Die Arbeit befasst sich mit spezifischen handels- und gesellschaftsrechtlichen Fragen der Ltd. & Co. KG. Der Autor legt zunachst dar, dass der Zulassigkeit dieser Form der Typenvermischung - auch im Vergleich zur UG & Co. KG - keine Bedenken entgegenstehen. Anschliessend setzt er sich mit Besonderheiten der handelsregisterlichen Behandlung der Ltd. & Co. KG auseinander. Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung zur Kapitalerhaltung der Ltd. & Co. KG wird gezeigt, dass eine analoge Anwendung des fur die GmbH & Co. KG entwickelten Kapitalschutzes ausscheidet. Die Loesung ist folglich durch ausdehnende Anwendung englischen Kapitalgesellschaftsrechts zu suchen. Abschliessend wird dargestellt, unter welchen Voraussetzungen Gesellschafter und Directors der Ltd. der Durchgriffshaftung unterliegen koennen.

Die Praxisrelevanz von Sonderprufungen im Aktienrecht hat zuletzt stark zugenommen. Der Autor untersucht die Rechtsdogmatik dieses Kontroll-instruments in Bezug auf die viel haufiger genutzte Rechtsform GmbH. Die Rechtswissenschaft hat das kollektive Kontrollrecht der Gesellschafter ( 46 Nr. 6 GmbHG), das Sonderprufungsbefugnisse beinhaltet, bislang kaum ergrundet. Dabei setzen gerade Kontrollbefugnisse in Gesellschafterkonflikten oft entscheidende Impulse. Diese Monographie analysiert die GmbH-rechtliche Sonderprufung erstmals umfassend. Den Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung bildet die Frage, inwieweit auch Minderheitsgesellschafter Sonderprufungen veranlassen koennen und wie sich dies durchsetzen lasst. Ein Schlusselaspekt ist dabei das Eingreifen von Stimmverboten beim Beschluss uber die Sonderprufung.

A theoretical discussion and internal critique of mainstream law and economics scholarship, especially as it approaches the issue of paternalism. Cserne discusses how, and to what extent, economic analysis can explain and/or justify the limitations on freedom of contract, with special emphasis on paternalism.

Mit der Umstellung von einem Marktbeherrschungstest auf den so genannten SIEC-Test (Significant Impediment to Effective Competition) wurde das materielle EU-Fusionskontrollrecht an den amerikanischen SLC-Test angenahert. In dieser Arbeit geht es um die Frage, inwieweit diese Neuregelung die Anwendungspraxis andert und wie dies zu bewerten ist. Hierfur wird eine Analyse der Entscheidungspraxis der europaischen und amerikanischen Gerichte und der EU-Kommission sowie der Grundsatze in EU und USA vorgenommen. Im Rahmen eines "more economic approach" entwickeln unilaterale Effekte - als wettbewerbswidrige Auswirkungen einer oligopolistischen Struktur - im Vergleich zu koordinierten Effekten einen ganz autonomen Inhalt. In diesem Kontext werden auch die Unterschiede im Fall eines homogenen oder eines heterogenen Produktmarktes klar und detailliert aufgezeigt. Anschliessend werden in einem industrieoekonomischen Ansatz neue Methoden wie die Merger Simulation Models oder die Bedeutung von Konsumentenpraferenzen fur das Auftreten von unilateralen Effekten besonders analysiert.

Copyright governance is in a state of flux because the boundaries between legal and illegal consumption have blurred. Trajce Cvetkovski interrogates the disorganizational effects of piracy and emerging technologies on the political economy of copyright in popular music, film and gaming industries.

Die Arbeit setzt sich eingehend und kritisch mit der AEnderung des 30 GmbHG durch das MoMiG auseinander. Vorausgegangen war das "November-Urteil" des BGH vom 24.11.2003, das wegen seiner Auswirkungen auf das Cash-Pooling eine uberaus lebhafte Diskussion ausgeloest hatte. Der Autor beleuchtet das Fur und Wider der durch das "Nichtanwendungsgesetz" wiederbelebten bilanziellen Betrachtungsweise und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Gesetzgeber des MoMiG ebenso wie zuvor der BGH - wenn auch in entgegengesetzter Richtung - uber das Ziel hinausgeschossen ist. Er pladiert fur ein neues Verstandnis des Auszahlungsbegriffs bzw. Auszahlungszeitpunkts in konsequenter Anwendung der bilanziellen Betrachtungsweise und in Verbindung mit dem Korrektiv des Drittvergleichs.

