The United States and her allies have found themselves plunged into 'a war over [humanity's] future social and political organization' with criminal challengers to the nation-state form. These new wars are currently being fought globally with Al Qaeda, in Iraq with shifting coalitions of criminal gangs, insurgents, and Jihadi groups and throughout the Americas with the Maras (the first group of 3rd GEN Gangs to emerge). More new wars are poised to develop and the on-going ones are far from over, with more attacks upon the homelands of the US and her allies expected. This cutting edge book looks initially at the theoretical and legal side of criminal-state and criminal-soldier emergence and growth, before focusing on criminal-states and criminal-soldiers themselves, with particular attention paid to Al Qaeda, Hizballah, Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13), Caliphate and Mahdi concerns, Islamic Fundamentalist Use of Beheadings, Criminalization of Russian State Security, Nuclear Materials Trafficking, and Outlaw Private Security Firms. With the contributions from international experts, this book makes for critical reading for political scientists and criminal justice students and researchers, policy makers, and military and law enforcement practitioners. This book was previously published as a special issue of Global Crime.

Constitutions are a product of history, but what is the role of history in interpreting and applying constitutional provisions? This volume addresses that question from a comparative perspective, examining different uses of history by courts in determining constitutional meaning. The book shows that there is considerable debate around the role of history in constitutional adjudication. Are, for example, historical public debates over the adoption of a constitution relevant to reading its provisions today? If a constitution represents a break from a prior repressive regime, should courts construe the constitution's provisions in light of that background? Are former constitutions relevant to interpreting a new constitution? Through an assessment of current practices the volume offers some lessons for the future practices of courts as they adjudicate constitutional cases. Contributors are: Mark D. Rosen, Jorge M. Farinacci-Fernos, Justin Collings, Jean-Christophe Bedard-Rubin, Cem Tecimer, Angel Aday Jimenez Aleman, Ana Beatriz Robalinho, Keigo Obayashi, Zoltan Szente, Shih-An Wang, and Diego Werneck Arguelhes.

"The Decline and Fall of the Supreme Court" examines the contemporary work of the U.S. Supreme Court and the advice and consent role of the Senate with regard to nominees to the Court. After presenting historical background on the intentions of the federalists and 20th-century jurisprudence, the work describes the baleful effects of the recent theory known as legal realism. The author examines the most dramatic of those effects--the polarized, polarizing, and partisan confirmation hearings with which the United States has become familiar--beginning with Abe Fortas and culminating with Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. This study will be of interest to scholars and laypeople in American history, political science, and law.

The United States and her allies have found themselves plunged into 'a war over [humanity's] future social and political organization' with criminal challengers to the nation-state form. These new wars are currently being fought globally with Al Qaeda, in Iraq with shifting coalitions of criminal gangs, insurgents, and Jihadi groups and throughout the Americas with the Maras (the first group of 3rd GEN Gangs to emerge). More new wars are poised to develop and the on-going ones are far from over, with more attacks upon the homelands of the US and her allies expected. This cutting edge book looks initially at the theoretical and legal side of criminal-state and criminal-soldier emergence and growth, before focusing on criminal-states and criminal-soldiers themselves, with particular attention paid to Al Qaeda, Hizballah, Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13), Caliphate and Mahdi concerns, Islamic Fundamentalist Use of Beheadings, Criminalization of Russian State Security, Nuclear Materials Trafficking, and Outlaw Private Security Firms. With the contributions from international experts, this book makes for critical reading for political scientists and criminal justice students and researchers, policy makers, and military and law enforcement practitioners. This book was previously published as a special issue of Global Crime.

This book provides a detailed examination of the life and legal legacy of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, including a discussion of the many legal cases in which he was involved. Thurgood Marshall was the first African American Supreme Court Justice. As a lawyer, he won the Supreme Court Case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that integrated all public schools in the United States. But Marshall's contributions extend far beyond significantly advancing the civil rights movement in this nation. Thurgood Marshall: A Biography discusses the life of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall in a chronological fashion, and then discusses his legacy after death. Students at all grade levels-including undergraduate and graduate college students-as well as historians and general readers interested in African American history , civil rights, or the U.S. legal system will find this book insightful and useful. A chronological timeline of the life of Thurgood Marshall A bibliography provides useful references

Since her political independence from the British government in 1960, Nigeria has gone through different phases in the effort to develop the corporate sector. The intention was to drive the economy through corporate enterprises; however, the absence of effective corporate governance structure and conducive investment environment has no doubt been a source of concern for investors and successive governments.

