The role of simulation modeling in understanding dynamic processes is now extending beyond research and university curricula to pre-college education. Computer modeling offers the promise of transforming teaching of many subjects, notably science, and is enhanced by the adoption of new standards for science education, the increasing access to scientific information through computer networks, and the availability of powerful, user-friendly modeling software. This book and its accompanying software will bring the tools and excitement of modeling to pre-college teachers, to researchers involved in curriculum development, and to software developers interested in the pre-college market.

Since its founding in 1989 by Terrence Sejnowski, Neural Computation has become the leading journal in the field. Foundations of Neural Computationcollects, by topic, the most significant papers that have appeared in the journal over the past nine years.This volume of Foundations of Neural Computation, on unsupervised learning algorithms, focuses on neural network learning algorithms that do not require an explicit teacher. The goal of unsupervised learning is to extract an efficient internal representation of the statistical structure implicit in the inputs. These algorithms provide insights into the development of the cerebral cortex and implicit learning in humans. They are also of interest to engineers working in areas such as computer vision and speech recognition who seek efficient representations of raw input data.

How does a bird flock keep its movements so graceful and synchronized? Most people assume that the bird in front leads and the others follow. In fact, bird flocks don't have leaders: they are organized without an organizer, coordinated without a coordinator. And a surprising number of other systems, from termite colonies to traffic jams to economic systems, work the same decentralized way. Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams describes innovative new computational tools that can qhelp people (even young children) explore the workings of such systems--and help them move beyond the centralized mindset.

Since 1977, Hofstadter, the author of Godel, Escher, Bach, and his students have been developing computer models of discovery, creation, and analogical thought. What has emerged is a sophisticated and unorthodox vision of the mind in which perception, at an abstract level, is the key: perception of situations, of patterns, of patterns among patterns. This book conveys this bold vision to a broad public. Illustrations.

One common criticism of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the brittleness of the solutions it produces. The suggestion is that AI systems have not scaled well beyond the relatively limited domains to which they have been applied. In recent years there has been a marked trend in the AI community towards real-world applications. Techniques, inspired by AI's wider ambition to produce more intelligent machines, are not only gaining acceptance in other fields of scientific research, but also in areas such as business, commerce and industry. Moreover, there is a tendency for the techniques themselves to be developed, tested and refined within such applications. The contemporary theme seems to be, if a technique represents a genuine advance in software engineering, then by definition it has commercial advantage. Nowhere is this trend more evident than in the application of genetic algorithms (GAs). What has marked out as GAs as compared to other techniques is the surprising speed with which commercial organizations have shown an interest. One of the reasons for this is that GAs seem to offer an extremely effective, general-purpose, means for dealing with both complexity and scale. This book presents a snapshot of some of the GA research taking place within Europe. In summery, the book attempts to emphasise the diversity of the GA approach, by presenting detailed descriptions of GAs used for real-world optimization and for complex modelling problems.

This book provides new and seasoned users with step-by-step procedures on creating and modifying 3D models, working with cameras and lights, assigning materials to objects, rendering, and printing. Unlike many AutoCAD competitors, it uses mixed units - inches, meters, feet, kilometers, etc., to illustrate the myriad tools for this popular application. Use the companion DVD to set up drawing exercises and projects, see all of the book s figures in color, and draw with a trial version of AutoCAD 2012. AutoCAD 2012 3D Modeling includes 50 mini-workshops, that complete small projects from concept through actual plotting. Solving all of the workshops will simulate the creation of four full projects (architectural and mechanical) from beginning to end, without overlooking any of the basic commands and functions in AutoCAD 2012.BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1: AutoCAD 2012 3D Basics. 2: About Solids. 3: About Meshes. 4: About Surfaces. 5: 3D Modifying Commands. 6: Converting, Sectioning, and 3D Objects Printing. 7: Cameras, Lights, Materials, and Rendering. 8: Visual Styles, Animation, and 3D DWF."

