Phylogenetic (evolutionary) trees and networks are widely used throughout evolutionary biology, epidemiology, and ecology to infer the historical relationships between species through inherited characteristics. Semple and Steel discuss the mathematics that underlies the reconstruction and analysis of these phylogenetic trees.

Aiming to "modernise" the course through the integration of Mathematica, this publication introduces students to its multivariable uses, instructs them on its use as a tool in simplifying calculations, and presents introductions to geometry, mathematical physics, and kinematics. The authors make it clear that Mathematica is not algorithms, but at the same time, they clearly see the ways in which Mathematica can make things cleaner, clearer and simpler. The sets of problems give students an opportunity to practice their newly learned skills, covering simple calculations, simple plots, a review of one-variable calculus using Mathematica for symbolic differentiation, integration and numerical integration, and also cover the practice of incorporating text and headings into a Mathematica notebook. The accompanying diskette contains both Mathematica 2.2 and 3.0 version notebooks, as well as sample examination problems for students, which can be used with any standard multivariable calculus textbook. It is assumed that students will also have access to an introductory primer for Mathematica.

This volume will contain papers from the 5th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop, University of Birmingham, UK, 8-10 September 1998. The theme of the workshop is Connectionist Models in Cognitive Neuroscience, a topic which covers many important issues ranging from modelling physiological structure, to cognitive function and its disorders in neuropsychological and psychiatric cases. The workshop is intended to bring together researchers from such diverse disciplines as artificial intelligence, applied mathematics, cognitive science, computer science, neurobiology, philosophy and psychology, to discuss their work on the connectionist modelling of psychology. The papers will provide a state of the art summary of ongoing research in this exciting and fast-moving field. As such this volume will provide a valuable contribution to the Perspectives in Neural Computing series.

Economists are increasingly using computer simulations to understand the implications of their theoretical models and to make policy recommendations. New model solution techniques are required to deal with the increasingly important role of dynamics and uncertainty in macroeconomics. This book consists of articles by leading contributors in the field showing how to use these techniques in the context of standard macroeconomic models.

Computer simulation is increasingly used in physics and engineering to predict the probable outcome of experiments and to aid in their interpretation. The methods of simulation are based on a range of numerical techniques for treating ordinary and partial differential equations. Since much of physics can be broken down into a relatively small set of fundamental equations, there is a set of very general methods which can be widely applied. This text aims to give an introduction to those methods suitable for readers at an undergraduate level and those meeting the subject for the first time at postgraduate level. The methods are illustrated with simple programs and problems. The book covers a range of material not available in a simple form in a single text elsewhere.

Turbidite sandstone successions are common elements of the stratigraphic content of sedimentary basins, and are important hydrocarbon reservoirs in many parts of the world. This book addresses the important issue of mass-flow sedimentation modelling in the framework of basin-fill dynamics and sequence stratigraphy. The proposed computer algorithm, based on the slope instability criterion and DEMOSTRAT's diffusion equation, can be used to predict the timing and spatial effects of mass-flow sedimentation in a sedimentary basin under conditions specified by the modeller. This volume is for researchers, lecturers and postgraduate students. It will be of particular interest to petroleum geologists and those working for oil companies concerned with exploration of deep-marine siliciclastic successions for hydrocarbon reserves.

This book contains papers presented at the Noblesse Workshop on Non-linear model based image analysis held in Glasgow, 1-3 July 1998. Current models have mainly been developed for image coding purposes. They are rather simple and far away from being optimal and do not contribute to more complex tasks like those needed in image databases. This book meets the challenging tasks in multimedia applications by discussing new sophisticated model-based schemes for a high-level description of images and image sequences. Novel results are covered in the papers presented in this book, opening new potential fields of application like the support for building databases in multimedia applications, image archiving and image sequence coding, including such topics as: - 3D Image Models; Image/Video Restoration; Segmentation and Object Oriented Coding; Colour Image Processing; Database Retrieval; Image Models; Video Pre- and Post processing

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery, DGCI '97, held in Montpellier, France, in December 1997. The volume presents 17 revised full papers together with three invited full papers. The contributions are organized in sections on 2D recognition, discrete shapes and planes, surfaces, topology, features, and from principles to applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER '97, held in Los Angeles, California, USA, in November 1997.
The 32 revised full papers presented in the book were carefully selected from a total of 93 submissions. Also included are two full invited papers.The volume is divided in topical sections on automated design, temporal modeling, languages, activity modeling, applied modeling, object-oriented modeling, theoretical issues in modeling, experience and applications, distributed systems, integration, and tools.

