In December 2014, Hayabusa2 started its journey to 162173 Ryugu, a C-type asteroid likely to be primordial, thereby making this a voyage in both space and time. Hayabusa2 will begin its observations upon arrival at Ryugu in 2018. It will survey the asteroid's surface features, touch down on the asteroid, form an artificial crater by shooting an impactor, and collect sample materials both on and under the surface. In 2020, Hayabusa2 will return to Earth and release a re-entry capsule carrying material from Ryugu. This book contains papers describing the scientific objectives and instrumentation on Hayabusa2 and its landing package, MASCOT. The methods and developments presented in these papers have challenged the state-of-the-art of planetary exploration. This book is indispensable to understanding the results that Hayabusa2 will bring through its in situ and sample return exploration. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Volume 208, Issue 1-4, July 2017

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the measurement of position, velocity, and time. It has rapidly evolved into a worldwide utility with more than a billion receiver sets currently in use that provide enormous benefits to humanity: improved safety of life, increased productivity, and wide-spread convenience. Global Navigation Satellite Systems summarizes the joint workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems held jointly by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Engineering on May 24-25, 2011 at Hongqiao Guest Hotel in Shanghai, China. "We have one world, and only one set of global resources. It is important to work together on satellite navigation. Competing and cooperation is like Yin and Yang. They need to be balanced," stated Dr. Charles M. Vest, President of the National Academy of Engineering, in the workshop's opening remarks. Global Navigation Satellite Systems covers the objectives of the workshop, which explore issues of enhanced interoperability and interchangeability for all civil users aimed to consider collaborative efforts for countering the global threat of inadvertent or illegal interference to GNSS signals, promotes new applications for GNSS, emphasizing productivity, safety, and environmental protection. The workshop featured presentations chosen based on the following criteria: they must have relevant engineering/technical content or usefulness; be of mutual interest; offer the opportunity for enhancing GNSS availability, accuracy, integrity, and/or continuity; and offer the possibility of recommendations for further actions and discussions. Global Navigation Satellite Systems is an essential report for engineers, workshop attendees, policy makers, educators, and relevant government agencies. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary of the Workshop--As Reported by Grace Xingxin Gao Address at the Opening Ceremony of the NAE-CAE Joint Workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)--Zhou Ji Introductory Remarks--Charles M. Vest WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS Development of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System--Ran Chengqi U.S. GPS Policy, Programs, and International Cooperation Activities--David A. Turner Research Report on GNSS Interoperability--Lu Xiaochun, Lu Jun, Bai Yan, Han Tao, and Wang Xue The Interchangeability Problem: Signals, Coordinate Frames, and Time--Rita M. Lollock, Thomas D. Powell, and Thomas A. Stansell COMPASS/BeiDou Coordinate and Time Reference Systems--Yang Yuanxi, Tang Jing, and Han Chunhao A Global Safety of Life Service from Multiple GNSS Constellations--Per Enge Monitoring and Assessment of GNSS Open Services--Jiao Wenhai, Ding Qun, Li Jian-wen, Lu Xiaochun, and Feng Laiping Alternative Position, Navigation, and Timing: The Need for Robust Radionavigation--Mitchell J. Narins, Leo V. Eldredge, Per Enge, Sherman C. Lo, Michael J. Harrison, and Randy Kenagy Analysis of the GNSS Augmentation Technology Architecture--Chen Jinping Impact of Intentional, Low Power, In-Band, Personal Privacy Devices (PPDs) on Aviation--A.J. Van Dierendonck GNSS Open Signals Interference Issues and Countermeasures--Du Xiaodong, Wang Feixue, and Nie Junwei Present and Future Applications of COMPASS Navigation Satellite System--Tan Shusen Application of GNSS to Environmental Studies--Penina Axelrad Recent Progress on GNSS Seismology--Liu Jingnan, Fang Rongxin, and Shi Chuang Precision Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges--Michael O'Connor Integrity Lessons from the WAAS Integrity Performance Panel--Todd Walter, Per Enge, and Bruce DeCleene Breaking the Ice: Navigation in the Arctic--Grace Xingxin Gao, Liang Heng, Todd Walter, and Per Enge APPENDIXES Workshop attendees [photo] Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Workshop Summary Record Appendix C: Biographical Information Appendix D: Acronyms

