. Malignant melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the world. Early diagnosis is particularly important since melanoma can be cured with a simple excision if detected early. In recent years, dermoscopy has proved valuable in visualizing the morphological structures in pigmented lesions. However, it has also been shown that dermoscopy is difficult to learn and subjective. Newer technologies such as infrared imaging, multispectral imaging, and confocal microscopy, have recently come to the forefront in providing greater diagnostic accuracy. These imaging technologies presented in this book can serve as an adjunct to physicians and provide automated skin cancer screening. Although computerized techniques cannot as yet provide a definitive diagnosis, they can be used to improve biopsy decision-making as well as early melanoma detection, especially for patients with multiple atypical nevi.

This book is written for engineers who need to develop algorithms used for signal processing and/or implement algorithms using the C programming language or MATLAB. The book features a rich collection of recipes for applied signal processing such as FIR, IIR, FFT, correlation, complex FIR, adaptive filters and others. The book applies to those who want to implement in the shortest time to market working systems that are built from a collection of building blocks implemented in an FPGA firmware or C language software, running on an SBC or DSP. Structured as an instantly applicable guide, the author covers a wide collection of required solutions to common encountered problems with a software guide. All Codes in the book are verified and processing times for all C codes are specified, enabling the reader to estimate processing time on his own target, by comparing it to the I5 2.9 GHz CPU used here. Endorsements: "Your book bridges a gap between theory and implementation on hardware - which is a topic relevant to many in industry and many students who are targeting the digital signal processing industry (including communications and robotics)" Professor Alfred Hero, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA "I believe you that for many engineers the book will be practical" Professor Anthony J. Weiss, Tel Aviv University, Israel

This book is devoted to the investigation of the main issues related to the sustainable realization of tele-laboratories, where real and virtual instrumentation can be shared and used in a collaborative environment. The book contains peer reviewed chapters and each presents a self-contained treatment within a framework providing an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art and of the most recent developments of this multi-faceted topic.

This book features the proceedings of the 4th EAI International Conference on Big Data Innovation for Sustainable Cognitive Computing (BDCC 2021). The papers feature detail on cognitive computing and its self-learning systems that use data mining, pattern recognition and natural language processing (NLP) to mirror the way the human brain works. This international conference focuses on technologies from knowledge representation techniques and natural language processing algorithms to dynamic learning approaches. Topics covered include Data Science for Cognitive Analysis, Real-Time Ubiquitous Data Science, Platform for Privacy Preserving Data Science, and Internet-Based Cognitive Platform.

This second book by the author on WSNs focuses on the concepts of energy, and energy harvesting and management techniques. Definitions and terminologies are made clear without leaning on the relaxing assumption that they are already known or easily reachable, the reader is not to be diverted from the main course. Neatly drawn figures assist in viewing and imagining the offered topics. To make energy related topics felt and seen, the adopted technologies as well as their manufacturers are presented in details. With such a depth, this book is intended for a wide audience, it is meant to be helper and motivator, for the senior undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers, and practitioners; concepts and energy related applications are laid out, research and practical issues are backed by appropriate literature, and new trends are put under focus. For senior undergraduate students, it familiarizes with conceptual foundations and practical projects implementations. Also, it is intended for graduate students working on their thesis and in need of specific knowledge on WSNs and the related energy harvesting and management techniques. Moreover, it is targeting researchers and practitioners interested in features and applications of WSNs, and on the available energy harvesting and management projects and testbeds. Exercises at the end of each chapter are not just questions and answers; they are not limited to recapitulate ideas. Their design objective is not bound to be a methodical review of the provided concepts, but rather as a motivator for lot more of searching, finding, and comparing beyond what has been presented in the book.

This book features selected papers presented at the Fifth International Conference on Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Communication Systems (NCCS 2019). It covers a range of topics, including nanoelectronic devices, microelectronics devices, material science, machine learning, Internet of things, cloud computing, computing systems, wireless communication systems, advances in communication 5G and beyond. Further, it discusses VLSI circuits and systems, MEMS, IC design and testing, electronic system design and manufacturing, speech signal processing, digital signal processing, FPGA-based wireless communication systems and FPGA-based system design, Industry 4.0, e-farming, semiconductor memories, and IC fault detection and correction.

Since the first edition of Digital Pictures in 1988, several international standards have been established for digitization of bilevel images, color pictures, videoconferencing, and television. In Digital Pictures, Second Edition, Arun N. Netravali and Barry G. Haskell address these modern innovations and review recently established international standards for digital imagery. They discuss the current state of the art, including JBIG, JPEG, H.261, CCIR601, CCIR723, MPEG1, MPEG2, and HDTV technology. Their book also thoroughly covers the fundamentals and practical algorithms of image digitization and compression. The text's new chapters feature examples and questions designed to stimulate greater understanding of the topics which describe: basic aspects of the JBIG algorithm and different JPEG operating modes; some methodologies used for video codecs operating at subprimary bit-rates; a generic coding standard that can be used in many digital video implementations; and the main characteristics of HDTV; its current state in Europe, Japan, and the United States; and expected future developments. Digital Pictures, Second Edition, concludes with a review of source encoding limitations and brief descriptions of two approaches to model-based coding of video. Its comprehensive coverage of progress in the field will be valuable for communication systems engineers and researchers working in the areas of image compression, communication, and processing. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students will find it an essential text on image digitization, processing, coding, and compression.

