Since 2010, the Inter-university chair in law and the Human Genome has been involved in an EU 7th Framework Programme funded Project called Sybhel, leading work package 5. The aim of this work package was to face the issues related to synthetic biology and intellectual property rights. In these years, the Chair organized two international workshops devoted to this topic, collecting a number of high level unpublished papers redacted by some of the most prominent experts in this field worldwide, including Stephen Maurer, Joachim Henkel, Ingrid Schneider, etc. We consider that it would be extremely interesting to have them all gathered in a unique contributed volume, which would be the first book exclusively dedicated to analyze the implications that Synbio may involve in what refers to the currently existing intellectual property rights system.

No information found for this edition. Blurb for previous ed. from publisher's website: Commercial Law Essentials is an invaluable study guide for students. It provides up-to-date, concise and comprehensive coverage of Commercial Law and its effect on the law of Scotland and is the ideal text for students who come new to the subject and for those preparing for exams. This book is also an excellent resource for those who need to refresh or update their knowledge. Summary sections of Essential Facts and Essentials Cases will help students to identify, understand and remember the key elements of the subject.

Das Buch untersucht den Inhalt der Aufgreifkriterien in der europaischen, deutschen, taiwanesischen und festlandchinesischen Fusionskontrolle. Der Autor geht zuerst von einem Konkretisierungsmechanismus bei der Konkretisierung der Aufgreifkriterien aus. Danach werden die in der Praxis am haufigsten vorkommenden Zusammenschlusssachverhalte, namlich Fusion, Kontrollerwerb, Grundung eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens, Anteils- und Anteilsrechtserwerb sowie Vermoegenserwerb, nach den jeweiligen Vorschriften untersucht. Es werden die in der europaischen, deutschen, taiwanesischen und festlandchinesischen Fusionskontrollpraxis entstandenen Streitfragen ausgeleuchtet und klare Loesungsvorschlage zugleich unterbreitet.

Mit der Umstellung von einem Marktbeherrschungstest auf den so genannten SIEC-Test (Significant Impediment to Effective Competition) wurde das materielle EU-Fusionskontrollrecht an den amerikanischen SLC-Test angenahert. In dieser Arbeit geht es um die Frage, inwieweit diese Neuregelung die Anwendungspraxis andert und wie dies zu bewerten ist. Hierfur wird eine Analyse der Entscheidungspraxis der europaischen und amerikanischen Gerichte und der EU-Kommission sowie der Grundsatze in EU und USA vorgenommen. Im Rahmen eines "more economic approach" entwickeln unilaterale Effekte - als wettbewerbswidrige Auswirkungen einer oligopolistischen Struktur - im Vergleich zu koordinierten Effekten einen ganz autonomen Inhalt. In diesem Kontext werden auch die Unterschiede im Fall eines homogenen oder eines heterogenen Produktmarktes klar und detailliert aufgezeigt. Anschliessend werden in einem industrieoekonomischen Ansatz neue Methoden wie die Merger Simulation Models oder die Bedeutung von Konsumentenpraferenzen fur das Auftreten von unilateralen Effekten besonders analysiert.

This timely new work provides the most comprehensive coverage of debt restructuring tools available in the UK including analysis of the new restructuring plan under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006 and emerging themes from related precedent case law. The book is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive analysis of the new restructuring plan. Part A explains the law and practical application of the main types of creditor schemes of arrangement and restructuring plans in the UK. It analyses the tools available to market participants and other key stakeholders by reference to the capital structures most commonly seen in middle market and top tier European financings. Part B provides a comparative analysis between company voluntary arrangements (including recent case law) and schemes and restructuring plans to enhance the reader's understanding of the implications of the various tools available. Part C covers administration and receivership sales and appropriations under the Financial Collateral Arrangements Regulations for private and public companies, written from the perspective of a practitioner with practical issues in mind. The primary subject matters of the book are complemented by chapters analysing the "distressed disposals" regime in the Loan Market Association form of Intercreditor Agreement, liability management transactions under high yields nots/bonds, and scheme/restructuring plan-related pensions issues. This work is essential reading for all insolvency and debt finance lawyers advising on financial restructurings in the UK and Ireland. It provides practitioners involved in "new money" lending with a greater understanding of the consequences that transaction structuring and commonly negotiated features (e.g, debt incurrence regimes and other covenants, controls, and carve-outs) may have in a workout scenario.

