This book provides an in-depth exploration of the legal regulations, contractual practices, and typical problems arising in international commercial transactions. The discussion is enhanced through practical examples, figures, templates, and checklists. The appendix contains important sample clauses and standard regulations. The work is addressed to attorneys and economists with legal experience.

Legal issues pertaining to groups of companies time after time appear on the regulatory agenda of the European Union in the field of company law. The author has taken the opportunity provided by the introduction of new Italian regulations for groups of companies in 2004, to compare fundamental issues of company law regarding groups both in Italian and German law with European perspectives.

The core structure of the regulatory regime for international civil aviation (the 'Chicago System') is inter-national. The features of the Chicago System were designed in an era when the world's airlines were State-owned, and the most pressing international concerns were for navigation and safety regulation. Economic liberalization and intense globalization since the Second World War have impacted on the industry; today, it is global. This book observes the developing governance of global aviation, taking into account the concepts of sovereignty, jurisdiction and territoriality, and the proliferation of actors and participants as partners in a global public policy network, to posit that an upgraded system of global governance for civil aviation helps to explain the emerging complex landscape for global governance of civil aviation. As evidence of the emerging, complex matrix of governance of global aviation, this book identifies and reviews a selection of contemporary, transnational economic and environmental challenges facing the globalized aviation sector, e.g. fair competition safeguards, consumer protection, noise pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and the respective 'legal' and policy actions taken at national level (United Arab Emirates, Qatar and People's Republic of China), regional level (the European Union) and international level (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and International Civil Aviation Organization). The book concludes that economic and environmental regulation of international aviation, designed for an inter-national world of yesterday, evolves into global governance of aviation, which is more suited for today's global world. This book will be of particular interest to scholars and practitioners of aviation law, competition law and environmental law, as well as in the areas of transnational law, global governance and international relations.

THE CREATION OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY On 9th May, 1950, M. Robert Schuman, the then Foreign Minister of France, speaking at a Press Conference in Paris, outlined the idea of establishing a Community within Europe to control the production of coal and steel. "The French Govern ment", he stated, "propose to place the whole of the Franco German production of coal and steel under a common high authorityl within an organisation open to the participation of other countries of Europe ... This will form the first concrete step towards a European Federation, which is indispensable for peace" 2. This statement, apart from the specific mention of a high authority, does not mention any proposed organs of such a Community, and, as will appear, no firm idea of the Community's structure existed at all at that date. Six weeks after this announcement in Paris, a Conference composed of the six States that were to form the Coal and Steel 4 Community3 met under the presidency of M. Monnet * This Conference continued its work "consciencieux et discret, rue 5 Martignac" until March, 1951 * The first reference that one finds to a judicial organ to control the activity of the Community is contained in the document sub mitted by the Commissariat general au Plan 6. When compared with 1 The term is given in small letters as a description rather than as a title. 2 Bulletin Quotidien, llth May, 1950.

Die indische Wirtschaft boomt und wird in den kommenden Jahren zu einem der weltweit wichtigsten M&A-Ziele avancieren. Insbesondere deutsche Unternehmen haben Indien als einen der Absatzmarkte der Zukunft erkannt und sind dort zunehmend aktiv. Dabei kommt es vermehrt auch zum Erwerb borsennotierter indischer Unternehmen. Akquisitionen borsennotierter Unternehmen, die in Deutschland unter das Wertpapiererwerbs- und Ubernahmegesetz (WpUG) fallen, unterliegen auch in Indien einem speziellen Regelungsregime, namlich den Securities and Exchange Board of India (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 1997. Dieses Praxishandbuch gibt nach einer kurzen Darstellung des allgemeinen Rechtsrahmens fur auslandische Direktinvestitionen auf dem Subkontinent einen Uberblick uber den Ablauf offentlicher Ubernahmen in Indien. Dabei stellt der Autor auch vergleichende Bezuge zum deutschen Ubernahmerecht her.

This work seeks to describe the role that actors in charge of financial system oversight should play in the future to prevent a crisis similar to the current financial crisis and should prevention fail to mitigate its effects. Against this backdrop, the work examines the role of supranational financial supervision as part of a regionally integrated financial system."

