This proceedings book presents the latest research in the fields of information theory, communication system, computer science and signal processing, as well as other related technologies. Collecting selected papers from the 3rd Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers (ICSINC), held in Chongqing, China on September 13-15, 2017, it is of interest to professionals from academia and industry alike.

This book investigates the susceptibility of intrinsic physically unclonable function (PUF) implementations on reconfigurable hardware to optical semi-invasive attacks from the chip backside. It explores different classes of optical attacks, particularly photonic emission analysis, laser fault injection, and optical contactless probing. By applying these techniques, the book demonstrates that the secrets generated by a PUF can be predicted, manipulated or directly probed without affecting the behavior of the PUF. It subsequently discusses the cost and feasibility of launching such attacks against the very latest hardware technologies in a real scenario. The author discusses why PUFs are not tamper-evident in their current configuration, and therefore, PUFs alone cannot raise the security level of key storage. The author then reviews the potential and already implemented countermeasures, which can remedy PUFs' security-related shortcomings and make them resistant to optical side-channel and optical fault attacks. Lastly, by making selected modifications to the functionality of an existing PUF architecture, the book presents a prototype tamper-evident sensor for detecting optical contactless probing attempts.

Based upon the research they have conducted over the past decade in the field of denoising processes for medical ultrasonic imaging, in this book, the authors systematically present despeckling methods for medical ultrasonic images. Firstly, the respective methods are reviewed and divided into five categories. Secondly, after introducing some basic mathematical tools such as wavelet and shearlet transforms, the authors highlight five recently developed despeckling methods for medical ultrasonic images. In turn, simulations and experiments for clinical ultrasonic images are presented for each method, and comparison studies with other well-known existing methods are conducted, showing the effectiveness and superiority of the new methods. Students and researchers in the field of signal and image processing, as well as medical professionals whose work involves ultrasonic diagnosis, will greatly benefit from this book. Familiarizing them with the state of the art in despeckling methods for medical ultrasonic images, it offers a useful reference guide for their study and research work.

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a remarkable technique for recording low-level light signals with extremely high precision and picosecond-time resolution. TCSPC has developed from an intrinsically time-consuming and one-dimensional technique into a fast, multi-dimensional technique to record light signals. So this reference and text describes how advanced TCSPC techniques work and demonstrates their application to time-resolved laser scanning microscopy, single molecule spectroscopy, photon correlation experiments, and diffuse optical tomography of biological tissue. It gives practical hints about constructing suitable optical systems, choosing and using detectors, detector safety, preamplifiers, and using the control features and optimising the operating conditions of TCSPC devices. Advanced TCSPC Techniques is an indispensable tool for everyone in research and development who is confronted with the task of recording low-intensity light signals in the picosecond and nanosecond range.

"The monograph by Dr Wolfgang Becker is a complete and lucid summary of both the basic principles and the state-of-the-art of TCSPC. This book contains descriptions that are only available from the primary literature or specialized web sites. An understanding of the present technology will allow the reader to make effective use of the multi-dimensional capabilities of modern time-resolved fluorescence instruments."
Joseph R. Lakowicz, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,

This monograph explores Intrabody communication (IBC) as a novel non-RF wireless data communication technique using the human body itself as the communication channel or transmission medium. In particular, the book investigates Intrabody Communication considering limb joint effects within the transmission frequency range 0.3-200 MHz. Based on in-vivo experiments which determine the effects of size, situations, and locations of joints on the IBC, the book proposes a new IBC circuit model explaining elbow joint effects. This model not only takes the limb joint effects of the body into account but also considers the influence of measurement equipment in higher frequency band thus predicting signal attenuation behavior over wider frequency ranges. Finally, this work proposes transmitter and receiver architectures for intrabody communication. A carrier-free scheme based on impulse radio for the IBC is implemented on a FPGA.