Meticulously researched and organized, this book takes the global view on corporate governance to provide insight into the corporate governance conundrum in Nigeria. Against the background of international standard, Author, Olusola A. Akinpelu proposes a number of reforms to the existing governance structure and delves into the history of corporate development from the 1960s through the present.

In addition, Akinpelu offers an in-depth analysis of the philosophical foundations for corporate governance and compiles the theories, models, statutes, reforms, international standards, guidelines, and legal cases on corporate governance in the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States of America, and elsewhere to show how no country is completely immune from corporate collapse.

A timely work, "Corporate Governance Framework in Nigeria" will interest students of business economics, business law, legal practitioners, and researchers in the field of corporate governance.
''An excellently well written book on all important subject of socio-economic value and relevance.''
"- Guoleba Seri (Esq),
Chairman/CEO, Seri Associates, LLC, NY.
Founder and President/CEO, African Chambers of Commerce, United States."

Ever since World War II, a new constitutional model has emerged worldwide that gives a pivotal role to judges. Against the New Constitutionalism challenges this reigning paradigm and develops a distinctively liberal defence of political constitutionalism. The author concludes that, in consolidated democracies, strong constitutional review cannot be justified and argues for the primacy of the legislature primarily on epistemic - as opposed to procedural - grounds. The author also considers whether the minimalist judicial review of Nordic countries is more in line with the best justification of the institution than the Commonwealth model that occupies a central place in contemporary constitutional scholarship. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of constitutional law. It will also be of use to constitutional and political theorists, as well as comparative and public lawyers, looking for a solution to the issues surrounding constitutional review.

In American Constitutionalism, Third Edition, renowned authors Howard Gillman, Mark A. Graber, and Keith E. Whittington offer an innovative approach to the two-semester Constitutional Law sequence (Volume 1 covers Institutions and Volume II covers Rights and Liberties) that presents the material in a historical organization within each volume, as opposed to the typical issues-based organization. Looking at Supreme Court decisions historically provides an opportunity for instructors to teach-and for students to reflect on-the political factions and climate of the day. The third edition has been updated through the 2020 SCOTUS session, and features updated cases, analysis, illustrations, and figures.

Environmentalists want industrialized nations to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases that warm the atmosphere. For more than twenty years, however, their pleas have been mostly ignored. Naval architects and ship designers can play a critical role in reducing greenhouse gases by designing effi cient ships that are safe and environment friendly. New innovations would enhance fuel effi ciency and encourage other industries to adopt new ways of thinking. Ship designers are already working to develop a ship that is safe, effi cient and ecologically friendly. Discover why these efforts are so important, and also learn the following: Ways a realistic and practical carbon dioxide index for ships can be established How much pollution commercial ships cause How safety concerns and other variables affect ship design What new designs could mean for the environment There is a great deal of uncertainty about why climates are changing, but this does not mean theories revolving around global warming are wrong. Discover new approaches to solve the problem, and take steps to understand the stakes involved with Global Climate Change and the Shipping Industry.

First published in 2006. Feudalism is normally associated with eighteenth-century France only in its more bizarre survivals, as in The Marriage of Figaro, when his seigneur claims the rights to spend the first night with the bride. If feudalism menat no more in the eighteenth century than a few quaint customs that could tickle an audence at the Comedie Francaise, why did French writers attack it so furiously? The author suggests that contemporary writers saw remnants of the feudal regime as important less in themselves, than as symbols of an attitude of mind which the 'enlightened' among them would no longer tolerate. Instead of representing the ideas of the eighteenth century through the eyes of a few outstanding writers, Dr Mackrell has tried to reconstitute the intellectual climate of the ancien regime from the works of largely unknown historians, jurists, economists and others. In this way he illuminates the rich texture of eighteenth-century French thought, without which the ideas of Voltaire, Montesquieu and even Rousseau lose much of their meaning. This study breathes life into the fierce controversies that shook the Age of Reason long before the outbreak of Revolution.