The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technology-power grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomalies-are well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood. Less well documented and understood, however, are the potential economic and societal impacts of the disruption of critical technological systems by severe space weather. This volume, an extended four-color summary of the book, Severe Space Weather Events-Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts, addresses the questions of space weather risk assessment and management. The workshop on which the books are based brought together representatives of industry, the government, and academia to consider both direct and collateral effects of severe space weather events, the current state of the space weather services infrastructure in the United States, the needs of users of space weather data and services, and the ramifications of future technological developments for contemporary society's vulnerability to space weather. The workshop concluded with a discussion of un- or underexplored topics that would yield the greatest benefits in space weather risk management. Table of Contents Front Matter Extended Summary THE SOCIETAL CONTEXT THE IMPACT OF SPACE WEATHER SPACE WEATHER INFRASTRUCTURE UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SEVERE SPACE WEATHER

Since the 1990s, the pace of discovery in the field of solar and space physics has accelerated, largely owing to NASA investments in its Heliophysics Great Observatory fleet of spacecraft. These enable researchers to investigate connections between events on the Sun and in the space environment by combining multiple points of view. Recognizing the importance of observations of the Sun-to-Earth system, the National Research Council produced a solar and space physics decadal survey in 2003, laying out the Integrated Research Strategy. This strategy provided a prioritized list of flight missions, plus theory and modeling programs, that would advance the relevant physical theories, incorporate those theories in models that describe a system of interactions between the Sun and the space environment, obtain data on the system, and analyze and test the adequacy of the theories and models. Five years later, this book measures NASA's progress toward the goals and priorities laid out in the 2003 study. Unfortunately, very little of the recommended priorities will be realized before 2013. Mission cost growth, reordering of survey mission priorities, and unrealized budget assumptions have delayed nearly all of the recommended NASA spacecraft missions. The resulting loss of synergistic capabilities in space will constitute a serious impediment to future progress. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction and Background 2 Assessment 3 Recommendations Appendixes Appendix A: Letter of Request from NASA Appendix B: Committee and Staff Biographical Information

Why did support for the space program decrease so sharply after (or, really, even before) the first moon landing? Clearly this decline had much to do with the waning of the original Cold War impetus that had sparked the moon program to begin with. As Cold War tensions with the Soviets eased by the late 1960s, and the United States won the space race with the successful moon landing, there was little incentive to continue to expand or even maintain steady funding for a program that, for all its real contributions to technological advancement, entertainment, and national esteem, had largely come to be seen as a Cold War goal rather than a continuing, sustained program of space exploration. In this context, which a good number of Americans accepted, the moon was not a starting point for a glorious era of exploration, but an endpoint in a Cold War race with the Soviets. Unusual works on space history, this fluidly written debut book looks at the Apollo moon landings in the late 1960s and early 1970s from a cultural perspective. Rather than examining them in their familiar Cold War context, Matt Tribbe uses them to explore larger trends in American culture and society during this period, specifically the turn away from the rationalism that dominated social thought through the 1950s and early 1960s and found its fullest expression in the urge to go to the moon. Rather than studying the space program itself, he focuses more on the peculiarities of an American society and culture that sent men to the moon semiannually over the 1968-72 period, and then stopped. Hippies used the event to comment on the lameness of "straights," straights to lambast hippies. Intellectuals on the Left discussed it in their critiques of American society and culture; intellectuals on the Right discussed it in their critiques of intellectuals on the Left. Those who placed their faith in technocratic rationalism praised it as a triumph of rational planning, while growing numbers of skeptics pointed out the spiritual emptiness of such a rationalist endeavor. The "man in the street," of course, had something to say as well, and he or she expressed a wide variety of views in countless newspapers and television interviews. Meanwhile, armchair philosophers of all stripes, from newspaper editorialists to politicians to NASA technocrats, waxed poetically about what it revealed of "the nature of man" and "mankind's destiny." While not a traditional space history, this book will appeal to those fascinated by postwar culture and society and will particularly add to the growing area of the history of the 1970s.

