The aim of this book is to provide illustrations of ways in which psychoanalytic ideas can be adapted and used in a wide variety of community settings - including social services, schools and hospitals - to help children and families who are emotionally disturbed or who have been physically or sexually abused. It is a book for professionals who are interested in using psychoanalytic ideas in their own work settings, and assumes no previous knowledge of these ideas on the part of the reader. It provides basic principles, many practical examples, further reading, and information about where to get support and consultation.

This collection provides a guide to the legal requirements surrounding children's rights. The book discusses the practicalities and problems of listening to the child in educational, social and health settings.

The traditional notion of the well meaning but ignorant parent who hands over her problem child to the professional expert to wave a trained magic wand and produce a cure, has recently come in for much criticizm. It is now recognised that parents' intimate and special knowledge of their children is an important and useful aid to the treatment of children with a wide range of disorders. Many professionals working with special needs acknowledge this but find it hard to make the changes in attitude and practice necessary to make a partnership with parents actually happen. Naomi Dale's guidelines aim to help professionals at all levels of development to adapt and enhance their methods to the needs of current legislation and contemporary best practice. Many different aspects of working in partnership with parents are presented and the book contains exercises that can either be worked through by the individual, or be used in in-service development courses. The book should be helpful to all professionals involved with special needs, especially educational psychologists, clinical/child psychologists, social workers, preschool/home counsellors and health visitors.

This new updated and expanded edition challenges many widely held views on the links between poverty and child health. It brings together new evidence, both historical and current, and considers the practical implications for health and social policy, outlining innovative approaches to future development. Poverty and Child Health is vital reading for paediatricians and child health workers, doctors and health service managers, social service professionals, social scientists and everyone with an interest in shaping health and social policy.

As we approach the year 2000, infant mortality rates, child placement dilemmas, and appropriate socialization of children continue to challenge the field of child welfare. It is thus especially significant to reflect on the history of child welfare. The carefully selected topics explored in this volume underscore the importance of recovering past events and themes still relevant. It is the aim of this volume to illumine current issues by a review of past struggles and problems.

A History of Child Welfare offers many examples of practices that have direct import for those who struggle to support children. Who is not bothered by what seem to be increasing acts of violence by children against children? The role of hidden cruelty to children in perpetuating violence is illuminated by studying the past. Historians and social researchers have gone far in examining the family, and by implication, their revelations greatly increase society's complex responses to children over time from early assumptions that children were little more than miniature adults to the discovery of childhood as a special developmental period.

At the start of this century women still did not have universal suffrage and brutal child labor was not unusual. Harsh legal codes separating the races were widespread, and those bent on improving the lot of children knew that reform meant commitment to an uphill struggle. By the end of the century, much has changed: child labor, while still present, has been outlawed in most industries, women vote and hold many high offices; and de jure racial segregation is largely a memory. Yet the state of children remains precarious, with poverty a persistent theme throughout the century.

The fifteen articles in this volume cover a wide range of social conditions, public policies, and approaches to problem solving. Though history does not repeat itself precisely, problems, controversies about solutions, and certain themes do. A History of Child Welfare takes up social and economic conditions that correlate with increasing rates of child abuse and neglect, and an increasing number of children in out-of-home care. This volume distinguishes approaches that have been useful from those that have failed. In this way, these serious reflections help build on past successes and avoid previous errors.

First published in 1999, this work draws together a multi-national collection of papers, and aims to stimulate the development of policy and practice in this often neglected area. It aims to offer examples of good social work practice, informed by relevant theoretical insights; to give a voice to kinship foster carers and young people so that practice can be informed by an understanding of their experience; to share the results of current research; to highlight issues for policy makers; and to place the issues in the wider international context of developing social policy, ideology and social change. There are contributions from the UK, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, the US and New Zealand.