Die Europaische Kommission entwickelte ein neues System zur Akkreditierung und Zertifizierung von Waren (New/Global Approach). Es gewahrleistet den freien Warenaustausch technischer Produkte in Europa. Schritt fur Schritt fuhren die Autoren Leser durch den gesamten Ablauf: Wie Sie Zertifizierungsvoraussetzungen fur ihre Produkte bestimmen. Wie Sie Zertifizierer auswahlen. Wie sich die Zertifizierung auswirkt. Dieses anschauliche Handbuch unterstutzt Ingenieure, Betriebswirte, Juristen, Prufer (Zertifizierer) sowie Organisationen. Verstandlich und anhand von Beispielen zeigen die Autoren wie Anwender - auch ohne Vorwissen- mit den komplexen Anforderungen umzugehen haben. Plus: zahlreiche Abbildungen, Checkliste am Ende jedes Kapitels.

The examination systematically addresses the typical areas of conflict with regard to a closed corporation. In do so, legally-based comparative experience and findings from business economics are applied, while the European private company is consistently taken into account.

Double insurance is an issue which frequently arises in practice. Dr Nisha Mohamed delves into the problems which arise in double insurance and the attempts to provide a solution to the uncertainty of the law in this area. The book begins with a fascinating look at the history and development of the law of double insurance, outlining how it has developed, and the factors the court may take into account when deciding cases involving double insurance. Attempting to provide a common law solution where no legislation has been enacted, the book covers contemporary instances of double insurance by focusing on: the relevant clauses (rateable proportion, excess, escape and other insurance) the difficulty of the courts in providing clear principles in cases of double insurance attempts to limit or exclude liability by the insurer how the clauses work in practice court decisions in various jurisdictions the Australian position under section 45 of the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 whether the Australian position can be adopted in the United Kingdom This text combines practical experience with academic rigour and will be of significant interest to lawyers, academics and insurance industry professionals alike.

"Islamic Commercial Law: An Analysis of Futures and Options" is a ground-breaking study, written by a renowned scholar in the field of Islamic law, Prof M. H. Kamali, focusing on options and futures as trading tools, exploring their validity from an Islamic point of view. In this work, Prof M. H. Kamali advances a new perspective on the issue of futures and options based on an interpretation of the Qur'an and the Sunna and referring to the principle of "maslaha" (consideration of public interest) as enshrined in the Sharia.---"Islamic Commercial Law" consists of three parts. Part One is devoted to the description of futures trading and the understanding of operational procedures of futures and futures markets. Part Two investigates the issue of permissibility of futures trading in Islamic law and the underlying questions of risk-taking and speculation, which are of central concern to the topic. Part Three is devoted to an analysis of options. Prof M. H. Kamali concludes this work by providing the most advisable approach to commercial speculation in futures and options, especially the one that most serves the public interest as enshrined in Sharia. So as to aid the reader's understanding of this topic, the author also includes a helpful glossary of all technical Arabic terms that appear in this work. Prof M. H. Kamali's "Islamic Commercial Law" is recommended reading for anyone working on Islamic law, comparative law, or Islamic banking, and is an essential contribution to the topic of Islamic commercial law.

Die Bande behandeln das grundsatzliche Verhaltnis des Staates zur Wirtschaft in Deutschland. Sie stellen im einzelnen die verfassungsrechtlichen Grundprinzipien der sozialen Marktwirtschaft dar, die staatlichen Regelungsmoglichkeiten einerseits und die individuellen Freiheiten andererseits. Besonderer Wert wird auf die Rechtsfragen der Verflechtung im Rahmen der EU und der internationalen Beziehungen gelegt."