For the first time in its 30-year history, the NASA Space Shuttle program is chronicled in precise detail, with a focus on the major aspects of the Space Shuttle History including: its successes, failures, and lessons learned. Using a series of personal anecdotes, Space Shuttle Legacy: How We Did It and What We Learned offers insights from many industry experts including: historians, political scientists, public administrators, engineers, and scientists giving readers the most complete account of the program. With this book, readers are given the most approachable and basic account of the long history of the Space Shuttle program. The authors intend this book to serve as a catalyst for additional study of the Space Shuttle and its legacy. Even though the program has ended, there is still limitless opportunity for scholars to explore the topic and assist space professionals in their future endeavours.

Previously available in Kindle format only, Launching Into Commercial Space chronicles the dawn of a fast-moving commercial space age in which initiative from the private sector is launching innovation into tomorrow. With the door closed on the Space Shuttle-era, the revolutionary commercial ""Space Billionaires"" of the 21st century are opening a new door. This is the story of the pioneers and private companies around the globe currently developing new spacecraft, planning futuristic spaceports, and seeking to offer a range of ""space travel"" services for all. Features the history, accomplishments, and future endeavors of: Paul Allen, Stratolaunch Systems, Jeff Bezos, Blue Origin, Robert Bigelow, Bigelow Aerospace, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic, John Carmack, Armadillo Aerospace, Elon Musk, Space X. Focuses on the companies expanding their commercial space activities, including: Alliant ATK, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Orbital Sciences Corporation, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Space X, Stratolauncher, Virgin Galactic.

A Vertical Empire provides a description of the British rocketry and space programme from the 1950s to 1970s, detailing the Medium Range Ballistic Missile Blue Streak and its conversion to a satellite launcher as part of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO). This extensively revised second edition includes material only made available in the past ten years and the text is supplemented by numerous photographs, sketches and statistics. The all-British satellite Black Arrow is described, as well as the research rocket Black Knight, the Blue Steel missile and the rocket powered interceptor aircraft.

Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems in Aerospace & Defense pulls together all of the systems and subsystems associated with gas turbine engines in aircraft and marine warship applications. The subject of engine (fuel) control has undergone major changes in the past 20 years due to the advent of the digital electronic control technology and therefore existing books on the subject are typically out of date with current methods. Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems in Aerospace & Defense discusses the latest technologies in this area; including marine propulsion which is an emerging application area for the technology that involves some interesting modifications to aviation technologies. This book also fits well into the systems engineering focus of the Aerospace Series.Includes chapters on aircraft engine systems functional overview, marine propulsion systems, fuel control and power management systems, engine lubrication and scavenging systems, nacelle and ancillary systems, engine certification, unique engine systems and future developments in gas turbine propulsion systemsIncludes case studies of specific enginesIncludes applications within marine defenceAccompanied by a book companion website featuring full colour images

The key to opening the use of space to private enterprise and to broader public uses lies in reducing the cost of the transportation to space. More routine, affordable access to space will entail aircraft-like quick turnaround and reliable operations. Currently, the space Shuttle is the only reusable launch vehicle, and even parts of it are expendable while other parts require frequent and extensive refurbishment. NASA's highest priority new activity, the Reusable Launch Vehicle program, is directed toward developing technologies to enable a new generation of space launchers, perhaps but not necessarily with single stage to orbit capability. This book assesses whether the technology development, test and analysis programs in propulsion and materials-related technologies are properly constituted to provide the information required to support a December 1996 decision to build the X-33, a technology demonstrator vehicle; and suggest, as appropriate, necessary changes in these programs to ensure that they will support vehicle feasibility goals. Table of Contents FRONT MATTER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PRIMARY VEHICLE STRUCTURE 3 REUSABLE CRYOGENIC TANK SYSTEM 4 THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM 5 PROPULSION 6 CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS A LIST OF PARTICIPANTS B BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS C LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