Dieses Buch gibt eine Einfuhrung in die mathematische und informatische Modellierung sowie in die Simulation als universelle Methodik. Und so geht es um Klassen von Modellen, um deren Herleitung und um die Vielfalt an Beschreibungsarten, die eingesetzt werden konnen diskret oder kontinuierlich, deterministisch oder stochastisch. Aber immer geht es auch darum, wie aus unterschiedlichen abstrakten Modellen ganz konkrete Simulationsergebnisse gewonnen werden konnen.
Nach einem kompakten Repetitorium zum benotigten mathematischen Apparat wird das Konzept Uber das Modell zur Simulation" anhand von 14 Szenarien aus den Bereichen Spielen entscheiden planen," Verkehr auf Highways und Datenhighways," Dynamische Systeme" sowie Physik im Rechner" umgesetzt. Ob Spieltheorie oder Finanzmathematik, Verkehr oder Regelung, ob Populationsdynamik oder Chaos, Molekulardynamik, Kontinuumsmechanik oder Computergraphik der Leser erhalt auf anschauliche und doch systematische Weise Einblicke in die Welt der Modelle und Simulationen."

Reviews In Computational Chemistry

Martin Schoen and Sabine Klapp

Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Thomas Cundari, Series Editors

This volume, unlike those prior to it, consists of a single monograph covering the timely topic of confined fluids. Volume 24 features the thermodynamics of confined phases, elements of statistical thermodynamics, one-dimensional hard-rod fluids, mean-field theory, treatments of confined fluids with short-range and long-range interactions, and the statistical mechanics of disordered confined fluids. Six appendices are included, which cover the mathematical derivation of equations used throughout the book.

From Reviews Of The Series

"Reviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry."
--Journal Of Molecular Graphics And Modelling

"One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful Reviews in Computational Chemistry. The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)."
--Journal Of The American Chemical Society

Why take months to learn every button in 3ds Max when you can create great visuals with just a few key tools? Utilize the tool of choice, 3ds Max 2014, for generating realistic environments, seamless CG effects, and jaw dropping games in a matter of hours. You can use the memory-hogging methods that choke your display and take forever to render, or you can get it done quickly and efficiently. Michael McCarthy offers a goldmine of artistic inspiration, timesaving tips & tricks, and step-by-step walkthroughs-you'll wonder how you every got by without it! Start animating today with detailed tutorials, source files, bitmaps, and video demonstrations-all featured on the companion website. This new edition has been completely revamped for 3ds Max 2014. You will find coverage on brand new features and tools such as Scene Management, iRay, Nitrous, Mass FX, and particles and physics. How to Cheat in 3ds Max 2014 features interviews with industry professionals that will help you gain the edge you need in the competitive world of animation. 3ds Max luminary and recipient of the 2011 Autodesk 3ds Max Master Award, author Michael McCarthy shares his 3ds Max secrets and little-known tips and tricks that save users hours of time Includes all new content and advanced cheats on modelling, special effects, natural elements, and the particle system Proven How to Cheat series teaches how to create quick yet stunning special effects, animations, realistic textures, and game elements

Authors Ita G. G. Kreft and Jan de Leeuw have provided the first accessible and practical guide to using multilevel models in social research. Multilevel approaches are becoming increasingly important in social, behavioral, and educational research and it is clear from recent developments that such models are seen as more realisticùand potentially more revealingùthan ordinary regression models. While other books describe these multilevel models in considerable detail none focus on the practical issues and potential problems of doing multilevel analyses that are covered in Introducing Multilevel Modeling. The authorsÆ approach is user-oriented, keeping formal mathematics and statistics to a minimum. Other key features include the use of worked examples using real data sets, analyzed using the leading computer package for multilevel modeling.

Theoretical neuroscience provides a quantitative basis for describing what nervous systems do, determining how they function, and uncovering the general principles by which they operate. This text introduces the basic mathematical and computational methods of theoretical neuroscience and presents applications in a variety of areas including vision, sensory-motor integration, development, learning, and memory.

The book is divided into three parts. Part I discusses the relationship between sensory stimuli and neural responses, focusing on the representation of information by the spiking activity of neurons. Part II discusses the modeling of neurons and neural circuits on the basis of cellular and synaptic biophysics. Part III analyzes the role of plasticity in development and learning. An appendix covers the mathematical methods used, and exercises are available on the book's Web site.

