Providing a comprehensive and detailed treatment of termination as a remedy for breach of contract, this book gives a current account of the law and explains this complex area in a practical context. This book is divided into four parts. The first section sets out to analyse what is involved in termination and looks at some of the difficulties surrounding the topic, before going on to explain the evolution of the present law and its main principles. The second section provides a thorough analysis of the two key topics of breach and termination. Breach is defined in terms of a failure, without good excuse, to perform an obligation under the contract, and the various aspects of this definition are explained in the light of the relevant authorities. The chapter on breach of contract has continued to take on board the developing principles of contractual construction, most notably in relation to the interpretation of exemption clauses, where Supreme Court and Court of Appeal decisions, namely Impact Funding Solutions Ltd v Barrington Support Services Ltd and Persimmon Homes Ltd v Ove Arup and Partners Ltd, have continued to question the extent to which the traditional approach can be reconciled with the broader canons of commercial construction now adopted by the courts. In the following chapter, termination is defined in the terms of an election by the promisee, in consequence of a breach by the promisor, to claim discharge from his or her own primary obligations under the contract. This process, which can also be seen as a major contractual remedy in its own right, is distinguished from other processes with which it has a close relationship, most notable the right to withhold performance and discharge under the doctrine of frustration. The controversial decision of the Court of Appeal in MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA v Cottonex Anstalt is discussed here. The third part addresses the question when the right to terminate for breach arises. The law gives two answers to this question - when the term broken is classified as a 'condition' of when a 'fundamental' breach has occurred. The nature of a 'condition' in this sense is explained, and the criteria for identifying when a term should be classified as such is set out. Similarly, the criteria for identifying a fundamental breach is discussed, as is the difficult relationship between the concepts of fundamental breach and repudiation and the doctrine of anticipatory breach. Recent Court of Appeals decisions are included, such as Spar Shipping AS v Grand China Logistics Holding (Group) Co Ltd, which provides useful guidance as to the relationship between conditions and contractual rights of termination. The fourth and final section considers the consequences of the promisee's election whether to terminate. In this section the legal effects of termination with regard to the obligations and remedies available to the promisee and the promisor, and also its effect on the application of other terms in the contract such as exemption clauses, are analysed. The measure of damages available to the promisee following termination, most notable damages 'on the footing of repudiation' or damages for 'loss of the bargain' is also considered here alongside other general principles governing damages in this context. The position on damages in The Golden Victory has been extended further by Bunge SA v Nidera BV as discussed in Chapter 10. Similarly the examination of the Court of Appeal decision in The New Flamenco provides additional authority on mitigation to damages. Principles relating to restitution recovery are re-examined by reference to three major Supreme Court cases on unjust enrichment: Benedetti v Sawiris; Memelaou v Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd; and Investment Trust Companies v Revenue and Customs Commissioners.

Wenn zwei oder mehrere Unternehmen ihre wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Selbstandigkeit verlieren und gemeinsam ein neues Unternehmen bilden, bezeichnet man dies gemeinhin als Fusion. Wahrend derartige Prozesse in der freien Wirtschaft sehr haufig anzutreffen sind, bilden Fusionen im Bereich der Koerperschaften des oeffentlichen Rechts eher die Ausnahme. Das vorliegende Werk beschreibt Fusionsverfahren von Handwerkskammern in sechs verschiedenen Bundeslandern von der Gegenwart ruckblickend bis ins Jahr 1953. Welche Grunde waren ausschlaggebend? Welche tatsachlichen und rechtlichen Hindernisse mussten uberwunden werden? Wie gestalteten sich die Fusionsverfahren? Diese Publikation versucht Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden und moechte als Leitfaden fur kunftige Handwerkskammerfusionen dienen.

Das aktienrechtliche Beschlussmangelrecht ist seit Jahren heftiger Kritik ausgesetzt. Die Autorin greift diese Kritik auf und befasst sich mit der Frage, ob und wie die Nichtigkeitsgrunde des 241 AktG reformiert werden sollten. Der Untersuchungsansatz der Autorin basiert auf einer Beleuchtung der Nichtigkeitsgrunde aus drei Perspektiven. Neben der Historie der Nichtigkeitsgrunde eruiert die Autorin die Nichtigkeitsgrunde de lege lata auf ihre Funktion und Konsistenz und stellt die Konsequenzen einer Abschaffung der Nichtigkeitskategorie dar. Mit dem klaren Verdikt einer Daseinsberechtigung der ex lege eintretenden Nichtigkeit befasst sich die Autorin mit bestehenden Reformansatzen und prasentiert anschliessend basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen einen eigenen Reformvorschlag zur kunftigen Ausgestaltung der Nichtigkeitsgrunde im Aktienrecht.