Visualization is now recognized as a powerful approach to get insight in large datasets produced by scientific experimentations and simulations. The contributions to this book cover technical aspects as well as concrete applications of visualization in various domains such as finance, physics, astronomy and medicine, providing researchers and engineers with valuable information for setting up new powerful environments.

This volume contains the research papers presented at the Eighth Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation which took place in Budapest, Hungary, September 2-3, 1997. The workshop is an international forum for research in human animation, physically-based modeling, motion control, animation systems, and other key aspects of animation and simulation. The problem of realistically and efficiently modeling the motion of people, ob- jects, fluids, etc. remains a significant challenge in computer graphics. This workshop is representative of the continuing interest in this field of study. This year, animation and simulation of human shape and motion is of particular interest. In fact, nine of the papers in this volume deal with techniques which are applicable to human animation. Others are concerned with equally interesting dy- namic natural phenomena, such as clouds, plant development, and coastal scenes. The call for papers required submission of the full papers for review, and each paper was reviewed by at least 3 members on the international program committee, consisting of: Bruno Arnaldi (IRISA/INRIA Rennes, France) Norman Badler (University of Pennsylvania, U. S. A. ) Ronan Boulic (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland) Michael Cohen (Microsoft, U. S. A. ) Sabine Coquillart (INRIA, France) David Forsey (University of British Columbia, Canada) Marie-Paule Gascuel (iMAGIS-IMAG, France) Gerard Hegron (Ecoles des Mines de Nantes, France) Jessica Hodgins (Georgia Institute of Technology, U. S. A.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th European Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modelling and Management, EKAW '97, held in Sant Feliu de Guixols, Catalonia, Spain, in October 1997.
The 20 revised full papers and 11 short papers presented were carefully selected from numerous submissions. Also included is one invited presentation. Among the topics covered are the mainstream knowledge acquisition issues, but also more innovative ones, knowledge integration, enterprise modelling, knowledge reuse, natural language processing, problem solving, knowledge extraction, Web-based knowledge systems, machine learning, data mining, etc.

User modeling researchers look for ways of enabling interactive software systems to adapt to their users-by constructing, maintaining, and exploiting user models, which are representations of properties of individual users. User modeling has been found to enhance the effectiveness and/or usability of software systems in a wide variety of situations. Techniques for user modeling have been developed and evaluated by researchers in a number of fields, including artificial intelligence, education, psychology, linguistics, human-computer interaction, and information science. The biennial series of International Conferences on User Modeling provides a forum in which academic and industrial researchers from all of these fields can exchange their complementary insights on user modeling issues. The published proceedings of these conferences represent a major source of information about developments in this area.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages, COORDINATION '97, held in Berlin, Germany, in September 1997.
The 22 revised full papers and 6 posters presented in the book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 69 submissions. Also included are three invited papers. The papers are devoted to an emerging class of languages and models, which have been variously termed coordination languages, configuration languages, and architectural description languages. These formalisms provide a clean separation between software components and their interaction in the overall software organization, which is particularly important for large-scale applications and open systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Modeling Techniques and Tools for Computer Performance Evaluation, held in St. Malo, France, in June 1997.
The volume presents 17 revised full papers carefully selected by the program committee for the proceedings; also included is an extended abstract of an invited talk. The collection of papers presented represents state-of-the-art work in computer performance evaluation. Among the issues addressed are fully distributed systems, statistical multiplexing for high-speed networks, and implications of the concept of dependability.

This book constitutes a refereed post-workshop selection of papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Computer-Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST'97, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, in February 1997. The 50 revised full papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the volume. The book is divided into sections on design environments and tools, theory and methods, engineering systems, intelligent systems, signal processing, and specific methods and applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Evolutionary Programming, EP 97, held in Indianapolis, IN, USA, in April 1997.
The 36 revised full papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The papers are organized in sections on evolutionary methods for modeling and training, alternative frameworks for the computational study of evolutionary social systems, genetic programming: issues and applications, issues in evolutionary optimization, enhanced evolutionary operators, theory and analysis of evolutionary computations, issues in adaptability: theory and practice, and evolution and NP-hard problems.