This book highlights the rapidly developing field of advanced optical methods for structural and functional brain imaging. As is known, the brain is the most poorly understood organ of a living body. It is indeed the most complex structure in the known universe and, thus, mapping of the brain has become one of the most exciting frontlines of contemporary research. Starting from the fundamentals of the brain, neurons and synapses, this book presents a streamlined and focused coverage of the core principles, theoretical and experimental approaches, and state-of-the-art applications of most of the currently used imaging methods in brain research. It presents contributions from international leaders on different photonics-based brain imaging modalities and techniques. Included are comprehensive descriptions of many of the technology driven spectacular advances made over the past few years that have allowed novel insights of the structural and functional details of neurons. The book is targeted at researchers, engineers and scientists who are working in the field of brain imaging, neuroscience and connectomics. Although this book is not intended to serve as a textbook, it will appeal to undergraduate students engaged in the specialization of brain imaging.

This book is a compendium of the finest research in nanoplasmonic sensing done around the world in the last decade. It describes basic theoretical considerations of nanoplasmons in the dielectric environment, gives examples of the multitude of applications of nanoplasmonics in biomedical and chemical sensing, and provides an overview of future trends in optical and non-optical nanoplasmonic sensing. Specifically, readers are guided through both the fundamentals and the latest research in the two major fields nanoplasmonic sensing is applied to - bio- and chemo-sensing - then given the state-of-the-art recipes used in nanoplasmonic sensing research.

This book describes breath signal processing technologies and their applications in medical sample classification and diagnosis. First, it provides a comprehensive introduction to breath signal acquisition methods, based on different kinds of chemical sensors, together with the optimized selection and fusion acquisition scheme. It then presents preprocessing techniques, such as drift removing and feature extraction methods, and uses case studies to explore the classification methods. Lastly it discusses promising research directions and potential medical applications of computerized breath diagnosis. It is a valuable interdisciplinary resource for researchers, professionals and postgraduate students working in various fields, including breath diagnosis, signal processing, pattern recognition, and biometrics.

'Data acquisition' is concerned with taking one or more analogue signals and converting them to digital form with sufficient accu racy and speed to be ready for processing by a computer. The increasing use of computers makes this an expanding field, and it is important that the conversion process is done correctly because information lost at this stage can never be regained, no matter how good the computation. The old saying - garbage in, garbage out - is very relevant to data acquisition, and so every part of the book contains a discussion of errors: where do they come from, how large are they, and what can be done to reduce them? The book aims to treat the data acquisition process in depth with less detailed chapters on the fundamental principles of measure ment, sensors and signal conditioning. There is also a chapter on software packages, which are becoming increasingly popular. This is such a rapidly changing topic that any review of available pro grams is bound to be out of date before the book reaches the read ers. For this reason, I have described the data handling which is available in various types of program and left it to the reader to select from whatever is on the market at the time."

This is the third and final volume of a three volumes book series devoted to photorefractive effects, photorefractive materials and their applications. Since the publication of our first two Springer books on Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications (Topics in Applied Physics, Vols 61 and 62) almost 20 years ago a lot of research has been done in this area. New and often unexpected effects have been discovered, theoretical models developed, known effects could be finally explained and novel applications had been proposed. We believe that the field has now reached a high level of maturity, even if research continues in all areas mentioned above and with new discoveries arriving quite regularly. We therefore have decided to invite some of the top experts in the field to put together the state of the art in their respective fields. This after we had been encouraged to do so for more than ten years by the publisher, due to the fact that the former volumes were out of print since long time. The first volume is devoted to the description of the basic effects leading to photoinduced refractive index changes in electro-optical materials. of photorefractive materials is reviewed and the parameters, which govern the photorefractive nonlinearity are highlighted. This third volume deals with the applications of the photorefractive effects and of materials. Starting about 35 years ago the attractivity of the photorefractive effect for data storage, for optical metrology, optical signal processing and nonlinear optical applications has been recognized. One of the main reasons for this is the large nonlinearity or refractive index change, which can be induced by low light intensities by using the photoinduced space-charge fields in electro-optical materials. Many new concepts have been demonstrated in the laboratories over all these years. Several of these concepts have been proved useful also in other areas of nonlinear optics. Particularly interesting was the observation of a large energy from pump beams to the signal beam in two- and fourwave mixing experiments. information and to self-pumped optical phase conjugation with applications in the area of wavefront correction of self-induced optical resonators. In this third volume, a series of applications of photorefractive nonlinear optics and of optical data storage are presented in several chapters. This and the other two volumes on photorefractive effects, materials and applications have been prepared mainly for researchers in the field, but also for physics, engineering and materials science students. Several chapters contain sufficient introductory material for those not so familiar with the topic to obtain a thorough understanding of the photorefractive effect. We hope that for researchers active in the field these books should provide a useful reference source for their work.