Innovative initiatives for online arbitration are needed to aid in resolving cross-border commercial and consumer disputes in the EU, UK, US and China. This book provides a comparative study of online dispute resolution (ODR) systems and a model of best practices, taking into consideration the features and characteristics of various practical experiences/examples of ODR services and technological development for ODR systems and platforms. The book begins with a theoretical approach, looking into the challenges in the use of online arbitration in commercial transactions and analysing the potential adoption of technology-assisted arbitration (e.g. Basic ODR systems and Intelligent/Advanced ODR systems) in resolving certain types of international commercial and consumer disputes. It then investigates the legal obstacles to adopting ODR by examining the compatibility of technology with current legislation and regulatory development. Finally, it suggests appropriate legal and technological measures to promote the recognition of ODR, in particular online arbitration, for cross-border commercial and consumer disputes. By exploring both the theoretical framework and the practical considerations of online arbitration, this book will be a vital reference for lawyers, policy-makers, government officials, industry professionals and academics who are involved with online arbitration.

Das Handbuch ermoglicht eine Risikoeinschatzung geplanter Fusionen und dient als Argumentationshilfe und Anleitung fur Fusionskontrollverfahren in China. Es orientiert sich an den fur die Praxis massgeblichen Gesichtspunkten und geht dabei auf die chinesische Fallpraxis und die Diskussion in der chinesischen Rechtsliteratur ein. Berucksichtigung finden auch die politischen und kulturellen Besonderheiten Chinas. Der Anhang enthalt Ubersetzungen der wichtigsten Rechtsvorschriften, juristischer Entscheidungen sowie Formulare.

Das vorliegende Forum bundelt vertiefende Grundsatzbeitrage zu wettbewerbstheoretischen, wettbewerbspolitischen und wettbewerbsrechtlichen Aspekten des vertikalen Marketings sowie Fachvortrage und Statements von Experten aus der Praxis, die sich kontrovers mit der vertikalen Preis- und Markenpflege auseinander setzen."

Commercial law is the label applied to the collection of rules and principles which cover dealings between parties acting in the course of business. Commercial law is as diverse as commercial life. Nonetheless, there are key ideas which underpin all types of commercial dealings. This book focuses on those key ideas and considers how modern commercial law implements them. This book argues that commercial law has three main concerns: - Agency. The extent to which multiple parties can act on behalf of a single commercial enterprise. Without agency rules, there could be no modern commercial economy. - Risk. Commercial parties run two main types of risk: performance risk (the risk that the provision of goods or services or credit is inadequate) and credit risk (the risk that money due for performance rendered is not paid). - Dealings. The ability of, and limits on, parties dealing with property, including transferring title and creating security interests. In the process of exploring this trilogy, the book considers pervasive themes in commercial law including sources for commercial law, freedom of contract and its limits, the need for certainty and predictability, and the appropriate role for obligations of good faith and fair dealing.

Since the beginnings of international law, the law of the sea has been of paramount importance for international trade. Yet this area of law and international trade regulations have developed as two distinct areas with little interface with each other. As the GATT/WTO emerged in parallel to the LOS Convention since the 1970s, both bodies have made extensive efforts in international treaty making. However, the relationship between trade regulations and the law of the sea has hardly been explored. The author examines some key aspects of this relationship, in particular port entry, access to cargo in coastal shipping (cabotage) and access to cargo in international shipping. The inclusion of services in WTO law will render this relationship of great importance in the future as the agreement extensively covers maritime transport. It is just a matter of time until the current exclusion of maritime transport under special exemptions will be reviewed in future negotiations. The book provides the background and a normative basis for approaching some of the problems which members of the WTO will have to address in coming years. It also deals briefly with the problem of choice of law and competing jurisdictions between trade law and maritime law.

Der Praxisleitfaden ist fur alle diejenigen geschrieben, die in Deutschland eine (kreditfinanzierte) Immobilie kaufen oder selbst bauen wollen. Der Autor stellt das Thema anschaulich und leicht verstandlich dar, wobei er pragnant und detailliert sowohl an rechtliche als auch an wirtschaftliche Fragestellungen heranfuhrt. Die Inhalte werden anhand von Beispielen mit konkreten Berechnungen und Bezugen zur aktuellen Rechtslage illustriert. Das Berechnungs-Tool hilft bei der Ermittlung der tatsachlichen Kosten einer Kreditfinanzierung.