A new type of childhood is experienced these days by many children in industrial societies that provide child care services. The studies summarized in this book stem from a conceptual model based on an ecological approach to the study of development. The family day care system in Israel is presented as a "case study" for the discussion of issues derived from this conceptual model -- issues which are of central concern to the investigation of child care in any society.
This book establishes how historical and socio-economic processes:
*influence the values and goals set by the society for its children, and its social policy concerning child care service;
*are interpreted by parents and early childhood educators;
*relate to different definitions of "quality care."
Unique in its integrative analysis of the daily experiences of infants and toddlers in family day care, this volume examines cultural and social policy issues, family background and parental beliefs, caregiver's background and beliefs, the nature of the child care environment, and the child's personal characteristics.
Its "theoretical" and "applied" orientation is important to researchers interested in the study of out-of-home-care for young children, as well as educators, developmental psychologists, sociologists, and social workers interested in the study of environmental influences on the child development. The ecological model and the applied implications of the study are of special relevance to practitioners in the field of early childhood.

Here are practical ideas and help for dealing with problems of sexuality in residential treatment settings. On a day-to-day level, difficulties can arise from the need for child care workers to maintain caring and personal relationships with children in the face of the children's and their own sexuality. Children themselves also may have difficulties in properly expressing their sexuality. The Management of Sexuality in Residential Treatment examines a broad range of problems that often occur and describes several treatment programs and strategies for coping with incidents of abuse or alleged abuse.Chapters in the book address issues pertinent for professionals working with children in residential treatment. Authors cover topics such as: residents'needs for love versus sexuality the impact of sexually stimulating materials erotic countertransference in a residential treatment center survey of minor sex problems in the milieu and how to respond to them personal relationships between residents and staffThe book also describes two treatment programs for abused or abusing children. The first is an eight week multimodal therapeutic program for adolescent girls who have been sexually abused, the other a course for sexually abusive boys that includes counseling, sex education, and journal writing. The Management of Sexuality in Residential Treatment is a valuable resource for the staff of residential treatment centers, group homes, residential schools, and hospital pediatric units who wish to understand how to deal more effectively with issues of sexuality and the children for whom they care.

Recent residential care revelations, recent legislation and policy directions (The Children's Act, Community Care), and the introduction of training courses mean that residential care practice is under national focus. "The Handbook of Residential Care" addresses the particular problems experienced by residential staff by bringing together many areas of work, different jobs and responsibilities, in a variety of perspectives and settings and addresses the challenges they face. In this practical guide, the author has brought together a combination of real examples and case studies, analysis, guidance and reflective discussion to present a complete examination of working in a residential setting, both for the elderly and for children. John Burton examines the fundamentals of the work such as time management, keeping a diary, first contact with a new resident, creating the right environment, building relationships with children, and management styles. He also gives specific examples of the day-to-day running of a residential centre such as the instigation of a non-smoking policy and the management of bed times in children's residential care.

Recent residential care revelations, recent legislation and policy directions (The Children's Act, Community Care), and the introduction of training courses mean that residential care practice is under national focus. "The Handbook of Residential Care" addresses the particular problems experienced by residential staff by bringing together many areas of work, different jobs and responsibilities, in a variety of perspectives and settings and addresses the challenges they face. In this practical guide, the author has brought together a combination of real examples and case studies, analysis, guidance and reflective discussion to present a complete examination of working in a residential setting, both for the elderly and for children. John Burton examines the fundamentals of the work such as time management, keeping a diary, first contact with a new resident, creating the right environment, building relationships with children, and management styles. He also gives specific examples of the day-to-day running of a residential centre such as the instigation of a non-smoking policy and the management of bed times in children's residential care.

The Origins of UNICEF traces the history of the founding of the world's most well-known and often controversial relief aid organization for children. UNICEF modeled itself after several national organizations as well as some of the early twentieth-century transnational and international relief aid organizations, catering to a clientele that many observers claimed would be impossible to resist or ignore. In only a few years, UNICEF's programs provided relief aid to millions of children in locations around the globe, but the atmosphere of post-war cooperation, quickly supplanted by Cold War tensions, caused UNICEF's efforts to be scrutinized lest they be too closely aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Bloc. UNICEF remains one of the most highly regarded and effective child relief-aid organizations in the world. The story of its founding and its first years as an aid organization provide insight into how an international, apolitical, philanthropic organization must maneuver through political and cultural tensions in order to achieve its goal of mitigating human suffering.