This volume includes proceedings articles presented at the Workshop on Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems held in Granada, Spain. The material focuses on the three broad areas of spoken dialogue systems for robotics, emotions and spoken dialogue systems, and Spoken dialogue systems for real-world applications

The workshop proceedings are part of the 3rd Annual International Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems, which brings together researchers from all over the world working in the field of spoken dialogue systems. It provides an international forum for the presentation of research and applications, and for lively discussions among researchers as well as industrialists.

Vertival-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are one of the most promising new developments in laser physics. Covering such a wide range of topics such as operation principles, design considerations and performance measurements, this book is the first of its kind in that it provides readers with a comprehensive account of the latest technological developments in VCSEL devices. In fact, all the chapters are written by pioneers and key experts who have exclusive access to the most up-to-date innovations in the respective fields. Readers will come to appreciate to all the crucial aspects of VCSEL devices. Theories and simulations as well as experiments are discussed in the book.

Following on from "Optical Fiber Sensors", Volumes 1 and 2, this third volume discusses the significance and applications of recent fibre optic development, including: Fiber Bragg grating and its impact on the basis of sensing technology; optical fibre amplifiers and their emergence as an important optical source when configured as a laser and as a broadband photoluminescent device; and the developments of distributed sensing.

This book gives a comprehensive overview of the medium access control (MAC) principles in cognitive radio networks, with a specific focus on how such MAC principles enable different wireless systems to coexist in the same spectrum band and carry out spectrum sharing. From algorithm design to the latest developments in the standards and spectrum policy, readers will benefit from leading-edge knowledge of how cognitive radio systems coexist and share spectrum resources. Coverage includes cognitive radio rendezvous, spectrum sharing, channel allocation, coexistence in TV white space, and coexistence of heterogeneous wireless systems. "

'Rana el Kaliouby's vision for how technology should work in parallel with empathy is bold, inspired and hopeful' Arianna Huffington, founder and CEO of Thrive Global 'This lucid and captivating book by a renowned pioneer of emotion-AI tackles one of the most pressing issues of our time: How can we ensure a future where this technology empowers rather than surveils and manipulates us?' Max Tegmark, professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and author of Life 3.0 We are entering an empathy crisis. Most of our communication is conveyed through non-verbal cues - facial expressions, tone of voice, body language - nuances that are completely lost when we interact through our smartphones and other technology. The result is a digital universe that's emotion-blind - a society lacking in empathy. Rana el Kaliouby discovered this when she left Cairo, a newly-married, Muslim woman, to take up her place at Cambridge University to study computer science. Many thousands of miles from home, she began to develop systems to help her better connect with her family. She started to pioneer the new field of Emotional Intelligence (EI). She now runs her company, Affectiva (the industry-leader in this emerging field) that builds EI into our technology and develops systems that understand humans the way we understand one another. In a captivating memoir, Girl Decoded chronicles el Kaliouby's mission to humanise technology and what she learns about humanity along the way.

It is a great pleasure to be asked to write the Preface for this book on trellis decoding of error correcting block codes. The subject is extremely significant both theoretically and practically, and is very timely because of recent devel opments in the microelectronic implementation and range of application of error-control coding systems based on block codes. The authors have been notably active in signal processing and coding research and development for several years, and therefore very well placed to contribute to the state of the art on the subject of trellis decoding. In particular, the book represents a unique approach to many practical aspects of the topic. As the authors point out, there are two main classes of error control codes: block codes and convolutinal codes. Block codes came first historically and have a well-developed mathematical structure. Convolutional codes come later, and have developed heuristically, though a more formal treatment has emerged via recent developments in the theory of symbolic dynamics. Max imum likelihood (ML) decoding of powerful codes in both these classes is computationally complex in the general case; that is, ML decoding fails into the class of NP-hard computational problems. This arieses because the de coding complexity is an exponential function of key parameters of the code."