Light scattering from particles in the nanometric and micrometric size range is relevant in several research fields, such as aerosol science and nanotechnology. In many applications, the description of the optical properties of non-spherical, inhomogeneous particles is still inadequate or requires demanding numerical calculations. Lorenz-Mie scattering and effective medium approximations represent currently the main theoretical tools to model such particles, but their effectiveness has been recently called into question. This work examines how the morphology of a particle affects its scattering parameters from an experimental standpoint, supporting findings with extensive simulations. The dust content of Antarctic, Greenlandic, and Alpine ice cores is analysed with a particle-by-particle approach. Moreover, a study on colloidal aggregates shows that correlations among the fields radiated by primary particles are responsible for the poor agreement of effective medium approximations with experimental results. On the theoretical side, an interpretation in terms of the structure factor is given, which satisfactorily describes the data. The insights of this thesis are relevant for quantifying the contribution of mineral dust to the radiative energy balance of the Earth.

This book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the medical challenge - C-NMC challenge: Classification of normal versus malignant cells in B-ALL white blood cancer microscopic images. The challenge was run as part of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (IEEE ISBI) 2019 held at Venice, Italy in April 2019. Cell classification via image processing has recently gained interest from the point of view of building computer-assisted diagnostic tools for blood disorders such as leukaemia. In order to arrive at a conclusive decision on disease diagnosis and degree of progression, it is very important to identify malignant cells with high accuracy. Computer-assisted tools can be very helpful in automating the process of cell segmentation and identification because morphologically both cell types appear similar. This particular challenge was run on a curated data set of more than 14000 cell images of very high quality. More than 200 international teams participated in the challenge. This book covers various solutions using machine learning and deep learning approaches. The book will prove useful for academics, researchers, and professionals interested in building low-cost automated diagnostic tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

This book presents the selected peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (ComNet) 2019. Highlighting the latest findings, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of advanced communication systems and networking, it covers a variety of topics, including next-generation wireless technologies such as 5G, new hardware platforms, antenna design, applications of artificial intelligence (AI), signal processing and optimization techniques. Given its scope, this book can be useful for beginners, researchers and professionals working in wireless communication and networks, and other allied fields.

This book highlights the advancements in different fields of clinical electrophysiology and gives the reader a good background of the established practices. To tackle such a wide topic, the book focuses on two main aspects: ablation and pacing, discussing the novel energy sources and approaches to rhythm restoration and control; devices and signal processing, highlighting the new available technologies and numerical approaches aiding practice and home medicine. It also presents the reader with selected strategies that could be a paradigm shifts for the field: in situ cell reprogramming, exploiting the newly founded achievements in epigenetic modification of somatic cells; artificial intelligence; cardiac digital twinning, which aims to collect the information from imaging, mechanics and electrophysiology and condense it into a patient-specific model for personalized treatment.

The papers in this proceeding discuss current and future trends in wearable communications and personal health management through the use of wireless body area networks (WBAN). The authors posit new technologies that can provide trustworthy communications mechanisms from the user to medical health databases. The authors discuss not only on-body devices, but also technologies providing information in-body. Also discussed are dependable communications combined with accurate localization and behavior analysis, which will benefit WBAN technology and make the healthcare processes more effective. The papers were presented at the 13th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks (BODYNETS 2018), Oulu, Finland, 02-03 October 2018.

This textbook provides an introduction to the study of digital signal processing, employing a top-to-bottom structure to motivate the reader, a graphical approach to the solution of the signal processing mathematics, and extensive use of MATLAB. In contrast to the conventional teaching approach, the book offers a top-down approach which first introduces students to digital filter design, provoking questions about the mathematical tools required. The following chapters provide answers to these questions, introducing signals in the discrete domain, Fourier analysis, filters in the time domain and the Z-transform. The author introduces the mathematics in a conceptual manner with figures to illustrate the physical meaning of the equations involved. Chapter six builds on these concepts and discusses advanced filter design, and chapter seven discusses matters of practical implementation. This book introduces the corresponding MATLAB functions and programs in every chapter with examples, and the final chapter introduces the actual real-time filter from MATLAB. Aimed primarily at undergraduate students in electrical and electronic engineering, this book enables the reader to implement a digital filter using MATLAB. Deliver the conceptual knowledge of digital signal processing with extensive use of the illustrations from practical viewpoint. Also, the digital signal processing is initiated from the digital not from the continuous domain.

