Chemical physics and physical chemistry are closely related fields of study. Together they are distinguished from other disciplines by the incredible range of problems addressed by their practitioners. An effective physical chemist or chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades", able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. This book gathers research from around the world presenting important new developments.

This book presents recent research in Chemical and Biochemical physics. Chemical physics addresses a large range of problems. An effective chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades", able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. Biochemical Physics is a science that joins the three natural sciences biology, chemistry and physics into one comprehensive study. N.M. Emanuel pioneered this science over fifty years ago. This book presents papers, written by Emanuel's students, that reveal recent developments in this interesting field.

The contents included in this book are: Preface; Spin Probes for the Study of Intact and Cancer Cell Membranes; Sulphur as a Stabiliser of Polyvinylchloride; Universality of Free Energies Linearity Principle in Solution Chemistry; The KBr Action on the rate of H2O2 Decomposition in Alkaline Medium; Fireproof Materials containing Nanostructures: Principles of Formation; Fireproof Intumescent Coating Foamcoke Structure Regulation by Carbon Metal-containing Nanostructures; Upholstery Fire Barriers based on Natural Fibres; Structural Criterion on Change of a Kinetic Curves Type in the Process of a Thermooxidative Degradation; and Alternative View at the Universe. It also includes: Effect of the Cationic Polyelectrolyte Molecular Mass on the Flocculation Kinetics and the Efficiency of Polymer Precipitation from Latexes; Co-polymers with Cyclic Fragments in Dimethylsiloxane Backbone(O; Fractal Physics of the Polycondensation Processes; The Problem of Structural-Physical Organisation of Polymeric Non-Crystalline Phase; and Physical and Semi-Empirical Methods of Solvent Influence on Solute Behaviour.

Chemical Modeling equips the reader with the knowledge to understand the behaviour of solids, gases and liquids in terms of the basic properties of their atoms, molecules, and polymer chains. In particular the interactions between these fundamental building blocks and the intermolecular and intramolecular potentials are examined. Carefully structured, the book starts by the discussion of classical, quantum and statistical mechanics which then leads on to a discussion of modeling techniques applied to solids, gases and liquids. The subject is brought to life through many real life examples and practical illustrations. Features

• Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are both introduced from a basic level
• Explains the relationships between microscopic and macroscopic quantities
• Gives an up-to-date treatment of a variety of chemical modeling techniques
• Avoids unnecessary mathematical rigour
• Carefully structured into ‘bite-sized’ chapters

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis: Radiation Physics and Detectors, Volume One, and Radioanalytical Applications, Volume Two, Fourth Edition, is an authoritative reference on the principles, practical techniques and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity - everything from the very low levels encountered in the environment, to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities, and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. It includes sample preparation techniques for all types of matrices found in the environment, including soil, water, air, plant matter and animal tissue, and surface swipes. Users will find a detailed discussion of our current understanding of the atomic nucleus, nuclear stability and decay, nuclear radiation, and the interaction of radiation with matter relating to the best methods for radionuclide detection and measurement.

Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) describes the quantum dynamics of interacting electronic many-body systems formally exactly and in a practical and efficient manner. TDDFT has become the leading method for calculating excitation energies and optical properties of large molecules, with accuracies that rival traditional wave-function based methods, but at a fraction of the computational cost. This book is the first graduate-level text on the concepts and applications of TDDFT, including many examples and exercises, and extensive coverage of the literature. The book begins with a self-contained review of ground-state DFT, followed by a detailed and pedagogical treatment of the formal framework of TDDFT. It is explained how excitation energies can be calculated from linear-response TDDFT. Among the more advanced topics are time-dependent current-density-functional theory, orbital functionals, and many-body theory. Many applications are discussed, including molecular excitations, ultrafast and strong-field phenomena, excitons in solids, van der Waals interactions, nanoscale transport, and molecular dynamics.

This book addresses the issue of non-linear problems that have dominated the forefront of physics. To analyse these problems, it is necessary to develop mathematical methods to match new concepts. In this connection, for the first time in a long time, the same key notions have attracted the attention of physicists and mathematicians. This book discusses how the role of such excitations in essentially non-linear systems is similar to that of harmonic oscillations and waves in linear physical models.

This book presents significant research on antioxidants for chemistry and biology, kinetics and mechanisms of molecular, radical and ion reactions in chemistry and biochemistry, chemistry of ozone (reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds, action of antiozonants), application of electron magnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance in chemistry and biology, investigations of the structure and properties of nanocomposites (nanotubes, particularly), investigations on the structure and properties of nanocomposites (nanotubes, particularly), investigations of heterogeneous-heterophases mechanisms of reaction in polymer matrix, preparation and using of organic papanagnets for investigation of radical reactions in chemistry and biology, investigation of kinetic parameters in biochemical reactions, new designs for processing, mechanisms of oxidation and stabilisation of organic compounds (including polymers), polymer blends, composites and filled polymers (preparation, properties and application), and information about genetic construction, reactions with participants of enzymes.

Physical Chemistry is a difficult and diversified subject. Based on a good long spell of university teaching, this book lays emphasis on the structure and continuity of the whole subject and tries to show the relation of its various parts to one another. Certain themes or, one might almost say, leitmotifs run through physical chemistry, and these have been used to unify the composition. The treatment is neither historical nor formally deductive, but at each stage the author tries to indicate the route by which an inquiring mind might most simply and naturally proceed in its attempt to understand that part of the nature of things included in physical chemistry.

