Hidden Hands focuses on a specific and neglected area of contemporary child welfare; that of children's paid work and labour. This book provides the first cross-cultural examination of children's productive activities, their relationship to children's broader social lives, and their implications for the child's education, welfare and well-being. The contributors look at the situation both here and overseas. They discuss issues including conflicts between schooling, education and work in the UK, child poverty, motivating children to work, children from ethnic minorities, the work and labour of children in industrialised countries and the situation in the US, Denmark, Germany and Russia.

The growth in the study of childhood encompasses anthropology, sociology, social policy and social work, as well as education. This book will be of use in all of these areas.

Adults are being incarcerated in the United States at an ever-escalating rate, and child welfare professionals are encountering growing numbers of children who have parents in prison. Current estimates indicate that as many as 1.5 million children have an incarcerated parent; many thousands of others have experienced the incarceration of a parent at some point in their lives. These vulnerable children face unique difficulties, and their growing numbers and special needs demand attention. Existing literature indicates that children whose parents are incarcerated experience a variety of negative consequences, particularly in terms of their emotional health and well being. They also may have difficult interactions or limited contact with their parents. There are also issues connected with their physical care and child custody. The many challenges facing the child welfare system as it attempts to work with this population are explored in Children with Parents in Prison. Topics covered include: "Supporting Families and Children of Mothers in Jail"; "Meeting the Challenge of Permanency Planning for Children with Incarcerated Mothers"; "The Impact of Changing Public Policy on Relatives Caring for Children with Incarcerated Parents"; "Legal Issues and Recommendations"; "Facilitating Parent-Child Contact in Correctional Settings"; "Earning Trust from Youths with None to Spare"; "Developing Quality Services for Offenders and Families"; and in closing, "Understanding the Forces that Influence Incarcerated Fathers' Relationships with Their Children." Children and families have long struggled with the difficulties created when a parent goes to prison. What is new is the magnitude of the problem. This volume calls for increased public awareness of the impact of parental incarceration on children. Its goal is to stimulate discussion about how to best meet the special needs of these children and families and how to provide a resource for the child welfare community as it responds to the growing numbers of children made vulnerable by their parents' incarceration. Cynthia Seymour is general counsel at the Child Welfare League of America in Washington, DC. Creasie Finney Hairston is dean and professor at Jane Addams College of Social Work, the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Whilst there is a wealth of literature on working with children and adolescents, very little focuses on those who are in residential or foster care. Psychotherapy with Young People in Care is a practical guide to working with this group from a psychoanalytic therapeutic perspective.
Drawing on the author's years of experience and illustrated with a wealth of clinical examples, as well as a comprehensive glossary, the book tackles those issues most relevant to those working with children and adolescents:
* the place of psychotherapy in residential/foster care
* ethical considerations: confidentiality and sexual abuse
* particular problems faced by young people: ADHD; trauma; PTSD.
This refreshing and valuable book is an essential teaching text for all those who work with young people in the care system, including child and adolescent psychotherapists, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and social workers.

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Children may be witnesses to crimes or accidents, or suspected victims of abuse or neglect, or they may be involved in some form of legal action such as custody cases. In these situations, they may need to be interviewed formally, and if this is not done properly, incorrect or inadequate information may be recorded or the child's position may not be correctly represented later in court. In cases of child abuse, the child may not be the only witness, and the quality of their verbal evidence is critical.
A Guide to Interviewing Children is a practical guide to the evidential interviewing techniques needed by a range of professionals: social workers, forensic psychologists, lawyers, police and teachers. It outlines basic techniques, explains how to deal with children of different ages (from pre-school to fifteen years), how to deal with parents, the particular issues of sexual abuse, handling multiple interviews of one child and so on. It is written for an international readership, and will be more practical and cover a broader range of contexts than the other titles currently available.