Over the past two decades, governments have delegated extensive regulatory authority to international private-sector organizations. This internationalization and privatization of rule making has been motivated not only by the economic benefits of common rules for global markets, but also by the realization that government regulators often lack the expertise and resources to deal with increasingly complex and urgent regulatory tasks. "The New Global Rulers" examines who writes the rules in international private organizations, as well as who wins, who loses--and why.

Tim Buthe and Walter Mattli examine three powerful global private regulators: the International Accounting Standards Board, which develops financial reporting rules used by corporations in more than a hundred countries; and the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission, which account for 85 percent of all international product standards. Buthe and Mattli offer both a new framework for understanding global private regulation and detailed empirical analyses of such regulation based on multi-country, multi-industry business surveys. They find that global rule making by technical experts is highly political, and that even though rule making has shifted to the international level, domestic institutions remain crucial. Influence in this form of global private governance is not a function of the economic power of states, but of the ability of domestic standard-setters to provide timely information and speak with a single voice. Buthe and Mattli show how domestic institutions' abilities differ, particularly between the two main standardization players, the United States and Europe."

This is the most comprehensive book focusing on the law and practice of Company Voluntary Arrangements (CVAs), bringing together analysis of the recent case law and legislation in one volume. CVAs originated in the 1980s as a simple restructuring tool for small businesses, but are now used in a wide variety of contexts, including by companies with real estate leasehold liabilities. Many high profile businesses have sought to take advantage of the flexibility of the procedure, and this has increased in light of the difficulties caused by the Covid 19 pandemic. The book considers recent judgments such as Debenhams, New Look, and Regis, drawing out the legal principles that have been applied. Practical aspects relating to CVAs are considered in the context of the law including consideration of the relative benefits and disadvantages of a CVA, as compared with the new restructuring plan procedure under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006. Written by leading restructuring lawyers in the UK (in consultation with insolvency practitioners and accountants), UK property counsel and international counsel from Ireland, the USA and Canada. This work is an essential resource for all insolvency and restructuring professionals, private equity investors, special situations investment and real estate funds, property agents and advisers, management teams and academics.

The fast-growing last decade of strong economic growth of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has played a critical role in Asia-Pacific regionalism and global trade. This book explores the concept of ASEAN law under the normative framework of the new regional economic order. It examines the roadmap of the new ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 by evaluating the impact of ASEAN trade agreements on domestic legislation on professional services, financial integration, investment disputes and digital trade. More importantly, it sheds light on the legal implications of ASEAN's agreements with China and India and the potential developments of mega-regional trade agreements such as the CPTPP and the RCEP. Hence, the legal analysis and case studies in the book offer a fresh view of Asia-Pacific integration and bridge the gap between academia and practice.

"This book provides a fresh approach to building a fashion business. I believe that both academics and startup businesses would find this book useful." Karen Edwards, University of South Carolina, USA "I think that this text will be very useful to anyone working in fashion. I would certainly recommend it as reference reading to MBA students and to undergraduates who are taking entrepreneurship courses." Thomai Serdari, New York University, USA Learn how to protect your business through prevention with a fashion compliance program. The book takes a merchandise-centric "how-to" approach. It explains the laws related to fashion compliance including, labeling, marketing, testing, importing and exporting, record keeping, and more. Written by a fashion-law expert, the book includes interviews with professionals and discusses the European Union apparel label law, as well as relevant United States' laws, to help you run your fashion business.

1. 1 Investments, Generic Contracts, Payments According to Volume I, contracts are one of the five generic legal tools used to manage cash flow, risk, agency relationships, and information. Many investments are therefore based on one or more contracts. Obviously, the firm should draft good contracts. Good drafting can ensure the same intended cash flow with reduced risk. Bad drafting can increase risk. This volume attempts to deconstruct contracts used by non-financial firms and analyse them from a cash flow, risk, agency, and information perspective. The starting point is a generic contract, i. e. a contract which does not belong to any particular contract type (Chapters 2-7). This volume will also focus on payment obligations. Payment obligations are characteristic of all financial instruments, and they can range from simple payment obligations in minor sales contracts and traditional lending contracts (Chapters 8- 11). 1. 2 Particular Contract Types A number of particular contract types have been discussed in the other volumes of this book. (1) A certain party's investment contract can be another party's fu- ing contract. Particular investment contracts will therefore be discussed in Volume III in the context of funding. (2) Many contracts are necessary in the context of business acquisitions discussed in Volume III. (3) Multi-party contracts are c- mon in corporate finance. The firm's contracts with two or more parties range from syndicated loans to central counterparties' contracts. Such contracts will be discussed both in Chapter 12 and Volume III.