This book addresses challenges faced by both the algorithm designer and the chip designer, who need to deal with the ongoing increase of algorithmic complexity and required data throughput for today s mobile applications. The focus is on implementation aspects and implementation constraints of individual components that are needed in transceivers for current standards, such as UMTS, LTE, WiMAX and DVB-S2. The application domain is the so called outer receiver, which comprises the channel coding, interleaving stages, modulator, and multiple antenna transmission. Throughout the book, the focus is on advanced algorithms that are actually in use
in modern communications systems. Their basic principles are always derived with a focus on the resulting communications and implementation performance. As a result, this book serves as a valuable reference for two, typically disparate audiences in communication systems and hardware design."

This graduate-level text presents the fundamental physics of solid-state lasers, including the basis of laser action and the optical and electronic properties of laser materials. After an overview of the topic, the first part begins with a review of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics, spectroscopy, and crystal field theory; it then treats the quantum theory of radiation, the emission and absorption of radiation, and nonlinear optics; concluding with discussions of lattice vibrations and ion-ion interactions, and their effects on optical properties and laser action. The second part treats specific solid-state laser materials, the prototypical ruby and Nd-YAG systems being treated in greatest detail; and the book concludes with a discussion of novel and non-standard materials. Some knowledge of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics is assumed, but the discussion is as self-contained as possible, making this an excellent reference, as well as useful for independent study.

This book highlights the need for an efficient Handover Decision (HD) mechanism to perform switches from one network to another and to provide unified and continuous mobile services that include seamless connectivity and ubiquitous service access. The author shows how the HD involves efficiently combining handover initiation and network selection process. The author describes how the network selection decision is a challenging task that is a central component to making HD for any mobile user in a heterogeneous environment that involves a number of static and dynamic parameters. The author also discusses prevailing technical challenges like Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) methods, spectrum sensing, cooperative communications, cognitive network architecture protocol design, cognitive network security challenges and dynamic adaptation algorithms for cognitive system and the evolving behavior of systems in general. The book allows the reader to optimize the sensing time for maximizing the spectrum utilization, improve the lifetime of the cognitive radio network (CRN) using active scan spectrum sensing techniques, analyze energy efficiency of CRN, find a secondary user spectrum allocation, perform dynamic handovers, and use efficient data communication in the cognitive networks. Identifies energy efficient spectrum sensing techniques for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN); Shows how to maximize the energy capacity by minimizing the outage probability; Features end-of-chapter summaries, performance measures, and case studies.

Traditional Pattern Recognition (PR) and Computer Vision (CV) technologies have mainly focused on full automation, even though full automation often proves elusive or unnatural in many applications, where the technology is expected to assist rather than replace the human agents. However, not all the problems can be automatically solved being the human interaction the only way to tackle those applications. Recently, multimodal human interaction has become an important field of increasing interest in the research community. Advanced man-machine interfaces with high cognitive capabilities are a hot research topic that aims at solving challenging problems in image and video applications. Actually, the idea of computer interactive systems was already proposed on the early stages of computer science. Nowadays, the ubiquity of image sensors together with the ever-increasing computing performance has open new and challenging opportunities for research in multimodal human interaction. This book aims to show how existing PR and CV technologies can naturally evolve using this new paradigm. The chapters of this book show different successful case studies of multimodal interactive technologies for both image and video applications. They cover a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from interactive handwriting transcriptions to human-robot interactions in real environments.

The unprecedented growth in the range of multimedia services offered these days by modern telecommunication systems has been made possible only because of the advancements in signal processing technologies and algorithms. In the area of telecommunications, application of signal processing allows for new generations of systems to achieve performance close to theoretical limits, while in the area of multimedia, signal processing the underlying technology making possible realization of such applications that not so long ago were considered just a science fiction or were not even dreamed about. We all learnt to adopt those achievements very quickly, but often the research enabling their introduction takes many years and a lot of efforts. This book presents a group of invited contributions, some of which have been based on the papers presented at the International Symposium on DSP for Communication Systems held in Coolangatta on the Gold Coast, Australia, in December 2003. Part 1 of the book deals with applications of signal processing to transform what we hear or see to the form that is most suitable for transmission or storage for a future retrieval. The first three chapters in this part are devoted to processing of speech and other audio signals. The next two chapters consider image coding and compression, while the last chapter of this part describes classification of video sequences in the MPEG domain.