The aerospace community has long recognized and repeatedly emphasizes the importance of reliability for space systems. Despite this, little has been published in book form on the topic. "Spacecraft Reliability and Multi-state Failures" addresses this gap in the literature, offering a unique focus on spacecraft reliability based on extensive statistical analysis of system and subsystem anomalies and failures.

The authors provide new results pertaining to spacecraft reliability based on extensive statistical analysis of on-orbit anomaly and failure data that will be particularly useful to spacecraft manufacturers and designers, for example in guiding satellite (and subsystem) test and screening programs and providing an empirical basis for subsystem redundancy and reliability growth plans. The authors develop nonparametric results and parametric models of spacecraft and spacecraft subsystem reliability and multi-state failures, quantify the relative contribution of each subsystem to the failure of the satellites thus identifying the subsystems that drive spacecraft unreliability, and propose advanced stochastic modeling and analysis tools for the reliability and survivability of spacecraft and space-based networks.

"Spacecraft Reliability and Multi-state Failures"provides new nonparametric results pertaining to spacecraft reliability based on extensive statistical analysis of on-orbit anomaly and failure data;develops parametric models of spacecraft and spacecraft subsystem reliability and multi-state failuresquantifies the relative contribution of each subsystem to the failure of the satellitesproposes advanced stochastic modeling and analysis tools for the reliability and survivability of spacecraft and space-based networks.provides a dedicated treatment of the reliability and subsystem anomalies of communication spacecraft in geostationary orbit.

This book documents the role played by USS Hornet (CVS-12) in the recovery of the Apollo 11 Command Module after its splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on 24 July 1969. The book covers a period of time leading up to the recovery of Apollo 11, from approximately 5 June – 24 July 1969, during which crewmen of USS Hornet plus specialised NASA and DoD space flight recovery units prepared for the recovery operation. Moon Men Return offers a detailed account of those preparations, drawn from both historical records and the personal memories of 80 men who served on board USS Hornet and directly participated in the recovery operation. The purpose of this book is to document for future generations the Navy’s role in the successful final phase of the historic flight of Apollo 11– the manned space flight which culminated in man’s first walk upon another celestial body, the moon. About the Authors Scott W. Carmichael is currently employed as the senior security and counterintelligence investigator for the Defence Intelligence Agency. He has accumulated a total of approximately 30 years of service with the Department of Defence. He lives with his wife and three children in Crofton, Maryland. John M. Wolfram is a childhood acquaintance of Mr. Carmichael. Mr. Wolfram served from 1967–1971 as a member of the Navy’s UnderWater Demolition Team 11 (UDT-11). On 24 July 1969, Mr. Wolfram served with the 12-man UDT detachment which participated in the recovery of Apollo 11 after it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean upon its return from the moon.

This critical study of NASA's space shuttle program provides an in-depth examination of the events, decisions, and policies that may have contributed to the horrific destruction of the shuttles Challenger and Columbia. It first traces the early development of NASA's shuttle program, specifically examining the problems associated with the designs of shuttles OV-099 (which was to become Challenger) and OV-102 (which was to become Columbia). The reader is then taken through a detailed look at the first successful flights made by Challenger and Columbia and the cancellation of top-secret Shuttle flight 51-C (which would have launched under nearly identical weather conditions as the ill-fated Challenger). An in-depth assessment of the shuttles' disastrous final launches follows, including detailed accounts of the post-flight search and rescue operations, the official investigations into each accident, and the impact of each disaster on the future of NASA's manned space program.

The Space Station Freedom program is the next major U.S. manned space initiative. It has as its objective the establishment of a permanently manned facility in low earth orbit. This book summarizes the main findings and recommendations of a workshop that examined the space station program with a view toward identifying critical engineering issues related to the design and operation of the station.