The regulation of technology is an important and topical area of law, relevant to almost all aspects of society. Technology Law: Australian and International Perspectives presents a thorough exploration of the new legal challenges created by evolving technologies, from the use of facial recognition technology in criminal investigations to the rise and regulation of cryptocurrencies. A well-written and fascinating introduction to technology law in Australia and internationally, Technology Law provides thorough coverage of the theoretical perspectives, legislation, cases and developing issues where technology and the law interact. The text covers data protection and privacy, healthcare technology, criminal justice technology, commercial transactions, cybercrime, social media and intellectual property, and canvasses the future of technology and technology law. Written by leading experts in the field, Technology Law is an excellent resource for law students and legal professionals with an interest in the area.

This accessible work provides critical analysis and context to international capital markets, their regulation, and their institutions. It is written from a comparative and international perspective and analyses regulatory approaches in the US, UK, and EU, as well as smaller markets engaging in successful innovation. International Capital Markets presents a comprehensive volume drawing the field of international capital markets regulation and institutions together, split into sections addressing the characteristics of capital markets, the basic principles of their regulation, and their institutions; the regulatory characteristics in significant markets including the US, UK, EU, and Asia, and examines how these interact with each other; market institutions, trading venues, and intermediaries; and the capital market activities of international financial institutions such as the IMF and The World Bank. This second edition considers the impact of Brexit on capital markets in Europe and analyses developments in regulation and approach as a consequence of the shifting dynamics in the UK and EU markets. The activity and efficacy of regulators such as the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) are examined in the context of the EU and international markets respectively. In Asia, the capital markets have also seen many changes since the first edition, particularly in Hong Kong and China. These developments are analysed and the legal and practical implications are explained. This single volume presents a conceptual overview of the regulatory landscape and an understanding of the background and operation of the non-domestic regulation in this area, making it a comprehensive yet accessible resource for practicing lawyers, bankers, regulators, academics, and postgraduate students interested in international capital markets.

This accessible work provides critical analysis and context to international capital markets, their regulation, and their institutions. It is written from a comparative and international perspective and analyses regulatory approaches in the US, UK, and EU, as well as smaller markets engaging in successful innovation. International Capital Markets presents a comprehensive volume drawing the field of international capital markets regulation and institutions together, split into sections addressing the characteristics of capital markets, the basic principles of their regulation, and their institutions; the regulatory characteristics in significant markets including the US, UK, EU, and Asia, and examines how these interact with each other; market institutions, trading venues, and intermediaries; and the capital market activities of international financial institutions such as the IMF and The World Bank. This second edition considers the impact of Brexit on capital markets in Europe and analyses developments in regulation and approach as a consequence of the shifting dynamics in the UK and EU markets. The activity and efficacy of regulators such as the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) are examined in the context of the EU and international markets respectively. In Asia, the capital markets have also seen many changes since the first edition, particularly in Hong Kong and China. These developments are analysed and the legal and practical implications are explained. This single volume presents a conceptual overview of the regulatory landscape and an understanding of the background and operation of the non-domestic regulation in this area, making it a comprehensive yet accessible resource for practicing lawyers, bankers, regulators, academics, and postgraduate students interested in international capital markets.

Die KGaA feiert in diesem Jahr ihren 300. Geburtstag. Seither ist es nicht gelungen, ein konsistentes Besteuerungssystem zu entwickeln. Diese Arbeit untersucht die kontraren intransparenten und transparenten Besteuerungsmodelle und zeigt ihre Konsequenzen fur Gewinnermittlung und -verteilung, Organschaft, Umwandlungssteuerrecht, UEbertragung von Einzelwirtschaftsgutern, Verfahrensrecht sowie das Doppelbesteuerungsrecht anhand eines fortlaufenden Fallbeispiels auf. Die Arbeit legt die Rahmenbedingungen einer konsequenten KGaA-Besteuerung dar und pladiert fur die Mitunternehmerthese, wobei sie sich mit der Korrekturfunktion des 9 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 KStG, der Gewerbesteuer, der Zinsschranke, der Anwendbarkeit von 8c KStG sowie 34a EStG befasst und gesetzgeberischen Handlungsbedarf aufzeigt.