Rechtliche Durchsetzbarkeit, Verlasslichkeit von Vertragen und technische Bewahrtheit sind Voraussetzungen fur erfolgreiche Finanzierung und Rentabilitat. Daher bietet dieses Buch erstmals einen umfassenden UEberblick uber die technischen und rechtlichen sowie die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte von Biogas-Vorhaben. Ausgewiesene Experten aus Forschung und Praxis beleuchten die verschiedenen Teilaspekte. Ein einleitendes Kapitel "Projektfinanzierung von Biogas-Projekten" bietet Lesern Orientierung und ordnet die einzelnen Fachkapitel in das Gesamtthema ein.

Das Werk beschaftigt sich mit der in 2a Abs. 3 VermAnlG angesprochenen Internet-Dienstleistungsplattform, die bei den entgeltlichen Formen des Crowdfundings zwischen Kapitalsuchendem und Anleger steht. Dazu setzt sich der Autor - unter Berucksichtigung des Anlegerschutzes - mit den aufsichtsrechtlichen Anforderungen auseinander und nimmt eine zivilrechtliche Einordnung der Tatigkeiten der Plattformen vor.

This book explores food traceability in raw materials, additives and packing of the dairy sector and it provides an accessible and succinct overview of the new Extended Traceability (ExTra) software. In this work, the authors present several practical examples of extended food traceability for edible products and food-contact materials in the cheese-making industry. Readers will also discover a summary of the existing legal and regulatory requirements for food traceability in Europe. This book will appeal to a wide readership, from academic researchers to professionals and auditors in industry working in quality control, food and packing traceability, and international regulation.

This book presents a critical reassessment of theories of property rights, in response to conflicts and competition between different groups, and the state. It does so by taking an institutional political perspective to analyse the structures of property rights, with a focus on a series of case studies from Bangladesh. In doing so, the book highlights the importance of property rights for economic growth, why developing countries often fail to design property rights conducive for economic development, and the strategies required for designing an efficient structure of rights. Since property rights falls within the domain of Law and Economics, the book ventures to explain legal issues from an economic perspective, resulting in empirical analysis that comprises both legal and non-legal cases.

Commercial litigators frequently need to assess whether a disputed contract is valid. This book provides practitioners with an invaluable reference tool, which will enable them to navigate the complex issue of vitiation of contract.

As litigators are aware, when contractual disputes arise, many types of vitiation listed will be argued together or as alternatives to one another. This book provides a comprehensive examination of all the factors vitiating contractual consent from fraud, misrepresentation, non-disclosure, and mistake, to duress, undue influence, unconscionable bargains, and includes chapters on incapacity and unfairness. Finally, the book considers related topics, remedies and the philosophical foundations of the law in this area.

The book will be an invaluable reference tool for lawyers involved in contractual disputes, especially those preparing a case dealing specifically with the factors vitiating contractual consent. It will also be a useful reference for academics and postgraduate students of commercial law.

Peter MacDonald Eggers QC is an established and highly respected silk at 7KBW. He regularly appears before the Commercial Court and the Court of Appeal and in commercial and international arbitrations. He has published widely and teaches at University College London.

In the global infectious-disease research community, there has long been uncertainty about the conditions under which biological resources may be studied or transferred out of countries. This work examines the reasons for that uncertainty and shows how global biomedical research has been shaped by international disputes over access to biological resources. Bringing together government leaders, World Health Organization officials, and experts in virology, wildlife biology, clinical ethics, technology transfer, and international law, the book identifies the critical problems - and implications of these problems - posed by negotiating for access and sharing benefits, and proposes solutions to ensure that biomedical advances are not threatened by global politics. Written in accessible, non-technical language, this work should be read by anyone who sees global health and biomedical research as a priority for international lawmakers.

"A fascinating book about how platform internet companies (Amazon, Facebook, and so on) are changing the norms of economic competition." -Fast Company Shoppers with a bargain-hunting impulse and internet access can find a universe of products at their fingertips. But is there a dark side to internet commerce? This thought-provoking expose invites us to explore how sophisticated algorithms and data-crunching are changing the nature of market competition, and not always for the better. Introducing into the policy lexicon terms such as algorithmic collusion, behavioral discrimination, and super-platforms, Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice E. Stucke explore the resulting impact on competition, our democratic ideals, our wallets, and our well-being. "We owe the authors our deep gratitude for anticipating and explaining the consequences of living in a world in which black boxes collude and leave no trails behind. They make it clear that in a world of big data and algorithmic pricing, consumers are outgunned and antitrust laws are outdated, especially in the United States." -Science "A convincing argument that there can be a darker side to the growth of digital commerce. The replacement of the invisible hand of competition by the digitized hand of internet commerce can give rise to anticompetitive behavior that the competition authorities are ill equipped to deal with." -Burton G. Malkiel, Wall Street Journal "A convincing case for the need to rethink competition law to cope with algorithmic capitalism's potential for malfeasance." -John Naughton, The Observer

Risk management, risk controlling, internal audits, compliance, corporate organization: this book aims to provide an integrated presentation of the concept of risk by bringing together practical knowledge from all of these sub-areas, illustrating their interactions, and demonstrating meaningful correlations. It is written by practitioners for practitioners.

