Al Mina, at the mouth of the Orontes, some 75 km SW of Chatal Huyuk, has long dominated Greek-Levantine discussions in the Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 BC); the site was the first to reveal an abundance of Greek pottery generally, and still is the findspot of the greatest quantity of Greek Geometric pottery in the Levant - about 1500 sherds. In this volume, the author undertakes an analysis and review of this 'Greek emporion', taking as her main topics for discussion - Al Mina as a 'port of trade', the evidence for Greek residence on the site, Greek geometric pottery in the Levant, and Geometric pottery in Greek-Levantine trade.

Tarquinia was one of the principal cities of ancient Etruria, the most powerful nation in pre-Roman Italy, and has been at the forefront of Etruscan studies since the early days of antiquarian scholarship. The lack of Etruscan literature and problems with the interpretation of ancient sources have given archaeology a very significant role to play in understanding this elusive civilisation. Robert Leighton charts the history of the site and its interpretation, from its use in early propaganda under the Medici and other Tuscan rulers, to nineteenth-century interest in the discovery of the painted tombs, for which the site is famous, and twentieth-century concentration on the extensive prehistoric burial grounds which provide evidence for the 'proto-Etruscan' Villanovan culture. He considers the significance of Etruscan art in the Archaic period, a topic of hot debate, setting it in the context of economic organisation, long-distance trade and the important role of Tarquinia's port of Gravisca. Recent explorations of the city walls and public and religious buildings of Hellenistic and later date are also discussed.

The Poseidonian chora encompasses the plain South of the Sele River, which formed the ancient boundary between the Greek lands and the Etruscan territory to the North, East to the Alburnus Mountains and South to the Punta Licosa. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the relationship between the Greek settlers of Poseidonia, founded at the turn of the sixth century BC in the Sele Plain (in modern Campania), and the Italic peoples indigenous in the plain. The Greek city flourished from its foundation until about 400 BC when it came under the control of Lucanians from the nearby Apennines. Recent attention has focused on its three well-preserved temples, the rich cemeteries, and the sanctuaries outside the walls. This present study examines the hypothesis that not only was the relationship cordial during the 200-year tenure of the Greeks, but that the indigenous groups actually collaborated in the founding of the city.

J.D. Beazley's The Lewes House Collection of Ancient Gems (1920) was the first publication of engraved gems in what might be called the modern manner; indeed in many respects it remains a model few have even approached since and it is of an academic quality which is hard to match today. It is re-published here, with Beazley's descriptions and commentary, with updated references, and with enlarged photographs of impressions to demonstrate their quality. The two main categories of gems are (very broadly) cameos and intaglios of Greek, Cretan, Phoenician, Roman and Etruscan provenance. The additional material includes Mary B. Comstock's compilation of lists of additional references, and Cornelius C. Vermeule has added an appreciation of the collector.

This book publishes the PhD thesis of the late Thomas Blagg, widely regarded as the foremost scholar of Roman architecture and architectural sculpture of recent times. Well-written, clearly presented and well-illustrated, his thesis is a survey of decorated stonework that was used in the construction and embellishment of Roman buildings in Britain. After a brief look at the tools and techniques used, he presents a classification scheme and discussion of the different elements, including decorated capitals, bases, shafts, pilasters and decorative mouldings. This invaluable collection of source material also provides a broader study of craft production, mason and techniques, and historical and social contexts.

A dissertation on the Neolithic to early Iron Age skeletal remains, looking at demographic parameters, at health, status, diet and so forth of the cemetery population and sub-groups attempting to reconstruct aspects of the lifestyle of the deceased and funerary treatment of the dead.

This important archive of a five year window in Arthur Evans's diaries of his work in Crete celebrates the 1000th publication in the Archaeopress BAR series. Meticulously researched and transcribed by Ann Brown, research assistant at the Ashmolean Museum, Evans's notebooks include observations, drawings, descriptions and ideas. The introduction provides the background to the arrogant, single-minded, .. yet] extremely hardworking, quick-minded' man and his fascination with the archaeology of Crete. Also includes a gazetter of sites and short biographies of people mentioned in the text and as well as a catalogue of objects referred to.

In the spring of 1993, two Mycenaean (14th-12th centuries BC) chamber tombs were discovered by accident at Pylona, not far from Lindos on the southern coast of Rhodes. Excavations uncovered a cemetery site of six tombs and a series of remarkable finds: human remains, pottery, bronze objects, and jewellery. The excavation reports are published here with a complete catalogue of finds, including the extensive and especially fine pottery discoveries. Chapter six is a detailed illustrated study by P. J. P. McGeorge of the skeletal remains from the tombs, presented as a catalogue of finds and a concluding summary on the general health, living conditions, and customs of the community. The work also includes a further three specialist appendices: an ICP-AES analysis of some of the Pylona vessels (M.J. Ponting and the author); a review of the textile remains (D. de Wild); and chemical analyses of glass beads and the copper sword find (H. Mangou).