What can we learn from inquiries into cases of fatal child abuse? Beyond Blame offers a new way of looking at such cases and show that it is possible to draw important lessons from them. The authors, all three experienced in child protection work, summarise thirty-five major inquiries since 1973, setting them in their social context and discussing the implications both for practical work in the field and for future inquiries.
They stress the need for those who work day to day in child protection to develop and apply a more sophisticated level of analysis to assessment and intervention. They identify common themes within abusing families, in the relationships between members of the professional networks, and in the interactions between the families and the professionals.

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Over the past 20 years, the growing shortage of adoptable infants in Britain and the United States has resulted in a number of couples acquiring their family from abroad, yet the effort needed to acquire such a child from another country is enormous. So what exactly are the costs, hazards and emotional difficulties involved, and why do some couples feel that this is their only chance of becoming adoptive parents? "Inter-Country Adoption" charts the experiences of eight couples who between them have adopted eleven children from South America, India and Sri Lanka who ranged in age from four months to seven years. The main emphasis of these first-hand accounts is on the events leading up to the decision to adopt from abroad and on the obstacle course which followed and which involved dealing with the authorities in Britain and in the child's country of origin. The final two chapters are by an academic social worker and a parliamentary campaigner who examine the legal and ethical considerations of inter-country adoption.

Child care is an integral part of the web of influences and experiences that shape children's development. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach that covers both historic and economic contexts, this unique book characterizes child care in 18 countries on five continents. Specific historical roots and the current social contexts of child care are delineated in industrialized as well as in developing countries. To increase the depth of crosscultural analysis and integration, commentators from countries and disciplines other than the authors comment on the issues raised in each chapter.

This title was first published in 2000: This text provides international perspectives on examples of best practice in child welfare and proposes organizational structures and policies to support this practice. Practice innovations span the range of child welfare services, including prevention, protection and out-of-family care. The contributors describe the child welfare context in each of their particular jurisdictions, producing an addition to the literature comparing child welfare in different countries. Moreover, existing books on the subject are primarily descriptive and examine overall child welfare legislation and policy. The work adopts an analytical approach, proposing policies and focusing on the largely unexamined topic of excellence in child welfare practice.

This title was first published in 2002: In recent years there has been a trend among young people across Europe towards remaining longer in their parental homes. Many reasons have been suggested for this change in demographic patterns, but Teresa Jurado Guerrero's study of France and Spain represents the first in-depth cross-national analysis of this important social and economic issue. The book provides systematic comparisons of living arrangements at cross-national, cross-regional and individual levels and examines the results of two large-scale national surveys. It investigates the relevance of young people's employment situations, social policies related to youth, national and regional housing markets and family norms, and identifies policy measures which would encourage early home-leaving and family formation. The book exposes the existence and effects of different national and individual strategies surrounding the process of becoming socially independent, and offers unique insights into an issue of key relevance for parents, young people, researchers and policy makers.

