The Certificate in Islamic Commercial Law covers Islamic law and Islamic commercial jurisprudence in Islamic finance and discusses the sources, principles, concepts, methodology, standards and applications of Islamic law in relation to financial system, industry and environment. CIMA's Islamic finance qualifications structure reflects the evolving requirements in business. Comprising of the Certificates in Islamic finance and the Diploma in Islamic finance. Whether you are completely new to this area of finance or have prior experience, uncover all the possibilities with our suite of Islamic finance qualifications. The individual certificates will give you skills in Shari'ah compliance and the complexities of the contracts that underpin this compliance. You will also develop confidence in the use of the contracts that underpin Islamic finance, and the terminology that sets Islamic finance apart from conventional finance. This individual certificate is one of four certificates that make up the Diploma in Islamic Finance. Topics discussed: Introduction to Islamic commercial law The sources of the Islamic commercial law including the Qur'an and the traditions of the Prophet Mohammad The methodologies used to solve modern problems in Islamic finance Shari'ah compliance and the importance of the Shari'ah standards Who should take this course? These qualifications will be valuable for newcomers and professionals operating in a range of industries. There is no entry criteria for these certificates. They are designed to give two significant market advantages: (1) the professional recognition of a CIMA international qualification, and (2) demonstrable expertise in the complex, fast growing world of Islamic finance. Additional Info Format: Course - Online Level: Basic Duration: 40 Hours This CPD program is eligible for a digital badge. Find out more about Digital Badges from CGMA. Online Access Instructions A personal pin code is enclosed in the physical packaging that may be activated online upon receipt. Once activated, you will gain immediate online access to the product for one full year. System Requirements AICPA's online CPE courses will operate in a variety of configurations, but only the configuration described below is supported by AICPA technicians. A stable and continuous internet connection is required. In order to record your completion of the online learning courses, please ensure you are connected to the internet at all times while taking the course. It is your responsibility to validate that CPE certificate(s) are available within your account after successfully completing the course and/or exam. Supported Operating Systems: Macintosh OS X 10.10 to present Windows 7 to present Supported Browsers: Apple Safari Google Chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Required Browser Plug-ins: Adobe Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader Technical Support: Please contact [email protected].

From our daily practice as scholars, consultants and entrepreneurs we know how critical it is to make the right decisions that can shape the future of a company. One of the earliest of such decisions is surely the selection of the appropriate legal form as it is hardly reversible and has major implications on the running business. Accordingly, we can nd a wealth of information about the pros and cons of speci c legal forms. However, so far there is only scarce information available once you decide to enter a foreign market. There are offerings, e.g. from the Chambers of Commerce and you can search the Internet. When information is provided in the local language, comprehension becomes dif cult. Furthermore, the material that is available today only seldom allows for a structured analysis and comparison of legal forms in different countries. From discussions with entrepreneurs we know that this situation has not only been cumbersome for us, but actually everybody who is thinking about starting up a business or widening the operations across country borders is faced with the complex task of deciding on a legal form.

The modern world has been subject to information and communication technology penetration at an unprecedented level. While the early battles over Internet regulation have largely subsided, the debate around who regulates and when, remains strong. In a thoroughly revised second edition of this well-regarded book, Andrej Savin provides a detailed overview of EU Internet regulation in all its key areas, as well as giving a critical evaluation of EU policy-making and governance. This new edition covers the latest developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, covering the multitude of issues that have recently been considered by the Court. It also discusses pending proposals in telecommunications, copyright and privacy laws as well as the new regulatory directions signalled by the Commission's 2015 strategy document. The book begins with a detailed examination of the constitutional context within which the Internet is regulated and the various policy documents that have informed this regulation over the years. It then examines key issues in Internet regulation, including electronic commerce, jurisdiction, content regulation, intellectual property, consumer protection, and criminal regulation. The EU has played a crucial role in Internet regulation in Member States and occupies a unique position of global influence in this fast-evolving area of governance. EU Internet Law will be of interest to academics, students, and practitioners across the EU and beyond.