Modern Earth-orbiting satellites are sophisticated machines that have transformed all aspects of human civilization from communications and navigation to defense, to global monitoring and intelligent stewardship of our planet. ""Satellites"" examines the evolution of these spacecrafts from the speculative writings of visionaries in the 19th century to the incredibly sophisticated platforms that have transformed every aspect of modern life. Using space technology to convey fundamental principles of mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, and environmental science, ""Satellites"" has been carefully crafted to help students and teachers discover what Earth-orbiting spacecraft are, where they came from, how they work, and why they are so important. This approach will help students and teachers better appreciate science and engineering in a global context. Chapters include: From Sputnik 1 to Aura; How a Satellite Works; Satellites Come in All Shapes and Sizes; Military Satellites; Weather Satellites; Communication Satellites; Navigation Satellites; Satellites as Scientific Observatories; Fundamentals of Remote Sensing; Earth-Observing Spacecraft; and Earth System Science and Global Change.

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued a challenge: the United States would land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth before the end of the decade. It seemed like an impossible task and one that the Russians--who had launched the first satellite and put the first man into Earth orbit--would surely perform before us. The ingenuity, passion, and sacrifice of thousands of ordinary men and women, from all walks of life, enabled the space program to meet this extraordinary goal. In all, six crews would land on the moon before Congress withdrew financial backing for the program. This is the story of those men and women who worked behind the scenes, without fanfare or recognition, to make these missions a success. Thirty years later, they still speak of Apollo with pride, sometimes even awe. After Apollo moonwalker John Young told journalist Billy Watkins in a 1999 interview that "nobody knows anything about the people who helped make those flights so successful," Watkins made it his mission to identify the unsung heroes and learn their stories. His subjects include: BLJulian Scheer (NASA publicist): Argued for and won the inclusion of a television camera on Apollo 11, enabling Armstrong's walk on the moon to be broadcast and recorded for posterity. BLSonny Morea, lead designer of the Lunar Rover. BLHugh Brown, one of the few African Americans who worked on the Apollo program, helped monitor for Russian submarines trying to jam NASA communication during launches, and later went on to become head of the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta. BLJoAnn Morgan, launch control: One of the few women involved in the space program, Morgan was designated the "lightning specialist." Herknowledge was crucial when the Apollo 12 spacecraft was struck by lightning only seconds after liftoff, nearly causing an abort. She was one of the few specialists allowed in the "firing room" during liftoff. BLJoan Roosa, widow of Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart Roosa, talks about the sacrifices of the families and their devotion to "The Program." BLJoe Schmitt, veteran suit technician was responsible for making sure the suits were leak-proof and hooked up correctly--knowing any mistake would mean instant death in space. BLJoseph Laitin, who came up with the idea for the Apollo 8 astronauts to read the first ten verses of Genesis during their Christmas Eve television broadcast from the moon. BLClancy Hatelberg, the Navy diver, who plucked the first humans to walk on the moon from the Pacific Ocean after the Apollo 11 landing.

If by some magic process humanity was able to go to the stars tomorrow and find habitable worlds we would probably want to design a society based upon modern technology. We can't do this but we can look at our Earthbound society and think about how to redesign it so that it will work better. It is like a giant game of the SIMS but in the real world. This book examines how the exploration of space, specifically a commercial base on the Moon and Mars would transform our economies on the Earth as surely as the discovery of the New World transformed the old world of Europe. From Platinum Group Metals for fuel cells, manufacturing high tech metals and robots to the building of a fusion reactor, the Moon holds great promise for a high tech manufacturing future. This book takes a look and imagines how a world with such resources could be designed for our future.