Personal debt remains an important factor in many economic models because it encourages people to use debt to finance consumption. Whether this model is sustainable for individuals or the countries in which they reside is an ongoing question of great complexity and many social and economic implications, not only for the burdened individuals and their countries, but also for the EU as a whole. In Personal Debt in Europe, Federico Ferretti and Daniela Vandone examine the 'dark side' of personal debt, or over-indebtedness, in social and economic terms, and legal terms. They employ cross-country consumer-level data to present the latest empirical studies on the problem, analyse these findings to better understand its nature and causes, and discuss the merits of proposed insolvency legislation and harmonisation initiatives in the EU.

This book presents a clear and precise overview of the key aspects of German business law. It was written by attorneys involved in the daily practice of bu- ness law in Germany and is aimed at people who wish to orient themselves quickly with the German legal system and the manner in which it impacts bu- ness purchases, establishment, operations and liquidations. The first section of the book is devoted to an explanation of the major issues to be considered in acquiring or establishing a business in Germany. The second section focuses on areas of commercial law that are important for an operating business. In comparison to the last edition four new areas (transportation law, customs regulations, insurance law and state liability law) are treated. The f- lowing sections deal with labor law as an independent part of German business law and with computer law. Furthermore, procedural law and European law are addressed. Finally, the last two sections of the book are devoted to an overview over the German tax law, which has an enormous impact on business decisions, and IP law. In all sections special attention has been paid to highlighting and explaining the differences between the German legal system and that of the United States. Nevertheless, the intention is to provide information that will prove valuable to all foreigners, particularly business men and women and lawyers advising clients with an interest in doing business in Germany.

Women, Business and the Law 2022 is the eighth in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women's economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women's interactions with the law as they move through their careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. Amid a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, 'Women, Business and the Law 2022' identifies barriers to women's economic participation and encourages reform of discriminatory laws. This year, the study also includes pilot research related to childcare and implementation of the law. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women's economic empowerment. The indicators build evidence of the critical relationship between legal gender equality and women's employment and entrepreneurship. Data in 'Women, Business and the Law 2022' are current as of October 1, 2021.

Dieses Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen des Wirtschaftsprivatrechts klar strukturiert, kompakt, praxisbezogen und fallorientiert. Es richtet sich in erster Linie an Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Studierende, die Recht im Nebenfach belegen, unterstutzt aber auch angehende Juristen optimal bei der Klausur- und Prufungsvorbereitung. Neben Abbildungen, die den Lernstoff visualisieren, finden sich darin zahlreiche Aufgaben zur Selbstkontrolle. Beispielsfalle mit Loesungshinweisen sowie die begleitend angebotene SN Flashcards Lern App erhoehen den Lernerfolg zusatzlich.

From a technological standpoint, geography is largely irrelevant. Data flows through the internet without regard for political borders or territories. Services, communication, and interaction can occur online between persons who may be in different countries. Illegal activities, like hacking, cyberespionage, propagating terrorist propaganda, defamation, revenge porn, and illegal marketplaces may all be remotely targeted and accessed from various countries. As such, the internet has created an interesting and complex set of challenges for the concept of jurisdiction and conflicts of law. This title takes a comparative approach covering the EU, UK, US, Germany, and China. Broken into four parts, this book delves into the notion of jurisdiction as it relates to the internet. Part I focuses on the different meanings of the concept of jurisdiction, from a legal and historical perspective, and distinguishing between the different branches of government. It will highlight the challenges created by the internet, including social media and cloud computing. Part II analyses criminal jurisdiction, in regards to both jurisdictions in cybercrime cases and jurisdictional issues relating to criminal investigations (access to the cloud) and enforcement. Part III examines jurisdiction and applicable law in civil and commercial matters, such as e-commerce B2B and B2C contracts, torts typically occurring online, and online defamation and privacy infringement. Finally, Part IV looks at regulatory jurisdiction, examining the power of the executive (whether an arm of government or independent regulator) to apply and enforce national law. It will look at aspects like the provision of online audio-visual media services and online gambling services, both of which are heavily regulated, but which can be easily provided remotely from different jurisdictions. The book concludes by analysing how the concept of jurisdiction should be adapted to ensure the rule of law by nation states and prevent international conflicts between states. This title gives a comprehensive look at the complicated subject of internet jurisdiction, essential for all dealing with jurisdictions in the modern age.