The metaphor of the adaptive landscape - that evolution via the process of natural selection can be visualized as a journey across adaptive hills and valleys, mountains and ravines - permeates both evolutionary biology and the philosophy of science. The focus of this 2006 book is to demonstrate to the reader that the adaptive landscape concept can be put into actual analytical practice through the usage of theoretical morphospaces - geometric spaces of both existent and non-existent biological form - and to demonstrate the power of the adaptive landscape concept in understanding the process of evolution. The adaptive landscape concept further allows us to take a spatial approach to the concepts of natural selection, evolutionary constraint and evolutionary development. For that reason, this book relies heavily on spatial graphics to convey the concepts developed within these pages, and less so on formal mathematics.

This book is a comprehensive guide to several aspects of risk, including information systems, disaster management, supply chain and disaster management perspectives. A major portion of this book is devoted to presenting a number of operations research models that have been (or could be) applied to enterprise supply risk management, especially from the supply chain perspective. Each chapter of this book can be used as a unique module on a different topics with dedicated examples, definitions and discussion notes. This book comes at a time when the world is increasingly challenged by different forms of risk and how to manage them. Events of the 21st Century have made enterprise risk management even more critical. Risks such as suspicions surrounding top-management structures, financial and technology bubbles (especially since 2008), as well as the demonstrated risk from terrorism, such as the 9/11 attack in the U.S. as well as more recent events in France, Belgium, and other locations in Europe, have a tremendous impact on many facets of business. Businesses, in fact, exist to cope with risk in their area of specialization.

The first book to explain the principals behind mobile 3D hardware implementation, helping readers understand advanced algorithms, produce low-cost, low-power SoCs, or become familiar with embedded systems

As mobile broadcasting and entertainment applications evolve, there is increasing interest in 3D graphics within the field of mobile electronics, particularly for handheld devices. In "Mobile 3D Graphics SoC," Yoo provides a comprehensive understanding of the algorithms of mobile 3D graphics and their real chip implementation methods. 3D graphics SoC (System on a Chip) architecture and its interaction with embedded system software are explained with numerous examples. Yoo divides the book into three sections: general methodology of low power SoC, design of low power 3D graphics SoC, and silicon implementation of 3D graphics SoCs and their application to mobile electronics. Full examples are presented at various levels such as system level design and circuit level optimization along with design technology. Yoo incorporates many real chip examples, including many commercial 3D graphics chips, and provides cross-comparisons of various architectures and their performance. Furthermore, while advanced 3D graphics techniques are well understood and supported by industry standards, this is less true in the emerging mobile applications and games market. This book redresses this imbalance, providing an in-depth look at the new OpenGL ES (The Standard for Embedded Accelerated 3D Graphics), and shows what these new embedded systems graphics libraries can provide for 3D graphics and games developers.

THIS VOLUME, LIKE THOSE PRIOR TO IT, FEATURES CHAPTERS BY EXPERTS IN VARIOUS FIELDS OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY. TOPICS COVERED IN VOLUME 20 INCLUDE VALENCE THEORY, ITS HISTORY, FUNDAMENTALS, AND APPLICATIONS; MODELING OF SPIN-FORBIDDEN REACTIONS; CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF LARGE MOLECULES; SIMULATING CHEMICAL WAVES AND PATTERNS; FUZZY SOFT-COMPUTING METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY; AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR ENZYMES, TRANSPORTERS, CHANNELS, AND RECEPTORS RELEVANT TO ADME/TOX.

FROM REVIEWS OF THE SERIES

"Reviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry."
-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AND MODELING

"One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful Reviews in Computational Chemistry. The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)."
-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

3D image reconstruction is used in many fields, such as medicine, entertainment, and computer science. This highly demanded process comes with many challenges, such as images becoming blurry by atmospheric turbulence, getting snowed with noise, or becoming damaged within foreign regions. It is imperative to remain well-informed with the latest research in this field. Recent Advances in 3D Imaging, Modeling, and Reconstruction is a collection of innovative research on the methods and common techniques of image reconstruction as well as the accuracy of these methods. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics such as ray casting, holographic techniques, and machine learning, this publication is ideally designed for graphic designers, computer engineers, medical professionals, robotics engineers, city planners, game developers, researchers, academicians, and students.