The new series Studies in Classical Archaeology aims to bring recent archaeological finds, fieldwork and research to the forefront among Greek scholars. This first volume includes 24 papers, plus an epilogue by John Boardman, taken from a colloquium held at Somerville College in Oxford in 2001). The papers are well illustrated throughout, including 86 pages of photographs, and covers a range of different approaches, finds and sites from c.900 BC-AD 200, including: Everyday life and the afterlife in ancient Thasos (M Sgourou); Classical Amphipolis (Ch Koukouli-Chrysanthaki); Discoveries in Pella (M Lilimpaki-Akamati); Skyros in the Early Iron Age (E Sapouna-Sakellaraki); the cemetery at Kerameikos (E Baziotopoulou-Valavani); Ancient theatre of Sparta (G Waywell); Sanctuary of Delos

This study analyses 161 individuals from the Alepotrya Cave, located on the west coast of the Tainaron Peninsula of Southern Greece. In it Papathanasiou outlines the history of the site, the history of this type of research and sets out the aims and methodology for her study. Her aims are primarily to look at the different burial practices represented within the assemblage of burials, to analyse the bones in detail to form a reconstruction of palaeodemography and palaeopathology at the site, and therefore to study local subsistence practices.

This book, a guide and companion to the prehistoric archaeology of Greece, is designed for students, travelers, and all general readers interested in archaeology. Greece has perhaps the longest and richest archaeological record in Europe, and this book reviews what is known of Greece from the earliest inhabitants in the Stone Age to the end of the Bronze Age and the collapse of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.
The book describes the prehistoric cultures of Greece in chronological order, and illustrates with 98 detailed drawings each culture's typical artifacts, architecture, burial customs, and art. Written in an informal and accessible style free of scientific jargon, the book can be used in the classroom or as a guide for the traveler, or read simply for pleasure by anyone with a curiosity about the earliest ages of this fascinating region.
Although intended for a wide audience, the book has a solid scientific foundation. The authors are professional archaeologists with more than 25 years of experience in the field and with a first-hand knowledge of the methods and results of contemporary research. There is no other book today that covers the same range of periods and subjects, making it essential reading for anyone interested in the early civilizations that shaped the Greek landscape, laid the foundations for Classical Greek civilization, and contributed in many ways to the formation of the modern Greek world.
The authors have been careful to address the many questions concerning prehistoric Greece that have been asked them by students and visitors to Greece through the years. The illustrations were created especially for this book, showing familiar artifacts and sites from a new perspective, and selecting others for illustration that rarely, if ever, appear in popular publications.

This book, a guide and companion to the prehistoric archaeology of Greece, is designed for students, travelers, and all general readers interested in archaeology. Greece has perhaps the longest and richest archaeological record in Europe, and this book reviews what is known of Greece from the earliest inhabitants in the Stone Age to the end of the Bronze Age and the collapse of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.
The book describes the prehistoric cultures of Greece in chronological order, and illustrates with 98 detailed drawings each culture's typical artifacts, architecture, burial customs, and art. Written in an informal and accessible style free of scientific jargon, the book can be used in the classroom or as a guide for the traveler, or read simply for pleasure by anyone with a curiosity about the earliest ages of this fascinating region.
Although intended for a wide audience, the book has a solid scientific foundation. The authors are professional archaeologists with more than 25 years of experience in the field and with a first-hand knowledge of the methods and results of contemporary research. There is no other book today that covers the same range of periods and subjects, making it essential reading for anyone interested in the early civilizations that shaped the Greek landscape, laid the foundations for Classical Greek civilization, and contributed in many ways to the formation of the modern Greek world.
The authors have been careful to address the many questions concerning prehistoric Greece that have been asked them by students and visitors to Greece through the years. The illustrations were created especially for this book, showing familiar artifacts and sites from a new perspective, and selecting others for illustration that rarely, if ever, appear in popular publications.

A catalogue and discussion of the social meaning and family relationships behind the funerary monuments of Roman France. Hope aims to reconstruct the stories associated with monuments from their inscriptions, artworks, dimensions, type and location. The catalogue entries, which include descriptions and inscriptions, are preceded by a discussion of the gender, age, social status and title of the dead, funerary monuments of soldiers and people with other occupations, such as gladiators, freedmen, family tombs as well as consideration of the Roman way of mourning and commemorating the dead.

This work on personal ornament in Roman Britain began as an analysis of, and a comparison between, the types of and styles of jewellery favoured by the people of Roman Britain of differing social classes and areas. It soon became clear that many of these artifacts had a deeper significance than that of mere adornment. Furthermore, the majority of these items were recovered from places with ritual or religious connotations. The author proposes that such personal ornamentation appears to have a definite ritual aspect. Because of the religious or superstitious nature of these sites, artifacts deliberately deposited there can be linked to a belief in an afterlife and an intervention by the gods in the lives of mortals. The find-sites indicate that the items probably had a common significance which would have been linked mainly to women, for the majority of these items were articles of feminine adornment. This led to the supposition that the votive artifacts were associated with health and fertility, the main concerns of most women in the ancient world.