This unique and groundbreaking book seeks to re-focus gender debate onto the issue of daughter discrimination - a phenomenon still hidden and unacknowledged across the world.
It asks the controversial question of why millions of girls do not appear to be surviving to adulthood in contemporary Asia. In the first major study available of this emotive and sensitive issue, Elisabeth Croll investigates the extent of discrimination against female children in Asia and shifts the focus of attention firmly from son-preference to daughter-discrimination.
This book brings together demographic data and anthropological field studies to reveal the multiple ways in which girls are disadvantaged, from excessive child mortality to the withholding of health care and education on the basis of gender. Focusing especially on China and India, the book reveals the surprising coincidence of increasing daughter discrimination with rising economic development, declining fertility and the generally improved status of women in East and South Asia. Essential reading for all those interested in gender in contemporary society.
Case studies include:
* China
* Republic of Korea
* Taiwan
* Vietnam
* India
* Pakistan
* Bangladesh

The increasing number of 'missing girls' in much of South and East Asia provides the disturbing focus this key title. It is unique in it's positive attention to daughter discrimination in these regions, as opposed to the large body of existing literature which analyses preference for sons.
The complete story of these 'missing' daughters is assembled here for the first time from a range of material, most of it published elsewhere, assigning the book both originality and lasting value.
Endangered Daughters draws from two main channels of research:
a) demographic data looking at
* sex ratio's at birth
* excessive female infant and child mortality
* other forms of girlhood disadvantage
b) anthropological field studies articulating
* gendered values attached to children
* ideal family size
* ideal family composition
* gender roles within families Case studies include:
* China
* Republic of Korea
* Taiwan
* Vietnam
* India
* Pakistan
* Bangladesh.

This book provides an accessible engaging account of childcare policies in Britain and beyond. In examining the progress of women's initiatives and childcare, Marchbank considers subjects including: the history of childcare policy, particularly during the Second World War
childcare policy and women's economic activity across the EC
detailed case studies of policy making in practice
the covert and overt barriers to equality-based policy making
successful strategies and counter-strategies for policy makers and campaigners.

Childhood is ideally a time of safety, marked by freedom from the economic, sexual, and political demands that later become part of adult life. For many children, however, particularly those who live in our inner cities, childhood is increasingly a time of danger. In the urban war zones of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Washington, D.C., children grow up with firsthand knowledge of terror and violence. This book examines the threat to childhood development posed by living amid chronic community violence. Most importantly, it shows caregiving adults such as teachers, psychologists, social workers, and counselors how they can work together to help children while they are still children—before they become angry, aggressive adults.

Parenting: What Really Counts? examines the scientific evidence on what really matters for children's healthy psychological development.
The first section considers whether it is necessary to have two parents, a father present, parents who have a genetic link with their child, or parents who are heterosexual. Section two explores the psychological processes that underlie optimal development for children, particularly the quality of the child's relationship with parents, other family members and the wider social world. Contrary to common assumptions, Susan Golombok concludes that family structure makes little difference to children's day-to-day experiences of life.

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Children bereaved by the death of one parent at the hands of the other, almost always the father, in effect lose both parents. The children are then uprooted, losing their home and, quite often, their familiar routine and essential relationships. The combined effects of trauma, dislocation and loss are dramatic, but little has been written so far about such tragedies and the implications for everyone concerned in the future of affected children. The authors of "When Father Kills Mother" all have special experience of treating such children. They discuss the importance of debriefing children immediately after they have witnessed violence and indicate what therapeutic help will be of most value to both the children and their carers. They examine the legal aspect of the tragedy, not only the civil rights of children and their role as witnesses, but the role of social workers, guardians and courts as decision-makers for the children. Difficult practical problems are all considered from the children's point of view as the authors seek answers to such questions as: where should the children live?; how should their future be planned?; and should they see their fathers in prison?