Filled with illustrated, step-by-step examples, this hands-on TAB guide shows you how to use SketchUp to make a digital model and how to use a personal machine, service bureau, or community Maker Space to fabricate it. 3D Printing and CNC Fabrication with SketchUp gives you the practical knowledge needed to model and fabricate your own creations. You'll learn how to use SketchUp to create models both for additive (3D printing) and subtractive (CNC) fabrication. This practical resource will help you to very quickly master the skills needed to create, troubleshoot, and produce professional products. Step-by-step tutorials show how to use SketchUp Make and Pro through a variety of compelling examples Discussion of fabrication suitability is woven throughout the whole digital modeling processDescribes how to use third-party tools that analyze the finished software model for printing suitabilityProvides instructions for printing the model on a personal machine, through a service bureau, or at a community Maker Space

Unity brings you ever closer to the "author once, deploy anywhere" dream. With its multiplatform capabilities, you can target desktop, web, mobile devices, and consoles using a single development engine. Little wonder that Unity has quickly become the #1 game engine out there. Mastering Unity is absolutely essential in an increasingly competitive games market where agility is expected, yet until now practical tutorials were nearly impossible to find. Creating Games with Unity and Maya gives you with an end-to-end solution for Unity game development with Maya. Written by a twelve-year veteran of the 3D animation and games industry and professor of 3D animation, this book takes you step-by-step through the process of developing an entire game from scratch-including coding, art, production, and deployment. This accessible guide provides a "non-programmer" entry point to the world of game creation. Aspiring developers with little or no coding experience will learn character development in Maya, scripts, GUI interface, and first- and third-person interactions.

Grid computing systems utilize the heterogeneous networked resources, such as computation, information, database, storage, bandwidth, etc., through the Internet. The systems can operate in predefined and organized ways or form the collected resource systems through self-organizing and decentralized ways. Even with the various types of abundant resources in the Internet, the resources that can be organized and operated in the presence of multiple resource owners with the uncertainty of resource availability and quality are scarce. This volume contains refereed and invited papers presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Grid Economics and Business Models held on 16 May 2006 at the Singapore Management University, in conjunction with GridAsia 2006. It includes contributions by researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines that discuss the economy of the systems concerned, with focus on the operational and deployment issues of Grid Economy.

Simulations have reached new levels of precision with the acceleration of progress in computing and processing power. The amounts of data that can be processed and analyzed allow new methodological advances and inspire researchers across disciplines to ask new research questions. The objectives of this edited volume therefore are - to identify new areas of research in which computer-based simulations allow for results and conclusions that would have not been possible without simulations - to evaluate the opportunities and the limits of computer-based simulations - and to foster trans-disciplinary scientific work that explores the potentials of e.g. methods of theoretical physics for areas of economic research.

A metamodel approximates the behavior of a more complex model. A common and superficially attractive way to develop a metamodel is to generate large-model data and use off-the-shelf statistical methods without attempting to understand the model's internal workings. This report describes research illuminating why it can be important to improve the quality of metamodels by using even modest phenomenological knowledge to help structure them. The work helps to understand multiresolution, multiperspective modeling.

Essential skills for first-time programmers! This easy-to-use book explains the fundamentals of UML. Youll learn to read, draw, and use this visual modeling language to create clear and effective blueprints for software development projects. The modular approach of this series--including drills, sample projects, and mastery checks--makes it easy to learn to use this powerful programming language at your own pace.

This book presents a process for problem resolution, policy crafting, and decision making based on the use of modeling and simulation. Detailed descriptions of the methods by which Visual SLAM and AweSim, version 3, support this process are presented. The text is organized into four parts: Introduction to Simulation, Visual SLAM Network Modeling and AweSim, Simulation Analysis, and Visual SLAM Discrete, Continuous and Combined Modeling.

This book introduces and the new computer-based research methods for studying and modeling complex social phenomena. It is the first coherent collection that surveys the impact that computer-based methods have had on the social and behavioural sciences and illustrates the potential for future research. The methods are presented in an accessible manner and do not assume any background in computer science. The authors introduce each chapter and explain how computers can help to study social processes and each method is described in relation to a substantive issue to show how it can contribute to our understanding of complex problems. The themes covered include computer simulation, neural and social networks and the visualization of complex network data.