The new edition of this textbook is based on Dr. Thanh T. Tran's 10+ years' experience teaching high-speed digital and analog design courses at Rice University and 30+ years' experience working in high-speed system design, including signal and power integrity in digital signal processing (DSP), computer, and embedded system. The book provides hands-on, practical instruction on high-speed digital and analog design for students and working engineers. The author first presents good high-speed digital and analog design practices that minimize both component and system noise and ensure system design success. He then presents guidelines to be used throughout the design process to reduce noise and radiation and to avoid common pitfalls while improving quality and reliability. The book is filled with tips on design and system simulation that minimize late stage redesign costs and product shipment delays. Hands-on design examples focusing on audio, video, analog filters, DDR memory, and power supplies are featured throughout. In addition, the author provides a practical approach to design multi-gigahertz high-speed serial busses (USB-C, PCIe, HDMI, DP) and simulate printed circuit board insertion and return loss using s-parameter models.

In 1954, Charles Townes invented the laser's microwave cousin, the maser. The next logical step was to extend the same physical principles to the shorter wavelengths of light, but the idea did not catch fire until October 1957, when Townes asked Gordon Gould about Gould's research on using light to excite thallium atoms. Each took the idea and ran with it. The independent-minded Gould sought the fortune of an independent inventor; the professorial Townes sought the fame of scientific recognition. Townes enlisted the help of his brother-in-law, Arthur Schawlow, and got Bell Labs into the race. Gould turned his ideas into a patent application and a million-dollar defense contract. They soon had company. Ali Javan, one of Townes's former students, began pulling 90-hour weeks at Bell Labs with colleague Bill Bennett. And far away in California a bright young physicist named Ted Maiman became a very dark horse in the race. While Schawlow proclaimed that ruby could never make a laser, Maiman slowly convinced himself it would. As others struggled with recalcitrant equipment and military secrecy, Maiman built a tiny and elegant device that fit in the palm of his hand. His ruby laser worked the first time he tried it, on May 16, 1960, but afterwards he had to battle for acceptance as the man who made the first laser. Beam is a fascinating tale of a remarkable and powerful invention that has become a symbol of modern technology.

This report presents an account of the course "Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Solids: Advances and Applications" held in Erice, Italy, from June 16 to 30, 1993. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The purpose of this course was to present and discuss physical models, mathematical formalisms, experimental techniques, and applications relevant to the subject of nonlinear spectroscopy of solid state materials. The universal availability and application of lasers in spectroscopy has led to the widespread observation of nonlinear effects in the spectroscopy of materials. Nonlinear spectroscopy encompasses many physical phenomena which have their origin in the monochromaticity, spectral brightness, coherence, power density and tunability of laser sources. Conventional spectroscopy assumes a linear dependence between the applied electromagnetic field and the induced polarization of atoms and molecules. The validity of this assumption rests on the fact that even the most powerful conventional sources of light produce a light intensity which is not strong enough to equalize the rate of stimulated emission and that of the experimentally observed decay. A different situation may arise when laser light sources are used, particularly pulsed lasers. The use of such light sources can make the probability of induced emission comparable to, or even greater than, the probability of the observed decay; in such cases the nonlinearity of the response of the system is revealed by the experimental data and new properties, not detectable by conventional spectroscopy, will emerge.

This book presents recent outcomes of the collaborative "Tricorder" project, which brings together partners from industry, research institutes and hospitals to deliver an easy contactless alternative for electrocardiograms (ECG). Featuring contributions investigating the possible applications of laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) signals for the remote measurement of vital parameters of the heart, the book provides insights into the vision and the history of the "Tricorder" project and the basic differences between the vibrocardiograms and electrocardiograms. It also discusses topics such as signal processing, heartbeat measurement techniques, respiration frequency and oxygen saturation determination, with a particular focus on the diagnostic value of the method presented, e.g., diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and estimation of the oxygen saturation in premature infants. Further, the authors review the advantages and drawbacks of the new method and the specific fields of application. This book will appeal to researchers and industry leaders interested in laser remote sensing for medical applications as well as medical professionals curious about new healthcare technologies.

This book reviews the spaceborne and airborne remote sensing of clouds including cloud lidar and radar data analysis, snow and soil reflectance spectroscopy, and single light scattering by nonspherical scatterers. Providing deep insights into the latest technologies, it is a valuable resource for scientists and postgraduate students alike.

This book discusses autonomous spacecraft navigation based on X-ray pulsars, analyzing how to process X-ray pulsar signals, how to simulate them, and how to estimate the pulse's time of arrival based on epoch folding. In turn, the book presents a range of X-ray pulsar-based spacecraft positioning/time-keeping/attitude determination methods. It also describes the error transmission mechanism of the X-ray pulsar-based navigation system and its corresponding compensation methods. Further, the book introduces readers to navigation based on multiple measurement information fusion, such as X-ray pulsar/traditional celestial body integrated navigation and X-ray pulsar/INS integrated navigation. As such, it offers readers extensive information on both the theory and applications of X-ray pulsar-based navigation, and reflects the latest developments in China and abroad.