Published in 1996, this book advocates and persuasively exemplifies a qualitative sociology of childhood, spoken repeatedly through children's voices. After a long period of dormancy, interest in the sociology of childhood became a focus of attention and scholarly interest. Developments in practice by professionals working and learning in the fields of welfare, education, and youth and community studies have been paralleled by the emergence of specialist courses within sociology degrees. Yet the challenges raised by the sociology of childhood remain marginalised within the social sciences more generally. A Case of Neglect? provides an accessible reader and review of the field. Heard wherever possible through children's and young people's voices, it provides a penetrating insight into their understandings and experiences of their own and adults' worlds. It also provides a readable and absorbing review of qualitative applications in the sociology of childhood, and a counter to the common reliance on evidence derived from quantitative approaches. The fieldwork applications range across the often hidden worlds of children's and young people's involvement in prostitution, their experience of abuse, black children's experiences of social services, children's school cultures, naturist children and childlessness. Always arresting and sometimes poignant, A Case of Neglect? works towards a sociology which is both of and for childhood. This book was originally published as part of the Cardiff Papers in Qualitative Research series edited by Paul Atkinson, Sara Delamont and Amanda Coffey. The series publishes original sociological research that reflects the tradition of qualitative and ethnographic inquiry developed at Cardiff. The series includes monographs reporting on empirical research, edited collections focussing on particular themes, and texts discussing methodological developments and issues.

This title was first published in 2002. The field of child and youth care is under increasing pressure to optimize its mission: to deliver high quality support and to help children, parents and families in need of care. Two questions have arisen in many countries in the face of this pressure: the professional quality of childcare and the participant quality of childcare. These issues have traditionally been discussed separately; this unique book brings them together for an enlightening discussion. Examining the possible antagonism of childcare workers operating as professionals and clients participating as fully engaged partners, the book brings to light a new vision on developments and research in the field and informs the reader on recent findings. The expertise of the contributors makes this a truly valuable read for practitioners, policy makers, researchers and students in the field of child and youth care.

This book exposes the role of children in war, describing where, why, and how children are deployed, the attempts made by international organizations to protect children, and the underlying political and cultural issues that make this such a thorny issue. In conflict-torn countries such as Myanmar and Uganda, the use of child soldiers in military and paramilitary operations continues to occur despite widespread condemnation and the efforts of organizations such as the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. This book will allow readers to grasp the impact of this issue for both individuals and nations worldwide. Child Soldiers: A Reference Handbook traces the evolution of child soldiers from approximately 1940 onwards, covering important historical to modern conflicts. The subject is discussed from a global perspective, with particular attention given to areas where the use of child soldiers is most prevalent. The book covers the complex underlying reasons for the continued use of child soldiers in the modern world, examines the political and psychological consequences of using children-both male and female-in military and paramilitary organizations, and describes how this subject has been addressed by international law and various human rights organizations. A chronology of major events in the efforts to limit the use of child soldiers Biographical sketches of famous child soldiers and key figures in the effort to ban the use of child soldiers A directory of organizations involved in the child soldier issue

This collection of articles, first published in 1991, attempts to describe life in the suburbs from diverse vantage points, to evoke a feeling of what life is like for some of the children and their families living in these communities and to demonstrate the practice and value of group work within this context. This title will be of interest to students of social work, sociology and urban studies.

The desire for our children to be free from want and danger and to be able to enjoy their youth in innocence would seem to be universal. Conventional wisdom says that parents in every socio-economic level of society share the dream of preserving their children's innocence. All want to provide a childhood and adolescence that shelters and protects children from the harshness of life and nurtures them until they are able to withstand the onslaught of reality. One need only look at troubled areas of the world, such as Northern Ireland, parts of the Middle East, or any number of other points on the globe, to see how weak is any communion forged out of these universal desires for the welfare of children. Even in the United States, the competition of ideas and values about what represents the "good" society in which to raise our children is fierce-as are differing views about the value of innocence and even life itself. These differing ideas and values affect people's actions even when they have never reflected on them, or have never cared enough to formulate those values into a coherent worldview. Crouse contends that without morals, children are at risk. Moral boundaries, not moral relativism, provide a safe haven for children by preserving their innocence and protecting them from predators and pedophiles. When authentic religious faith has been quashed, children are no longer safe. When the underlying values are wrong, when there are no common values unifying a people, even the best programs and most honorable of intentions are doomed to failure. Well-intentioned programs and policies inevitably fail miserably without an undergirding moral foundation, as is documented by an abundance of data and the social trends in America today.