Verlasst der einzige Komplementar die Kommanditgesellschaft, besteht die Gesellschaft ausschliesslich aus Kommanditisten. Dies ist dem Personengesellschaftsrecht fremd, denn dort gilt im Glaubigerinteresse der Grundsatz der unbeschrankten Gesellschafterhaftung. Demgegenuber sind die Kommanditisten am Fortbestand ihrer Haftungsbeschrankung interessiert, wahrend sich der Komplementar auf sein Recht beruft, seine Mitgliedschaft in der Gesellschaft zu beenden. Diese Arbeit unterzieht die fur das Ausscheiden des einzigen Komplementars vorgeschlagenen Loesungskonzepte einer kritischen Analyse. Unter Berucksichtigung der massgeblichen gesellschaftsrechtlichen Grundlagen entwickelt sie sowohl fur die mehr- als auch die zweigliedrige Kommanditgesellschaft eine allseits interessengerechte Loesung.

Providing a scholarly analysis of how to govern and make the right kinds of laws for cyberspace, in this work, Professor Reed investigates the vast majority of cyberspace users who wish to act lawfully and asks whether the current state of law in cyberspace makes it possible for them to do so. If not, why not, and what is the cure?
In this book, Professor Reed puts forward a new model for cyberspace laws which focuses on human actions rather than the technology used. Arguing that, in cyberspace, law works primarily through voluntary obedience rather than fear of enforcement, Professor Reed explains his thoughtful and controversial new viewpoint as to how cyberspace laws should be devised and re-opens the debate as to the value of law for regulating cyberspace and how best to influence the behaviour of cyberspace actors. The only text to comprehensively analyse European cyberspace lawmaking, this book provides a new perspective to the debate about the proper shape and scope of internet laws.

The examination systematically addresses the typical areas of conflict with regard to a closed corporation. In do so, legally-based comparative experience and findings from business economics are applied, while the European private company is consistently taken into account.

The main rationale of the conventions on international transport law is to limit the liability of the carrier. However, an aspect common to these conventions is that in cases of "wilful misconduct" the carrier is liable without any financial limitation. "Wilful misconduct" denoting a high degree of fault is an established term in English law. The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air (Warsaw Convention) of 1929 was the first international convention on transport law where the term was employed. A definition of "wilful misconduct," which can be found in later conventions regarding carriage of goods and passengers as well, was implemented in the Hague Protocol of 1955, amending the Warsaw Convention. However, the question as to exactly which degree of fault constitutes "wilful misconduct" has to date remained controversial and unanswered. This work seeks to answer this question. To this end, the historical background of the term, together with its function and role in marine insurance law, case law and international transport law, are examined from a comparative perspective.

A freshly provocative look at the nexus linking EU security, trans-Turkey energy supply routes to Europe and Turkey's EU membership negotiations, this book argues that Europe's collective energy security prospects have become increasingly tied to Turkey's progress towards joining the EU.

Risk behaviour and risk management in business life influence a wide range of fields in which only a very limited amount of research has been undertaken. These topics have often been treated as if they were theoretically and practically isolated from other fields, the so called risk archipelago problem. What is actually needed is another focus, in which the problem of risk is treated as a central theme. The demand for interdisciplinary research means that there is a need for crossing scientific boundaries. In approaching risk problems from a holistic perspective there is also a parallel need for linking the scientific and the business worlds. Researchers must work closely together in concrete multidisciplinary research projects and in co-operation with the industrial world in seeking out and solving research problems of importance. This book contains selected and re-written papers, and key-note speeches presented in a risk-seminar that Stockholm University organised in June 1997. The seminar, in which 200 researchers and practitioners from 26 countries participated, was divided into four main topic areas: Risk Assessment and Credit Management, Psychology in Business Life, Risk Management in Small Firms and Law and Business Risk. In writing this book, the editor invited eight professors from four continents to assist him in introducing the reader to the different and scientific disciplines and in explaining the need for interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary risk research projects. The book consists of eight chapters and the target groups are researchers, doctoral and master students at universities and business people working in the risk management area.

Heinrich Caro (1834-1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.

Intellectual property has rapidly become one of the most important, as well as most controversial, subjects in recent years amongst productive thinkers of many kinds all over the world. Scientific work and technological progress now depend largely on questions of who owns what, as do the success and profits of countless authors, artists, inventors, researchers and industrialists. Economic, legal and ethical issues play a central role in the increasingly complex balance between unilateral gains and universal benefits from the "knowledge society." Economics, Law and Intellectual Property explores the field in both depth and breadth through the latest views of leading experts in Europe and the United States. It provides a fundamental understanding of the problems and potential solutions, not only in doing practical business with ideas and innovations, but also on the level of institutions that influence such business. Addressing a range of readers from individual scholars to company managers and policy makers, it gives a unique perspective on current developments.