Transfer Pricing and Valuation in Corporate Taxation analyzes the disparities between both federal statutes and regulations, and r- ulations and administrative practice, in a highly controversial area of corporate tax policy: intra-company transfer pricing for tax p- poses. It addresses issues that often mean millions of dollars to in- vidual corporations, and a significant fraction of the federal gove- ment's revenue base. These disparities between law, regulations, and administrative practice are concerning on a number of grounds. First, they - pose considerable economic costs by inducing corporations to engage in a variety of "rent-seeking" activities designed to reduce their - pected tax liabilities, and by requiring the IRS to devote still more to enforcement efforts that are very often futile. Second, they are in- ; herently undemocratic. Administrative practice is currently ad hoc by relying on dispute resolution procedures that can and do yield very different settlements on disputed tax issues from one case to another, the IRS often ends up treating similarly situated cor- rations very differently. Moreover, to the extent that the disp- ity between statute and implementation reflects the IRS's failure to carry out Congress' will, the laws passed by duly elected officials are effectively being superseded by administrative procedure, developed incrementally by individuals who are not answerable to an electorate.

This volume provides an overview of United States federal and state law governing business organizations. The chapters take the reader through a step-by-step exposition of the most basic sole proprietorships to the most complex multi-tiered conglomerates. Among the business organizations treated are partnerships with their various modalities (general partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability partnerships), corporations (including closely held corporations, public corporations and other variations) and limited liability companies. The case law and statutes governing the full menu of business organizations are systematically analyzed and presented. Leading cases at both the federal and state level as well as model legislation such as the Uniform Partnership Act and enacted legislation are further examined. Other topics covered include Agency and partnerships, Accounting, taxation and finance, Startup corporations and venture capital, Fiduciary duties and shareholder control, Mergers and acquisitions.

For students and practicing professionals in hospitality, travel and tourism as well as specialized paralegal work, Hotel, Restaurant and Travel Law: A Preventative Approach, 7th Edition, addresses legal issues confronted by managers in the hotel, restaurant, travel and casino industries. The emphasis is on prevention of legal violations. By reading the book, managers can appreciate and identify what actions and precautions are necessary to avoid, or at least minimize, the number of lawsuits. The book uses the case method, long recognized as a helpful approach to learning the often-complicated discipline of law. Readers will study decisions from actual cases in which hospitality establishments were sued, as well as what legal precedents were cited.

Title 46 presents regulations applied by the Coast Guard to merchant marine officers and seamen, uninspected vessels, tank vessels, load lines, marine engineering, documenting and measuring vessels, passenger vessels, cargo and miscellaneous vessels, offshore supply vessels, mobile offshore drilling units, electrical engineering, small passenger vessels, oceanographic vessels, occupational safety and health standards, and lifesaving systems. Maritime Administration regulations cover policies, practices and procedures, maritime carriers, subsidized vessels, vessel financing assistance, emergency operations, training, and ports. The Maritime Commission also holds the responsibility for maritime carriers, terminals, tariffs, domestic offshore commerce, and foreign commerce.

The growth of new technologies in the digital age has rapidly expanded the availability of copyrighted works. Along with this expansion have come questions central to copyright jurisprudence as whether and how the creative works of authors may be accessed and disseminated. Two international treaties to which the United States is a party -- the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (collectively, the "WIPO Internet Treaties") -- require member states to recognize the right of "making available," which gives authors, producers, and performers the exclusive right to authorize the transmission of their works and sound recordings to the public through interactive platforms that enable members of the public to choose where and when to access them. This book provides a thorough assessment of the state of U.S. law recognizing and protecting copyright holders exclusive right of "making available" and how both U.S. and foreign laws have interpreted and implemented the relevant provisions of the WIPO Internet Treaties.

A freshly provocative look at the nexus linking EU security, trans-Turkey energy supply routes to Europe and Turkey's EU membership negotiations, this book argues that Europe's collective energy security prospects have become increasingly tied to Turkey's progress towards joining the EU.