This book covers the diagnosis and assessment of the various faults which can occur in a three phase induction motor, namely rotor broken-bar faults, rotor-mass unbalance faults, stator winding faults, single phasing faults and crawling. Following a brief introduction, the second chapter describes the construction and operation of an induction motor, then reviews the range of known motor faults, some existing techniques for fault analysis, and some useful signal processing techniques. It includes an extensive literature survey to establish the research trends in induction motor fault analysis. Chapters three to seven describe the assessment of each of the five primary fault types. In the third chapter the rotor broken-bar fault is discussed and then two methods of diagnosis are described; (i) diagnosis of the fault through Radar analysis of stator current Concordia and (ii) diagnosis through envelope analysis of motor startup current using Hilbert and Wavelet Transforms. In chapter four, rotor-mass unbalance faults are assessed, and diagnosis of both transient and steady state stator current has been analyzed using different techniques. If both rotor broken-bar and rotor-mass unbalance faults occur simultaneously then for identification an algorithm is provided in this chapter. Chapter five considers stator winding faults and five different analysis techniques, chapter six covers diagnosis of single phasing faults, and chapter seven describes crawling and its diagnosis. Finally, chapter eight focuses on fault assessment, and presents a summary of the book together with a discussion of prospects for future research on fault diagnosis.

This book presents advances in matrix and tensor data processing in the domain of signal, image and information processing. The theoretical mathematical approaches are discusses in the context of potential applications in sensor and cognitive systems engineering.
The topics and application include Information Geometry, Differential Geometry of structured Matrix, Positive Definite Matrix, Covariance Matrix, Sensors (Electromagnetic Fields, Acoustic sensors) and Applications in Cognitive systems, in particular Data Mining."

Deals with both the ultrashort laser-pulse technology in the few- to mono-cycle region and the laser-surface-controlled scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) extending into the spatiotemporal extreme technology. The former covers the theory of nonlinear pulse propagation beyond the slowly-varing-envelope approximation, the generation and active chirp compensation of ultrabroadband optical pulses, the amplitude and phase characterization of few- to mono-cycle pulses, and the feedback field control for the mono-cycle-like pulse generation. In addition, the wavelength-multiplex shaping of ultrabroadband pulses, and the carrier-phase measurement and control of few-cycle pulses are described. The latter covers the CW-laser-excitation STM, the femtosecond-time-resolved STM and atomic-level surface phenomena controlled by femtosecond pulses.

Introduction to Integrated Optics: Characterization and Modeling of Optical Waveguides (S. Pelli, G. Righini). Introduction to Nonlinear Guided Waves (M. Bertolotti). Nonlinear Optical Materials (C. Flytzanis). Integrated Optics in Lithium Niobate (D. Delacourt). Propagation of Selftrapped Optical Beams in Nonlinear Kerr Media and Photorefractive Crystals (B. Crosignani). Advances in Semiconductor Integrated Optics (A. Carenco). Silica on Silicon Integrated Optics (R.R. Syms). Integrated Optics on Silicon: IOS Technologies (S. Valette). Are Glasses Suitable for Optoelectronics? (A. Montenero). Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymer Waveguides (F. Michelotti). Fabrication and Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Waveguides (S. Sottini). Linearized Optical Modulators for High Performance Analog Links (G. Tangonan et al.). Alloptical Switching in AlGaAs Semiconductor Wavelength Devices (J.A. Aitchison). Integrated Optics Sensors (O. Parriaux). Spatial Optical Solitonsexperiments (Y. Silberberg). Optical Losses of Characterization of Channel Waveguide through Photodeflection Method (R. Li Voti et al.). 7 additional articles. Index.