Children bereaved by the death of one parent at the hands of the other, almost always the father, in effect lose both parents, and are often forgotten in the midst of such dramatic situations. Reflecting the increased interest in child protection and child law systems, this second edition of When Father Kills Mother brings to public knowledge, in amplified form information about the effects of psychological trauma and bereavement on children. By combining knowledge about bereavement with that of post-traumatic stress disorder, the book remains informative and essential reading for all those involved in the field, both professionally and personally.

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This book celebrates good practice in the area of early years and special needs by bringing together authors who are either practitioners or researchers, from a range of different and diverse early years settings including nurseries and units providing special provision. They describe their work with young children who have different and distinctive special needs and disabilities.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203134427

The number of street children in developed and developing nations is rising, often in the midst of prosperity. These original contributions study and compare the living conditions and educational experiences of homeless children in the United States, Brazil and Cuba. Because social policy and economic factors are central to these children's plights, Mickelson and her contributors employ a political economy perspective to examine the lives of the children and the educational and social programs - successful and unsuccessful - that are designed to serve them. The book examines formal and informal programs, compares and contrasts children's situations in each country, and offers policy recommendations. Throughout the book case studies are combined with recent statistical and demographic facts about each country.

Traditional models of childhood need reconstructing, especially as children become more active in negotiating the boundaries between themselves and adults. Wyness argues for new, more effective conceptions of childhood, derived from analysis of recent social policy. He interprets legislation and reveals that recent children acts and educational reform exhibit a strengthening of the socializing power of adults over children. Most importantly, this book challenges a prevalent underlying conception of children as 'lesser' or 'inferior' versions of adults, a flawed understanding that sill influences policy.

Recipient of Nasen Academic Book Award

'... this book should provide an appropriate complementary text for those with an interest in the roots and destinies of youngsters experiencing disadvantage, in order that its contents might influence their practice.' - Philip Garner, British Journal of Educational Studies

Recipient of Nasen Academic Book Award

'... this book should provide an appropriate complementary text for those with an interest in the roots and destinies of youngsters experiencing disadvantage, in order that its contents might influence their practice.' - Philip Garner, British Journal of Educational Studies

`The Publishers and the editor John Cunningham Wood are to be congratulated by historians of economic thought for making handily available such a wide range of articles.' - Scottish Journal of Political Economy

In this study, the author explains the inequalities that exist between U.S. states with respect to child social well-being outcomes by demonstrating that state level characteristics (which are structural in nature) can predict child social well-being outcomes. Child social well-being outcomes are quite variable in the United States. Children in states like Connecticut, Minnesota, and Vermont experience relatively good outcomes, while children in states like Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama experience poor outcomes. Although these inequalities suggest the need for strong federal child welfare policies to raise the well-being of all children to a minimum standard, such policies remain absent from the child welfare policy agenda.

Using data from the U.S. census and various child welfare and social welfare organizations, the study demonstrates that economic, population, and child welfare policy characteristics of states influence indicators of child social well-being, including child poverty rates, infant mortality rates, and out-of-home placement rates.

Contents:
1 The Consequences of Truancy 2.Types of Truants and Incidence 3.Types of Truancy 4.The Causes of Truancy: Social Perspectives 5.The Causes of Truancy: Psychological Indices 6.Educational Causes of Truancy 7.Government Initiatives 8.School Based Initiatives 9.Whole-School Approaches to Reducing Truancy 10. Improving School Attendance 11.Teachers, Teaching and Truancy 12.Tackling Truancy: Records of Achievement and Work Placement Schemes 13.OFSTED: Guidelines on Attendance and Truancy 14. Parents and Truancy 15.Education Welfare Service

In a world dominated by poverty, a central characteristic has been the plight of orphans and abandoned children. Over the centuries, State, Church and individuals have all attempted to tackle the issue, but can we trace any change over the course of time when it comes to the welfare system intended for these disadvantaged children and acts of philanthropy? What kind of social policies did States follow and what were the main differences between countries and regions? Drawing on historical evidence across several centuries and a range of European countries, the contributors to this volume provide a transnational overview.