Heinrich Caro (1834-1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.

Risk behaviour and risk management in business life influence a wide range of fields in which only a very limited amount of research has been undertaken. These topics have often been treated as if they were theoretically and practically isolated from other fields, the so called risk archipelago problem. What is actually needed is another focus, in which the problem of risk is treated as a central theme. The demand for interdisciplinary research means that there is a need for crossing scientific boundaries. In approaching risk problems from a holistic perspective there is also a parallel need for linking the scientific and the business worlds. Researchers must work closely together in concrete multidisciplinary research projects and in co-operation with the industrial world in seeking out and solving research problems of importance. This book contains selected and re-written papers, and key-note speeches presented in a risk-seminar that Stockholm University organised in June 1997. The seminar, in which 200 researchers and practitioners from 26 countries participated, was divided into four main topic areas: Risk Assessment and Credit Management, Psychology in Business Life, Risk Management in Small Firms and Law and Business Risk. In writing this book, the editor invited eight professors from four continents to assist him in introducing the reader to the different and scientific disciplines and in explaining the need for interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary risk research projects. The book consists of eight chapters and the target groups are researchers, doctoral and master students at universities and business people working in the risk management area.

Intellectual property has rapidly become one of the most important, as well as most controversial, subjects in recent years amongst productive thinkers of many kinds all over the world. Scientific work and technological progress now depend largely on questions of who owns what, as do the success and profits of countless authors, artists, inventors, researchers and industrialists. Economic, legal and ethical issues play a central role in the increasingly complex balance between unilateral gains and universal benefits from the "knowledge society." Economics, Law and Intellectual Property explores the field in both depth and breadth through the latest views of leading experts in Europe and the United States. It provides a fundamental understanding of the problems and potential solutions, not only in doing practical business with ideas and innovations, but also on the level of institutions that influence such business. Addressing a range of readers from individual scholars to company managers and policy makers, it gives a unique perspective on current developments.

In recent years, financial engineering has developed new ways of financing deals based primarily on the capacity of the operations to generate sufficient cash for the repayment of loans or bonds. The business of structured finance has then become an interesting business area for non-financial companies, investment and commercial banks and consultants. In terms of volumes, it shows figures easily comparable to other, more traditional, sources of funding.

This book provides the reader with an analysis of the characteristics of structured finance deals asset-backed securitization, project finance, structured leasing and leveraged acquisitions together with updated data on the current state of the international financial markets for these operations."

The legal regime of outer space, as enshrined in the Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space (General Assembly Resolution 1962 (XVIII), adopted in 1963, and in the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, while prohibiting the appropriation of space by any means, envisages exploration for the bene't and in the interest of all countries on a basis of equality and in accordance with international law. Freedom of scienti?c investigation is also contemplated. Elaborating on these instruments, the Assembly in 1996 adopted the Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space (RES 51/122), in which it called for heightened international co-operation, with part- ular attention to be given to the bene't for and the interests of developing countries and countries with nascent space programmes. Thus, it is self-evident that the outer space regime, including the 1972 Liability Convention, envisages the conduct of national activities "for the bene't and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scienti?c dev- opment." In this regard, Article 6 of the 1967 Treaty not only provides for national activities in outer space, but for international responsibility whether such activities are carried out by governmental agencies or non-governmental entities, and aims at ensuring that national activities are conducted in conformity with the Treaty.

A practical guide to best and worst practices for family businesses - from drawing up incorporation documents to succession planning to selling the business. The book also includes examples from actual court cases and presents these lessons in an accessible manner. Sample legal agreements are included which help to avoid some of the major risks to the family business.