Mark Grahame's study, originally based around his doctoral thesis, discusses a new theoretical and methodological approach to interpreting the use of space and the meaning' of buildings, how people interact with them and the social factors that can be gleaned from them. 144 Pompeiian houses are subjected to Grahame's access analysis, the results of which allow him to write a new interpretation of the rules governing the ordering of space, different spatial configurations within buildings, physical movement around houses and different social trends in using these built spaces.

An innovative approach to the study of diet among the Minoans on Crete, combining archaeological, demographic and skeletal evidence with biochemical analysis of samples from excavations. In this study, Riley takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the analysis of cereals, olives and fish, the three main staple foods of the ancient diet. The results of this analysis have obvious wider implications for ancient health, nutrition and disease, agricultural practices and demographics, which are also explored. Riley concludes that the Minoan diet was similar to the traditonal Mediterranean diet of the modern-day Aegean and the images of young, vibrant and healthy people represented on Minoan wall paintings, is supported in this study.

Research report providing a petrographic and chemical analysis of a large sample of Mycenean potsherds from Pylos. The author saw a unique potential for a small bounded, relatively well studied state as Pylos to give information in a comparative framework on the organisation and origin of early state systems. Investigation of pottery industry provided a means to avoid an overreliance on historical data in order to augment and sharpen our complex largely text-based theoretical models.

A specialised study, based on the author's thesis, of Bronze Age jewellery found in burial contexts on mainland Greece and Crete. Konstantinidi looks at the technology and craftmanship involved in the production of jewellery before presenting a typology and catalogue of examples: head, hair and neck ornaments; arm/hand ornaments. Evidence from wall paintings and the Linear B tablets are used as a point of comparison.

This study is concerned with the examination of Hellenistic finger-rings, defined as such by their pictorial engravings. The principal aim of this art-historical and historical study is to provide a chronological framework for the designs, made difficult by the fact that these desirable items are often held in private collections. Motifs include Greek gods and goddesses, Hellenistic-Egyptian symbols as well as family emblems. The pictorial representations are compared with general trends in Hellenistic art and the production of finger-rings is examined in relation to Hellenistic material culture in general. This rigorous and scientific examination, focusing on the late 4th to mid 2nd century BC, concludes with a catalogue of 174 motifs.

Understanding of early farming societies in Greece has been revolutionized by major field projects, by the growing application of specialist 'scientific' studies, and by new approaches to interpretation. This volume reviews the most significant recent field research, ranging from regional survey, through large-scale excavation of an extensive open settlement, to the investigation of caves. Contributors critically evaluate or revise current ideas on the nature of these early societies at a range of scales from the individual to the region.>

This volume includes a description, and the results, of a field survey in the Albegna Valley and Ager Cosanus area of southern Tuscany, focusing on evidence from the first millennium BC. Philip Perkins describes the methodology, aims and GIS approaches to the field study and then presents the evidence in terms of the Etruscan settlement patterns, burials, farming and subsistence, ceramic evidence, finally reconstructing a population and economic history for the study area. The survey project has revealed a highly organised and hierarchical settlement pattern in the Etruscan period, with an evolving and diversifying agricultural system.

Raybould aims to test the hypothesis that literacy was largely an accomplishment of an educated, literate, social elite in Roman Britain, by examining surviving inscriptions from the area of religion, working and domestic life, and funerary customs. Secondly, she investigates the nature (content and style) of this small sample of surviving written material for clues on who produced it. Includes catalogue.

Prehistoric objects were for many years, viewed as curiosities, symbols of an ancient past, collected and desired because of their rarity and longevity. In the 16th century prehistoric objects were making their way into private collections, endowed with the interpretations and beliefs of their owners. Robin Skeates discusses the development of these collections throughout the 16th to 19th century, the various social and political agendas and of the collectors and the different types of collections formed: state, regional, provincial, local museums, university collections, permanent exhibitions and private collections.

A collection of ten papers on northern England presented at the Roman Archaeology Conference in Durham in 1999. The essays largely represent summaries of work in progress, designed to promote debate, and are written by excavators, finds specialists, environment specialists and scholars with a particular interest in the late Roman transition. Topics include: Late Roman Binchester (Iain Ferris & Rick Jones); the Late Roman transition at Birdoswald and on Hadrian's Wall (Tony Wilmott); the end of the Roman town of Catterick (Pete Wilson); Coin supply in the north (R J Brickstock); the end of Roman pottery in the north (Jeremy Evans); the remnants of Roman material culture in the 5th century (H E M Cool); the palynological evidence for the late Roman transition (J P Huntley); the environmental animal and human evidence (Sue Stallibrass); the late Roman transition in the north (KEn Dark); conclusions (Simon Esmonde Cleary) .