Violence sabotages development, both children's development and the development of the communities and neighbourhoods they rely on. There is abundant evidence of the deep and lasting harm that can be done. Violence breaks bodies and minds and exerts an insidious influence at every level. The effects are immediate but can also linger, damaging health, trust and capability, traveling through generations. This book argues that it is impossible to understand the violence in young children's lives or to respond to it adequately without considering how embedded it is within their physical surroundings. The relations of power that are the context for violence within households, within communities and beyond are often expressed through control over space and the material conditions of life. This book links the abstract concept of structural violence to the stark reality of personal harm, drawing on evidence from a range of disciplines and from countries throughout the global South. It explores the dynamics of cramped, insecure housing, poor water and sanitation, neglected neighbourhoods, forced evictions, cities that segregate the rich and the poor, landscapes of conflict and disaster, and discusses their implications for young children. An alternative approach to child protection is proposed, anchored in the actions of organized communities negotiating to challenge inequities, mend their environments and achieve security. There is a fundamental synergy between building community and protecting children. These are not separate agendas. A place that works for children works better for everyone else as well. This book will be essential reading for all those interested in young children in a global context, whether as child protection professionals, or those with a more general interest in children's rights issues or in cross cultural approaches to child development. It will also be of great interest to students and researchers of development studies, conflict studies, family studies, child development, public health and urban planning.

Violence sabotages development, both children's development and the development of the communities and neighbourhoods they rely on. There is abundant evidence of the deep and lasting harm that can be done. Violence breaks bodies and minds and exerts an insidious influence at every level. The effects are immediate but can also linger, damaging health, trust and capability, traveling through generations. This book argues that it is impossible to understand the violence in young children's lives or to respond to it adequately without considering how embedded it is within their physical surroundings. The relations of power that are the context for violence within households, within communities and beyond are often expressed through control over space and the material conditions of life. This book links the abstract concept of structural violence to the stark reality of personal harm, drawing on evidence from a range of disciplines and from countries throughout the global South. It explores the dynamics of cramped, insecure housing, poor water and sanitation, neglected neighbourhoods, forced evictions, cities that segregate the rich and the poor, landscapes of conflict and disaster, and discusses their implications for young children. An alternative approach to child protection is proposed, anchored in the actions of organized communities negotiating to challenge inequities, mend their environments and achieve security. There is a fundamental synergy between building community and protecting children. These are not separate agendas. A place that works for children works better for everyone else as well. This book will be essential reading for all those interested in young children in a global context, whether as child protection professionals, or those with a more general interest in children's rights issues or in cross cultural approaches to child development. It will also be of great interest to students and researchers of development studies, conflict studies, family studies, child development, public health and urban planning.

Primarily intended for the professional child and youth care worker, this new book challenges the most basic methods and beliefs of contemporary practice. Written in the form of a novel, the central issues of child care are brought to life through the subjective experiences of a young practitioner. Each issue and experience is analyzed through the dialogues between the practitioner and his supervisor. As the story unfolds, the reader is invited to reconsider many of the most fundamental and time-tested assumptions that lie at the heart of child and youth care. One by one, the layers of professionalism are peeled back to reveal the essence of it all--the practitioner's own sense of self. This results in the inevitable conclusion that personal and professional development are inextricably interrelated. From this perspective, it becomes clear how current trends in training and practice often provide a tragic formula for methods that focus upon the control of the youngster and result in the breakdown of relationships and the burnout of the practitioner.Being in Child Care: A Journey Into Self uses the experiences of everyday life to establish themes and draw conclusions. As the story moves from the drama and minutiae of life in a small residential treatment program to the broadest existential questions, the reader will explore his or her own personal experience. Since it can be understood at many different levels, this book will appeal to the student as much as to the seasoned practitioner. (Fewster says parents can read it too.)

The Children Act 1989 introduces the most radical changes to child care law for a generation. Eekelaar and Dingwall provide a concise, practical guide to the legislation for all professionals practising in this area. This book should be of interest to students and practitioners of social work, applied social studies, health visiting, and law.