Assets of community value are buildings or other land nominated under the Localism Act 2011 by a voluntary or community body with a local connection and listed by the local authority because their use is considered to further the social wellbeing or social interests of the local community. They are given a number of different forms of protection. This book provides guidance on the interpretation and application of the relevant provisions. It sets out both legal and practical guidance, drawing together in one place the relevant principles from the Act, the accompanying Regulations, other primary and secondary legislation, Government guidance, the case law and elsewhere. It provides assistance to a number of different groups: to those who wish to nominate a building or other land for listing as an asset of community value, to landowners who may wish to resist the listing of their property, to local authorities who have to determine the nomination and resolve any disputes, and to the professionals who advise them. The first book to deal in detail with this area, Assets of Community Value: Law and Practice: * offers in-depth guidance, saving much time-consuming research * deals rigorously with the relevant legal principles, drawing on other areas of law to offer suggested answers to many unresolved questions * provides practical guidance, firmly rooted in legal principle, for how to deal with many of the issues which arise, some of which involve difficult points of law and interpretation * addresses in detail the ever-increasing case law of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal in this area.

? The Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG This splendid book performs the heroic task of introducing readers to the large canvas of the commercial law of the European Union (EU). The EU began as an economic community of six nations but has grown into 27 member states, sharing a signi?cant political, social and legal cohesion and serving almost 500 million citizens. It generates approximately 30% of the nominal gross world product. The EU is a remarkable achievement of trans-national co-operation, given the history (including recent history) of national, racial, ethnic and religious hatred and con?ict preceding its creation. Although, as the book recounts, the institutions of the EU grew directly out of those of the European Economic Community, created in 1957 [1.20], the genesis of the EU can be traced to the sufferings of the Second World War and to the disclosure of the barbarous atrocities of the Holocaust. Out of the chaos and ruins of historical enmities and the shattered cities and peoples that survived those terrible events, arose an astonishing pan- European Movement.

The ways in which law has interacted with concrete interests to reshape Japan's foreign trade politics at the start of the twenty-first century can best be characterized as aggressive legalism. Central to this transformation have been the beneficiaries of this ever more aggressive legalism--Japan's trade-dominant industries with visible stakes in the international economic system. Today, thanks to painstaking and concerted efforts, Japan's aggressive legalism has shifted well beyond its origins in the WTO, and is now not confined to any one multilateral, regional, or bilateral forum. Nor is its thrust limited only to the issues covered in this book, namely, antidumping, safeguards, intellectual property, or investment concerns in FTA diplomacy. Its target is not only the United States, but also rapidly rising new Asian competitors like China; not only foreign governments, but also foreign sectors--even down to specific companies. In the shifting landscape of global and regional realities, aggressive legalism has emerged as the single most cohesive and unquestionably legitimate attempt by Japanese actors to structure favorable outcomes in international trade.

The ways in which law has interacted with concrete interests to reshape Japan's foreign trade politics at the start of the twenty-first century can best be characterized as aggressive legalism. Central to this transformation have been the beneficiaries of this ever more aggressive legalism--Japan's trade-dominant industries with visible stakes in the international economic system. Today, thanks to painstaking and concerted efforts, Japan's aggressive legalism has shifted well beyond its origins in the WTO, and is now not confined to any one multilateral, regional, or bilateral forum. Nor is its thrust limited only to the issues covered in this book, namely, antidumping, safeguards, intellectual property, or investment concerns in FTA diplomacy. Its target is not only the United States, but also rapidly rising new Asian competitors like China; not only foreign governments, but also foreign sectors--even down to specific companies. In the shifting landscape of global and regional realities, aggressive legalism has emerged as the single most cohesive and unquestionably legitimate attempt by Japanese actors to structure favorable outcomes in international trade.

Fourteen philosophers, economists and legal scholars address the question 'Can intellectual property rights be fair?' What differentiates intellectual from real property? Should libertarians or Rawlsians defend IP rights? What's wrong with free-riding? How can incentives be taken into account by theories of justice?