Das Buch setzt sich vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Rechtsprechung mit der Frage auseinander, ob verdeckte Gewinnausschuttungen einer GmbH zugleich schenkungsteuerliche Folgen nach sich ziehen koennen. Besondere Probleme stellen sich, wenn mehrere Personen an der Vermoegensverschiebung beteiligt sind. Es gelingt dem Autor, die vielschichtigen und rechtsgebietsubergreifenden Probleme im Zusammenhang mit Vermoegensverschiebungen zwischen Kapitalgesellschaften und ihren Gesellschaftern sowie nahestehenden Personen in einer einheitlichen Darstellung zu erfassen. Unter kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit den in Rechtsprechung und Literatur vertretenen Loesungsansatzen legt er dar, dass das Steuerrecht bei sachgerechter Auslegung bereits eine systematische Loesung zur Verfugung stellt.

Der Autor untersucht die Haftungsverfassung der Gesellschaft burgerlichen Rechts, die durch die Anerkennung ihrer eigenen Rechtsfahigkeit und das Bekenntnis zu einer akzessorischen Haftung der Gesellschafter neu konzipiert wurde. Daran schliesst sich die Frage, ob die Aufwertung der GbR zum selbststandigen Rechtstrager tatsachlich mit einer gesteigerten Einstandspflicht der "unschuldigen" Gesellschafter mit ihrem Privatvermoegen fur Delikte ihrer Mitgesellschafter "bezahlt wird". Anhand einer umfassenden historischen und teleologischen Untersuchung stellt das Buch dar, dass eine uneingeschrankte solidarische Haftung der Mitgesellschafter im Deliktsbereich mit grundlegenden gesetzlichen Wertungen nicht vereinbar ist. Aus der als notwendig erkannten teleologischen Reduktion des 128 HGB entwickelt der Autor ein eigenstandiges Haftungsmodell nach dem Konzept einer subsidiaren Ausfallhaftung, das die erkannten Wertungswiderspruche zwischen Verschuldensprinzip, Gesellschafterhaftung und Glaubigerschutz in einen angemessenen Ausgleich bringt.

Das Buch behandelt den Verjahrungsbeginn nach 199 Abs. 1 BGB bei Anspruchen von AG und GmbH gegen ihre Geschaftsleiter. Ziel ist es, umfassend zu klaren, durch wessen Kenntnis auf Organebene und unterhalb der Organebene der Verjahrungsbeginn bewirkt wird. Der Verfasser kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass fur den Verjahrungsbeginn entgegen der herrschenden Meinung auf die Kenntnis des Organs abzustellen ist, das im Rahmen der internen Willensbildung uber die Geltendmachung des Anspruchs gegen den Geschaftsleiter entscheidet. Daneben ist fur den Verjahrungsbeginn auf sog. Wissensvertreter abzustellen. AG und GmbH unterliegen im Rahmen des 199 Abs. 1 BGB keiner Wissensorganisationspflicht.

Die Tatigkeit von Finanzinvestoren steht seit einigen Jahren vermehrt im Fokus der oeffentlichen Diskussion. Auf der Suche nach neuen Anlageformen hat die Zahl der fremdfinanzierten Unternehmenskaufe insbesondere in den letzten Jahren stetig zugenommen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt hierbei auf dem sog. Leveraged-Buyout, einem Finanzierungsinstrument zum Erwerb von Unternehmen mit dem Ziel, einen moeglichst hohen Gewinn des investierten Geldes unter Ausnutzung des Leverage-Effektes (Hebeleffektes) zu erreichen. Der Autor stellt die betriebswirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftsrechtlichen Grundlagen von Leveraged-Buyout-Modellen zusammenfassend dar, um im Anschluss die strafrechtlichen Risiken solcher Finanzierungen fur die handelnden Organe aufzuzeigen.

Durch das Wertpapiererwerbs- und UEbernahmegesetz (WpUEG) wurde zum 01.01.2002 erstmals in Deutschland eine verbindliche Regelung fur oeffentliche Angebote zum Erwerb von Wertpapieren eingefuhrt. Im Rahmen dieser Regelung nimmt die 30-prozentige Kontrollschwelle des 29 Abs. 2 WpUEG eine wichtige Stellung ein. In die Berechnung dieser Kontrollschwelle gehen neben Stimmrechten aus Aktien, die dem Bieter selbst gehoeren, in besonderen Fallen auch Stimmrechte aus Aktien ein, die von einem Dritten gehalten werden. Voraussetzung fur die Zurechnung dieser Stimmrechte ist, dass der Bieter die Moeglichkeit hat, auf die Stimmrechtausubung des Dritten Einfluss zu nehmen. 30 WpUEG beinhaltet sieben unterschiedliche Zurechnungstatbestande. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen, Anwendungsprobleme und Auswirkungen der einzelnen Zurechnungstatbestande zu untersuchen.