National tax authorities individually determine multinational ?rms' country-speci?c tax liabilities by applying one or more sanctioned transfer pricing methodologies. These methodologies are founded on basic assumptions about market structure and ?rm behavior that are rarely empirically valid. Moreover, for the most part, the transfer pricing methodologies now in vogue were developed before the Internet became a dominant factor in the world economy, and hedge and private equity funds transformed ?nancial and commodities markets. For these reasons, multinational ?rms are unable to accurately anticipate their tax liabilities in individual countries, and remain at risk of double taxation. Uncertainties in corporate tax liability are extremely costly, both for individual corporations and from an economy-wide perspective. Firms pay exorbitant fees to have tax attorneys, accountants and economists prepare the documentation required by tax authorities to substantiate their intercompany pricing practices and defend their tax positions on audit. Corporate tax liabilities are also potentially much higher than they would be under a more transparent and predictable transfer pricing regime (due to the potential for double taxation and penalties), and investors' returns are reduced accordingly. The FASB's Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (released on July 13, 2006), has motivated multinational ?rms to increase their reserves substantially (in many cases at the insistence of their au- tors), reducing the total funds available for productive investment. 1 The current transfer pricing regimes are embodied in the OECD Guidelines, individual OECD member countries' interpretations thereof, the U. S.

The typical British publicly traded company has widely dispersed share ownership and is run by professionally trained managers who collectively own an insufficiently large percentage of shares to dictate the outcome when shareholders vote. This separation of ownership and control has not only dictated the tenor of corporate governance debate in Britain but serves to distinguish the UK from most other countries. Existing theories fail to account adequately for arrangements in the UK. Corporate Ownership and Control accordingly seeks to explain why ownership became divorced from control in major British companies.
The book is organized by reference to the 'sell side', which encompasses the factors that might prompt those owning large blocks of shares to exit or accept dilution of their stake, and the 'buy side', which involves factors that motivate investors to buy equities and deter the new shareholders from themselves exercising control. The book's approach is strongly historical in orientation, as it examines how matters evolved from the 17th century right through to today. While a modern-style divorce of ownership and control can be traced back at least as far as mid-19th century railways, the 'outsider/arms-length' system of ownership and control that currently characterizes British corporate governance did not crystallize until the middle of the 20th century. The book brings the story right up to date by showing current arrangements are likely to be durable. Correspondingly, the insights the book offers should remain salient for some time to come.

In recent years, financial engineering has developed new ways of financing deals based primarily on the capacity of the operations to generate sufficient cash for the repayment of loans or bonds. The business of structured finance has then become an interesting business area for non-financial companies, investment and commercial banks and consultants. In terms of volumes, it shows figures easily comparable to other, more traditional, sources of funding.

This book provides the reader with an analysis of the characteristics of structured finance deals asset-backed securitization, project finance, structured leasing and leveraged acquisitions together with updated data on the current state of the international financial markets for these operations."

This book presents a clear and precise overview of the key aspects of German business law. It was written by attorneys involved in the daily practice of bu- ness law in Germany and is aimed at people who wish to orient themselves quickly with the German legal system and the manner in which it impacts bu- ness purchases, establishment, operations and liquidations. The first section of the book is devoted to an explanation of the major issues to be considered in acquiring or establishing a business in Germany. The second section focuses on areas of commercial law that are important for an operating business. In comparison to the last edition four new areas (transportation law, customs regulations, insurance law and state liability law) are treated. The f- lowing sections deal with labor law as an independent part of German business law and with computer law. Furthermore, procedural law and European law are addressed. Finally, the last two sections of the book are devoted to an overview over the German tax law, which has an enormous impact on business decisions, and IP law. In all sections special attention has been paid to highlighting and explaining the differences between the German legal system and that of the United States. Nevertheless, the intention is to provide information that will prove valuable to all foreigners, particularly business men and women and lawyers advising clients with an interest in doing business in Germany.

In declaring the war against terrorism President George W. Bush also declared war on the financing of terrorism. The call to arms has been complemented by a concerted effort world-wide to track down and freeze the assets of suspected terrorists and financial institutions have risen to these challenges over the last year contributing their expertise gathered mostly through techniques to combat money laundering. In this book bankers, regulators and academics pose a variety of questions from their individual perspectives: To what extent are new laws really new? What can financial institutions realistically contribute to the suppression of terrorist financing? Can individual rights be protected in these circumstances? These questions are analysed by experts who come up with some thought provoking answers.

Preface by T. Morrison, Director-General of the European Diagnostic Manufacturers Association. Contributors: W. Kewenig; G. Forlani, J. Marriage, G. Ulloa This book is based upon a report prepared at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to set out the existing laws regulating the development, production, distribution and use of in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDMD) in the U.K., Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Each national section has the same structure and covers the same ground in order to enable comparisons. IVDM Devices includes not only reagents, but also technical instruments, or combination of both, for human use. The book is directed towards industry and the regulation is covered with a high degree of specificity. This reference book, completely written in English, is the only comprehensive exposition of the laws of the five countries regarding IVDM Devices available. It is also the most convenient means of comparing those laws. As such, it will be a useful guide to all IVDM Devices manufacturers interested in the European market.