" Access -- no single word better describes the primary concern of the exploration and development of space. Every participant in space activities -- civil, military, scientific, or commercial -- needs affordable, reliable, frequent, and flexible access to space. To Reach the High Frontier details the histories of the various space access vehicles developed in the United States since the birth of the space age in 1957. Each case study has been written by a specialist knowledgeable about the vehicle described and places each system in the larger context of the history of spaceflight. The technical challenge of reaching space with chemical rockets, the high costs associated with space launch, the long lead times necessary for scheduling flights, and the poor reliability of the rockets themselves show launch vehicles to be the space program's most difficult challenge.

Since the first rocket-technology experiments of the early 20th century, space exploration has captivated the world. Recent advances and setbacks have included the new discoveries from the Galileo mission, the Mars Global Surveyor's revelation that water once existed on the Red Planet, the International Space Station, the advent of space tourism, and the devastating Space Shuttle disasters. This one-stop guide to space exploration provides a wealth of information for student researchers. A substantial 'Chronology of Events' and a narrative history outline the key events and people in the progression of space research and activity. Five topical essays--including a look at the Space Shuttle--examine several significant issues related to the politics and technology of space exploration from an international perspective. These chapters elucidate several sets of documents that give shape and substance to the larger story. Primary documents in this volume are organized by theme and represent the variety of materials available to anyone seeking a better understanding of the rise of space exploration. Also included are biographical sketches of key people associated with space flight, a listing of the human space flight missions undertaken since 1961, and an annotated bibliography of additional reading.

This conference which was originally planned as workshop took place on October 19 to 22, 1998 in St-Hubert, Montreal. The idea of a conference devoted to Space Robotics matured when two IFAC Technical Committees, Aerospace Control and Robotics decided to co-sponsor such an event. The final decision converged with technological maturity of Space Robotics itself. It became obvious that robotics is a unique but viable technology that can be used in Space exploration.
Robotics is the intelligent connection of perception to action. This broad definition of robotics encompasses both science and technology. In the early days, the changing technology in manufacturing was driving the development in robotics. New manufacturing technology required new, economical and efficient methods of production. Development was geared towards robots in the form of manipulators. In later years, the development was driven by demand in service industry, military and special applications. One of those special applications is related to Space and its exploration. The rapid development in Space related technologies brought forward questions about the need for automation technologies that would allow for operations in Space in an efficient and safe way. Some Space operations could not have possibly been done without extensive use of automation and especially robotics. There are numerous robotics meetings and conferences across the world but it became obvious that the meetings addressing particular problems in space robotics would be useful and helpful.
The Program Committee tried to include in conference presentations all specific fields of robotics that are important in Space applications. On manipulators' side, kinematics, manipulation, dexterity, sensors and control systems have been covered. On mobile robots' side new control techniques, telerobotics, nonholonomic systems, and trajectory planning have been considered. Also, applications and Space operations have been reviewed.
Altogether 30 papers were selected and accepted by the International Organizing Committee. Papers were presented in 8 sessions in three days. There were also three keynote speeches presented by invited speakers and three distinguished speakers to present keynote lectures on three separate occasions. Speakers were chosen in order to give a broad overview of space robotics activities in all involved countries. Participants came from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom and the USA.
In day 1, eight papers were presented in two sessions. Session 1 was related to Dextrous Robots and Session 2 to Mobile Robots (Part 1 and 2). Day 2 included a keynote speech on the topic of "Robotics and On-Board Autonomy: For What and How Far Can We Go?," followed by Session 3: Robot Controllers and Session 4: Vision Systems and Control. Day 3 consisted of 5 sessions, Session 5: Manipulation Control, Session 6: Kinematics, Session 7: Nonholonomic Systems, Session 8: Space Operation (Part 1 and Part 2).

This volume brings together the worlds most highly regarded scientists in the field of solid rocket propulsion. Thirty-nine papers present in-depth coverage on a wide range of topics including: advanced materials and nontraditional formulations; the chemical aspects of organic and inorganic components in relation to decomposition mechanisms, kinetics, combustion, and modeling; safety issues, hazards and explosive characteristics; and experimental and computational interior ballistics research, including chemical information and the physics of the complex flowfield.