This book addresses the increasing overlap between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and law with a particular focus on company law and corporate governance. What is the impact of CSR on company law and corporate governance and, vice versa? How do these systems impact on CSR? Do they enable, require or prevent the socially responsible conduct of companies, for example, through corporate theory, directors' duties or disclosure laws? What is the role of shareholders and directors in the promotion of CSR?The theme of the book ensures a sharing of ideas and experiences globally and internationally for all jurisdictions to consider core legal and social aspects of CSR.

This book, part of the Stanford Law School research project on the future of the legal profession, thoroughly examines the future of "big law," defined as the large and mid-size multiservice highly specialized law firms that provide sophisticated, complex and generally costly legal work to multinationals, large and mid-size domestic corporations, and other business clients. By systematically gathering, assessing, and analyzing the best available quantitative and qualitative data on the first tier of the corporate legal services market of Latin America and Spain, and interviewing a broadly representative sample of corporate legal officers, law firm partners, and other stakeholders in each of the countries covered, this book provides a nuanced perspective on changes in "big law" during the last two decades until the present. It also explores the factors that are driving these changes, and the implications for the future of legal profession, legal education and its relationship with the corporate sector and society in general.

Due diligence is the bedrock of real estate deals, regardless of the volume of transaction. This book presents a comprehensive guide to understanding and implementing due diligence and making an accurate assessment of the risks. While this process has become a "no-brainer" for investment professionals, the market standard on this essential topic has not yet been laid out in a comprehensive form that covers all the major aspects of real estate due diligence: legal, tax, financial and technical issues. This book fulfils that need, and gives it a form that can be used for German, European, or even international transactions. Written in a reader-friendly fashion, the easily navigable chapters are organized into the four due diligence dimensions, with ample examples and key takeaways. Be they real estate investors, or a management students specializing in the asset class, this book is a core resource for anyone wanting to get to grips with due diligence.

Ein funktionierendes Forderungsmanagement ist heute unerlasslich. Dieses Buch vermittelt juristisches Basiswissen und zeigt systematisch, wie es Unternehmen gelingt, Forderungen abzusichern und durchzusetzen. Zahlreiche Praxishinweise und Beispiele machen deutlich, worauf es ankommt."

Der Kommentar erlautert das am 1. Mai 2004 in Kraft getretene neue Gerate- und Produktsicherungsgesetz (GPSG): - Die Adressaten des Gesetzes und ihre Pflichten beim Produzieren, Importieren und Handeln mit Produkten und bei ihrem Einsatz (z.B. Betriebssicherheitsverordnung) - Die Marktuberwachungsbehoerden und ihre Befugnisse (z.B. Verbote, Ruckrufe) - Die geschutzten Personen und ihre Rechte (Haftungsfragen) - Das System der europaischen Harmonisierung und der technischen Normung, die EG-Konformitatserklarung, CE-Kennzeichnung und GS-Zeichen. Im Anhang sind alle wichtigen europaischen Regelungen (Richtlinien), deutschen Rechtsverordnungen (GPSGV) und zivilrechtlichen Vorschriften enthalten.

Taking a fresh and modern approach to the subject, this fully revised and restructured textbook provides everything necessary to gain a good understanding of international commercial litigation. Adopting a comparative stance, it provides extensive coverage of US and Commonwealth law, in addition to the core areas of English and EU law. Extracts from key cases and legislative acts are designed to meet the practical requirements of litigators as well as explaining the ideas behind legal provisions. Significant updates include new material on the recast of the Brussels I Regulation, the impact of EU law on choice-of-court agreements and arbitration agreements, and controversial decisions on antisuit injunctions. A companion website features important updates to the law.

Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) ist das oberste Beschlussgremium der gemeinsamen Selbstverwaltung von Vertragsarzten, Krankenhausern und Krankenkassen. Er legt massgeblich fest, welche Leistungen der medizinischen Versorgung von der GKV erstattet werden.