Children need more than just good schooling: they require safe lives, good health, and sufficient resources to live and grow successfully in their community. This book makes this vital connection, as society must promote a quality education, available health services, and financial equity and opportunity for all.

In December 1982, the Centers for Disease Control received the first reports of cases of children with HIV/AIDS. Since that time, the child welfare system, as well as other human service organizations, have been coping with and responding to the crises of children and families living with HIV/AIDS, including the considerable number of children affected by AIDS through the illness of their parents, siblings, or other family members. This volume is intended as a resource for personnel within the child welfare field serving children and families whose lives are touched by HIV and AIDS. The contributors add insight to and fuel the discussion of the fight against AIDS. They provide tools to help better serve the children and adolescents that the current epidemic so tragically affects. Chapters and contributors include: "Factors Associated with Parents' Decision to Disclose Their HIV Diagnosis to Their Children" by Lori S. Wiener, Haven B. Battles, and Nancy E. Heilman; "Custody Planning with HIV-Affected Families" by Sally Mason; "Correlates and Distribution of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Homeless Youths in New York City" by Michael C. Clatts, W. Rees Davis, J. L. Sotheran, and Aylin Attillasoy; and "HIV Prevention for Youths in Independent Living Programs" by Wendy F. Auslander, Vered Slonim-Nevo, Diane Elze, and Michael Sherraden. Originally published as a special issue of "Child Welfare," this volume examines lessons learned from a variety of perspectives and settings, and identifies a number of continuing challenges facing the field. "Children and HIV/AIDS" is an invaluable compendium that should be read by social workers and health specialists and all those affected by the epidemic.

First published in 1999, this volume examines the inclusion of disabled children as a category of children in need under the Children Act 1989 and as eligible for assessments of need under the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 has drawn renewed attention to the plight of these children and their families. This book presents the findings from a study of parents whose child has cerebral palsy. The research undertaken at the cost of social policy change focuses on the apparent gap between the well-argued proposals for community care and the experiences of carers. A bewildering picture emerges of inadequate services and treatments from the health, education and social services in the public, voluntary and private sectors. Parents experience isolation and stress as they explore ways to improve the quality of their children's lives by experimenting with unregulated and under-researched treatments for an incurable physical condition. The conclusion that there has been deterioration in provision for these families is a serious indictment on current social policy direction.

The issue of pastoral care and how a teacher effectively provides it is currently a topic of great debate in the media. With teachers increasingly bearing the brunt of their pupils' difficult personal lives, they feel under pressure to do the 'right thing' and to do it in an informed and professional manner.
This book looks at how teachers can attempt to give good quality pastoral care, whether as a form tutor in the first instance or in a managerial role further along in their development. It uses practical case studies as examples of what can be achieved, and explores the theory of this subject.
It is aimed at teachers, counsellors and undergraduates on PGCE, BEd and BA courses.

"Time to Listen to Children" is an enlightening and practical guide to effective communication with children. Stressing the importance of learning to listen, professionals working with children in a variety of settings examine the skills required to help children articulate their problems and feelings. They discuss issues such as training, cultural background and religion and give accounts of their work in contexts such as education, social services, voluntary organizations, medical settings, and law. Contributors practice a variety of therapeutic techniques, including play, music and art therapy. "Time to Listen to Children" will be a valuable resource for social workers, teachers and counsellors in training and for all professionals who wish to adopt a skilled, reflective and active approach to their work with children.

First published in 1999. Family homelessness is one of the most profound and disturbing social problems of the 1990's and will be one of the most important issues facing the United States in the twenty-first century. The main purpose of this study was to develop a transitional program framework that can assist homeless women with children to become self-sufficient. In order to create this framework; this study identified current program areas and components in transitional programs for homeless women with children, including education and employment training components; and determined which program areas and components of current programs have a relationship to programs with successful outcomes.