"Digital technologies have given society an extraordinary cultural potential. If that potential is to be made real, we must reconcile it with the legitimate and important claims of copyright. In this beautifully written and careful work, Fisher, more completely than anyone else, maps the choices that we might make. He argues for a choice that would produce enormous social good. And while not everyone will agree with the conclusions he draws, no one who cares seriously about creators or culture can ignore the framework that he has set. There are choices that we as a society must make. And as Rawls did in political theory, or Milton Friedman did in economics, Fisher provides an understanding that will color policy analysis for the generations to come."--Lawrence Lessig, Stanford Law School
"The strength of this book is Fisher's willingness to step above the political fray to solve problems. He has produced one of the most important books in media studies and law in some years. It is refreshing, bold, and provocative. We need it badly." --Siva Vaidhyanathan, Director of Communication Studies, Department of Culture and Communication, New York University

Examines how litigation is conducted between commercial enterprises under the Civil Procedure Rules. The text provides practical guidance on conducting commercial litigation involving a foreign element and explores the increasingly popular use of ADR.

Mergers and acquisitions continue to grow rapidly in transaction numbers and volume worldwide, bringing about radical changes to the corporate landscape. The enactment of mergers and acquisitions, particularly in cross border transactions, involves complex economic, legal, technical, and social procedures, closely interlinked and embracing several sectors and disciplines. This comprehensive and interdisciplinary handbook addresses the issues involved in effecting mergers and acquisitions internationally. The authors' practice-oriented approach follows the normal course of the transactions through the planning phase, the execution phase and the post-merger integration/implementation phase, providing managers, investment bankers, legal advisors, accountants and academics with an in-depth understanding of the factors necessary for success and the means to understand and improve transaction management and create new economic values.

Over the past two decades, governments have delegated extensive regulatory authority to international private-sector organizations. This internationalization and privatization of rule making has been motivated not only by the economic benefits of common rules for global markets, but also by the realization that government regulators often lack the expertise and resources to deal with increasingly complex and urgent regulatory tasks. "The New Global Rulers" examines who writes the rules in international private organizations, as well as who wins, who loses--and why.

Tim Buthe and Walter Mattli examine three powerful global private regulators: the International Accounting Standards Board, which develops financial reporting rules used by corporations in more than a hundred countries; and the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission, which account for 85 percent of all international product standards. Buthe and Mattli offer both a new framework for understanding global private regulation and detailed empirical analyses of such regulation based on multi-country, multi-industry business surveys. They find that global rule making by technical experts is highly political, and that even though rule making has shifted to the international level, domestic institutions remain crucial. Influence in this form of global private governance is not a function of the economic power of states, but of the ability of domestic standard-setters to provide timely information and speak with a single voice. Buthe and Mattli show how domestic institutions' abilities differ, particularly between the two main standardization players, the United States and Europe."

The globalization of financial markets has attracted much academic and policymaking commentary in recent years, especially with the growing number of banking and financial crises and the current credit crisis that has threatened the stability of the global financial system. This major new Research Handbook sets out to address some of the fundamental issues in financial regulation from a comparative and international perspective and to identify some of the main research themes and approaches that combine economic, legal and institutional analysis of financial markets. Specially commissioned contributions represent diverse viewpoints on the financial regulation debate and cover a number of new and controversial topics not yet adequately addressed in the literature. Specifically, these include; financial innovation - particularly in the context of the credit risk transfer market, securitization and the systemic importance of the over-the-counter trading markets; the institutional structure of international financial regulation; and risk management and corporate governance of financial institutions. This Handbook will provide a unique and comprehensive resource for all those with an interest in this critical issue - including academic researchers in finance and regulation, practitioners working in the industry and those involved with regulation and policy. Contributors: K. Alexander, I. Alfon, I. Argimon, P. Bascunana-Ambros, T. Burns, A. Cornford, R. Dhumale, J. Eatwell, M. Fujii, I. Hasan, K.R. Ilmonen, E.J. Kane, M. Kawai, D. Masciandaro, D.G. Mayes, A. Nesvetailova, C. Papathanassiou, A. Persaud, D. Pesendorfer, G. Riccio, X. Roduner, C.A. Russo, A. Singh, M. Waisman