th This book is devoted to the 19 Meeting of the EURO Working Group on Financial Modelling, held in Chania, Crete, Greece,November28-30, 1996. The EURO Working Group on Financial Modelling was founded in September 1986 in Lisbon. The primary field of interest for the Working Group can be described as "the development of financial models that help to solve problems facedby financial managers in the firm". From this point of view, the following objectivesof the Working Group are distinguished: * providing an international forum for exchange of information and experience on financial modelling; * encouraging research in financial modelling (i. e. new techniques, methodologies, software,empirical studies,etc. ); * stimulating and strengthening the interaction between financial economic theory and the practice of financial decision making; * cooperating and exchanging information with universities and financial institutions throughout Europe. According to the aboveobjectives,the basic aim of this book is to present some new operational approaches (i. e. neural nets, multicriteria analysis, new optimization algorithms, decision software, etc. ) for financial modelling, both in a theoretical and practical levels. Thus, the present volume is divided in nine chapters. The first chapter refers to the new trends in financial modelling and includes two invited papers by Gil-Aluja and Pardalos. The second chapter involves papers on the topic of high performance computing and finance which is a European union project in which participate some members of the EURO Working Group on Financial Modelling (Spronk, Zenios, Dempster, etc. ).

This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the German Conference on Bioinformatics, GCB'96, held in Leipzig, Germany, in September/October 1996. The volume presents 18 revised full papers together with three invited papers; these contributions were selected after a second round of reviewing from the 91 conference presentations. The book addresses current issues in computational biology and biologically inspired computing. The papers are organized in sections on biological and metabolic pathways, sequence analysis, molecular modeling, visualization, and formal languages, and DNA.

This is the first volume in a suite of short, inexpensive, paperbound volumes intended for student usage as textbooks, or course supplements, and for purchase as single-copy reference works for professionals in specific disciplines, and, in some cases, for interdisciplinary use. This title focuses on cellular automata simulations while using Mathematica, thus its audience is a generally broad one, although physicists, life scientists and engineers will find this title to be of particular interest.
Those familiar with Gaylord's previous book, coauthored with Paul Wellin, "Computer Simulations with Mathematica - Explorations in Complex Biological and Physical Systems," also published by TELOS, will find this new title to be an in-depth extension of some topics dealt with in that book. Modeling Nature: Cellular Automata Simulations with Mathematica, however, contains simulations not found in the Gaylord-Wellin volume. This book will have a DOS-diskette packaged with it, enabling cross-platform access to the code. These data files will also be made accessible online via the Internet at telospub.com FTP and WWW sites.

The 14 papers in this volume vividly demonstrate the current state of research in real-time animation. Half of the papers are dedicated to algorithm allowing the real-time animation of complex articulated structure in particular (humans, legged robots, plants) and of dynamic scenes in general. The proposed approaches cover from motion capture to motion reusability which are essential issues for high-end applications as 3D games, virtual reality, etc. Other topics treated are motion management for fast design of realistic movements, 2D and 3D deformations, and various optimization techniques for simulation (adaptive mass-spring refinement, huge particule systems).

Neural networks are a computing paradigm that is finding increasing attention among computer scientists. In this book, theoretical laws and models previously scattered in the literature are brought together into a general theory of artificial neural nets. Always with a view to biology and starting with the simplest nets, it is shown how the properties of models change when more general computing elements and net topologies are introduced. Each chapter contains examples, numerous illustrations, and a bibliography. The book is aimed at readers who seek an overview of the field or who wish to deepen their knowledge. It is suitable as a basis for university courses in neurocomputing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First Australian Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence, held in Canberra, ACT, Australia, in November 1995.
The 16 full papers included in the book are revised versions of the contributions accepted for presentation at the workshop; they cover a wide range of current issues in the field of DAI, such as formal frameworks, methodology, theory, and architecture; various aspects of agents and multi-agent systems are addressed.

This book is the first comprehensive volume on the computer simulation of plant development. It contains a full account of the algorithms used to model plant shapes and developmental processes, Lindenmayer systems in particular. With nearly 50 color plates, the spectacular results of the modelling are vividly illustrated. "This marvelous book will occupy an important place in the scientific literature." #Professor Heinz-Otto Peitgen# "The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants will perform a valuable service by popularizing this enlightening and bewitching form of mathematics." #Steven Levy# " ... the garden here is full of delights and an excellent introduction to L-systems, ..." #Alvy Ray Smith, IEEE Computer Graphics and its Applications#

This book contains a selection of papers about a broad range of topics relating to CAD modelling and graphics. These papers present an excellent overview of the research and application work done at different R&D institutions in Europe and USA. The papers are grouped into sections. First, issues in feature-based product development (such as representation of form features, consistency management, and reasoning) are addressed from different perspectives. Next, CAD models and architectures are introduced from an application perspective. Then some design techniques are presented. The following sections deal with communication in design and analysis, input and interaction techniques, and visualization.