Das vorliegende Werk setzt sich mit dem Normsetzungsinstrument der Richtlinie auseinander. Besondere Beachtung findet dabei die Frage der Einordnung der Richtlinien in die Rechtsquellensystematik und die Problematik der demokratischen Legitimation des G-BA zur Normsetzung.

Daran schliesst sich eine ausfuhrliche Darstellung der Verfahren zur Integration neuer Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsmethoden in die ambulante und stationare Versorgung an. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch die Vorgehensweise des G-BA beim Richtlinienbeschluss auf der Grundlage seiner Verfahrensordnung erlautert. Dabei spielen die Grundsatze der evidenzbasierten Medizin und Gesundheitsversorgung eine besondere Rolle.

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This book provides a comparative perspective on one of the most intriguing developments in law: the influence of basic rights and human rights in private law. It analyzes the application of basic rights and human rights, which are traditionally understood as public law rights, in private law, and discusses the related spillover effects and changing perspectives in legal doctrine and practice. It provides examples where basic rights and human rights influence judicial reasoning and lead to changes of legislation in contract law, tort law, property law, family law, and copyright law. Providing both context and background analysis for any critical examination of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in private law, the book contributes to the current debate on an important issue that deserves the attention of legal practitioners, scholars, judges and others involved in the developments in a variety of the world's jurisdictions. This book is based on the General Report and national reports commissioned by the International Academy of Comparative Law and written for the XIXth International Congress of Comparative Law in Vienna, Austria, in the summer of 2014.

Internationale Vertrage sind in fast jedem Unternehmen zu einem wichtigen Thema geworden. Im Vorfeld und Umfeld dieser Vertrage bestehen zahlreiche Einzelprobleme, die man als Praktiker beantworten muss. Dazu gehoert etwa die Frage, welche internationalen Regelungen zu beachten sind, welches Landesrecht zur Anwendung kommen soll und vor welchen Gerichten notfalls geklagt werden muss. Das vorliegende Buch liefert in neun ubersichtlichen Kapiteln einen kompakten Einstieg in den Bereich "Internationale Vertrage fur jeden damit beschaftigten Praktiker. Es beantwortet die wichtigsten Fragen und scharft das Problembewusstsein fur die Abfassung und Prufung kunftiger Vertrage. Es beinhaltet neben zahlreichen Fallbeispielen, die vorwiegend der ober- und hoechstgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung entnommen sind, Vorschlage zur Vertragsgestaltung, Vertragsdurchfuhrung, Konfliktbewaltigung, Durchsetzung von Anspruchen im Ausland sowie Checklisten - von Praktikern fur Praktiker.

This book examines the effect of the adoption of the United Nations Committee on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency in five common law jurisdictions, namely Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. It examines how each of those states has adopted, interpreted and applied the provisions of the Model Law, and highlights the effects of inconsistencies by examining jurisprudence in each of these countries, specifically how the Model Law affects existing principles of recognition of insolvency proceedings. The book examines how the UNCITRAL Guide to enactment of the Model Law has affected the interpretation of each of its articles and, in turn, the courts' ability to interpret and hence give effect to the purposes of the Model Law. It also considers the ability of courts to refer to amendments made to the Guide after enactment of the Model Law in a state, thereby questioning whether the current inconsistencies in interpretation can be overcome by UNCITRAL amending the Guide.

This book focuses on the Asia-Pacific region, delineating the evolving dynamics of foreign investment in the region. It examines the relationship between efforts to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) and efforts to improve governance and inclusive growth and development. Against a background of rapidly developing international investment law, it emphasises the need to strike a balance between these domestic and international legal frameworks, seeking to promote both foreign investment and the laws and policies necessary to regulate investments and investor conduct. Foreign investments play a pivotal role in most countries' political economies, and in order to encourage cross-border capital flows, countries have taken various steps, such as revising their domestic legal frameworks, liberalising rules on inward and outward investment, and creating special regimes that provide incentives and protections for foreign investment. Alongside the developments in domestic laws, countries have also taken bilateral and multilateral action, including entering into trade and/or investment agreements. Further, the book explores regional investment trends, highlights specific features of Asia-Pacific investment laws and treaties, and analyses policy implications. It addresses four overarching themes: the trends (how Asia-Pacific's agreements compare with recent global trends in the evolving rules on foreign investment); what China is doing; current investment arbitration practice in Asia; and the importance of regionalising investment law in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, it identifies and discusses the research and policy gaps that should be filled in order to promote more sustainable and responsible investment. The book offers a valuable resource not only for academics and students, but also for trade and investment officials, policy-makers, diplomats, economists, lawyers, think tanks, and business leaders interested in the governance and regulation of foreign investment, economic policy reforms, and the development of new types of investment agreements.