The latest edition of the leading forum in chemical physics

Edited by Nobel Prize winner Ilya Prigogine and renowned authority Stuart A. Rice, the Advances in Chemical Physics series provides a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations in every area of the discipline. In a format that encourages the expression of individual points of view, experts in the field present comprehensive analyses of subjects of interest. Volume 125 covers a wide range of subjects, with significant, up-to-date chapters by internationally recognized researchers. The editors collect innovative papers on "Finite Size Scaling for Atomic and Molecular Systems," "Control of Quantum Dynamics by Laser Pulses–Adiabatic Floquet Theory," "Recent Advances in the Theory of Vibration-Rotation Hamiltonians," and several other related topics. Advances in Chemical Physics remains the premier venue for presentations of new findings in its field.

This new volume presents leading-edge research in the rapidly changing and evolving field of chemical materials characterization and modification. The topics in the book reflect the diversity of research advances in physical chemistry and electrochemistry, focusing on the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymers and high-density materials. Also covered are various manufacturing techniques. Focusing on the most technologically important materials being utilized and developed by scientists and engineers, the book will help to fill the gap between theory and practice in industry. This comprehensive anthology covers many of the major themes of physical chemistry and electrochemistry, addressing many of the major issues, from concept to technology to implementation. It is an important reference publication that provides new research and updates on a variety of physical chemistry and electrochemistry uses through case studies and supporting technologies, and it also explains the conceptual thinking behind current uses and potential uses not yet implemented. International experts with countless years of experience lend this volume credibility.

Acids and bases are ubiquitous in chemistry. Our understanding of them, however, is dominated by their behaviour in water. Transfer to non-aqueous solvents leads to profound changes in acid-base strengths and to the rates and equilibria of many processes: for example, synthetic reactions involving acids, bases and nucleophiles; isolation of pharmaceutical actives through salt formation; formation of zwitter- ions in amino acids; and chromatographic separation of substrates. This book seeks to enhance our understanding of acids and bases by reviewing and analysing their behaviour in non-aqueous solvents. The behaviour is related where possible to that in water, but correlations and contrasts between solvents are also presented. Fundamental background material is provided in the initial chapters: quantitative aspects of acid-base equilibria, including definitions and relationships between solution pH and species distribution; the influence of molecular structure on acid strengths; and acidity in aqueous solution. Solvent properties are reviewed, along with the magnitude of the interaction energies of solvent molecules with (especially) ions; the ability of solvents to participate in hydrogen bonding and to accept or donate electron pairs is seen to be crucial. Experimental methods for determining dissociation constants are described in detail. In the remaining chapters, dissociation constants of a wide range of acids in three distinct classes of solvents are discussed: protic solvents, such as alcohols, which are strong hydrogen-bond donors; basic, polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide; and low-basicity and low polarity solvents, such as acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. Dissociation constants of individual acids vary over more than 20 orders of magnitude among the solvents, and there is a strong differentiation between the response of neutral and charged acids to solvent change. Ion-pairing and hydrogen-bonding equilibria, such as between phenol and phenoxide ions, play an increasingly important role as the solvent polarity decreases, and their influence on acid-base equilibria and salt formation is described.

Under the leadership of Professor Zaikov, the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences has become one of the world's leading centres for studies of polymeric materials - in use, during processing, and in harsh environments. The Institute's focus is on commercially available materials and their modifications to improve performance through advanced theoretical analysis and implementation of experimental results. The selected papers from the Institute collated here have been incorporated into five sections - stabilization and degradation, biochemistry, photochemistry, rheology, and flame retardency - and should provide valuable background to producers of polymeric materials.

The Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics introduces possibly unfamiliar areas, explains important experimental and computational techniques, and describes modern endeavors. The encyclopedia quickly provides the basics, defines the scope of each subdiscipline, and indicates where to go for a more complete and detailed explanation. Particular attention has been paid to symbols and abbreviations to make this a user-friendly encyclopedia. Care has been taken to ensure that the reading level is suitable for the trained chemist or physicist.
The encyclopedia is divided in three major sections:
FUNDAMENTALS: the mechanics of atoms and molecules and their interactions, the macroscopic and statistical description of systems at equilibrium, and the basic ways of treating reacting systems. The contributions in this section assume a somewhat less sophisticated audience than the two subsequent sections. At least a portion of each article inevitably covers material that might also be found in a modern, undergraduate physical chemistry text.
METHODS: the instrumentation and fundamental theory employed in the major spectroscopic techniques, the experimental means for characterizing materials, the instrumentation and basic theory employed in the study of chemical kinetics, and the computational techniques used to predict the static and dynamic properties of materials.
APPLICATIONS: specific topics of current interest and intensive research.
For the practicing physicist or chemist, this encyclopedia is the place to start when confronted with a new problem or when the techniques of an unfamiliar area might be exploited. For a graduate student in chemistry or physics, the encyclopedia gives a synopsis of the basics and an overview of the range of activities in which physical principles are applied to chemical problems. It will lead any of these groups to the salient points of a new field as rapidly as possible and gives pointers as to where to read about the topic in more detail.

This book presents the main principles and methods of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, a topic studied by both chemists and physicists. It is written for graduate students and scientists who already have knowledge of basic equilibrium statistical mechanics and who are interested in the more complex field of time-dependent nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.

In 1925 Einstein predicted that at low temperatures particles in a gas could all reside in the same quantum state. This gaseous state, a Bose-Einstein condensate, was produced in the laboratory for the first time in 1995 and investigating such condensates is one of the most active areas in contemporary physics. The authors of this graduate-level textbook explain this exciting new subject in terms of basic physical principles, without assuming detailed prior knowledge. Chapters cover the statistical physics of trapped gases, atomic properties, cooling and trapping atoms, interatomic interactions, structure of trapped condensates, collective modes, rotating condensates, superfluidity, interference phenomena, and trapped Fermi gases. Problem sets are also included.