This book proposes an innovative treatment of minority language policies, by looking at them as policy options that can be methodically evaluated. The author applies the analytical concepts and technical tools of policy analysis to guide the reader through a step-by-step application of notions such as effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, with particular reference to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The thrust of this book is deeply interdisciplinary, and links the evaluation exercise to sociolinguistic, political and legal considerations.

This book explores the many different strands in the language of civil society from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries. Through a series of case-studies it investigates the applicability of the term to a wide range of historical settings. The contributors show how past understandings of the term were often very different from (even in some respects the exact opposite of) those held today.

This book explores the formation of the British state and national identity from 1603-1832 by examining the definitions of sovereignty and allegiance presented in treason trials. The king remained central to national identity and the state until Republican challenges forced prosecutors in treason trials to innovate and redefine sovereign authority. Although jurors resisted the change, by the 1790s parliament and prosecutors accepted that treason law protected all Britons and the general safety of the state.

This study of politics and government among a West African people, the Banyang of the Upper Cross River, covers the end of the period of Colonial administration. The book: * Shows the inter-relationship between the structure of the small forest communities and the highly autonomous processes by which they were governed * Analyses the relationship between residence and common descent as principles of corporate grouping * Includes a case study of the political struggle involved in one community's claims to independence. Originally published in 1969.

The reliance on state declarations of rights to expand rights protections during the last two decades has highlighted the political importance of state constitutions. Yet, throughout American history up to the present day, state constitutions have been the battleground for fundamental political conflicts. This edited volume analyzes the efforts of various groups to achieve their ends via constitutional revision and constitutional amendments, examines the responses to controversial state constitutional rulings, and assesses the consequences of constitutional politics on substantive state policy.

America's lax moral attitudes are placing the nation on the brink of national suicide. No other nation has ever purposely promoted its own self-destruction. At no other time in recorded history has a nation's internalized sense of guilt dominated its social and political thinking; never a collective desire to purge itself of self-fabricated guilt complexes whose origins are, more often than not, imaginary.

We have devolved into groveling apologists seeking redemption for being a great nation. The path of least resistance, it seems, lies in undermining the customs and traditions of time-honored institutions that once made many of us proud Americans.

Contents:
Volume One: Welfare States and Societies in the Making
Part One

1. Asa Briggs (1984), 'The Welfare State in Historical Perspective', in (1985) The Collected Essays of Asa Briggs, Vol. 2, Brighton: The Harvester Press, pp. 177-211.
2. Christopher Pierson (1991), 'Origins and Development of the Welfare State 1880 Beyond the Welfare State? The New Political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 102-140.
3. Jeremy Bentham (1789), An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, New York: Hafner, 1948, pp. 125 - 154.
4. Tom Paine (1791), 'Of Society and Civilization', Rights of Man, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969, pp. 357
5. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848), 'Socialist and Communist Literature', Manifesto of the Communist Party, Edinburgh: Socialist Labour Press, 1909, pp. 429
6. John Stuart Mill (1859) 'Of the Limits of Society over the Individual', On Liberty, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 83-101.
7. De Toqueville, 'Government of the Democracy in America', Democracy in America, Everyman Edition, pp. 199-202.
8. De Toqueville, 'What are the Real Advantages which American Society Derives from a Democratic Government', Democracy in America, Everyman Edition, pp. 237-253.
9. Hubert Kiesewetter (1991), 'Competition for Wealth and Power: The Growing Rivalry between Industrial Britain and Industrial Germany 1815 Journal or European Economic History, 20: 2, pp. 271-299.
10. Alan Kidd (1999), 'The State and Pauperism' in State, Society and the Poor in Nineteenth-Century England, Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 8-64.
11. Charles Dickens, Hard Times, (Ch 4)
12. William Booth (1976), 'Why Darkest England?' in P Keating (ed), Into Unknown England, Fontana (pp: 141-158).
Part Two
13. Helen Bosanquet (1973), 'The Poor Law and Local Government' in Social Work in London 1869-1912, Harvester Press. (Ch XIII, pp: 266-300.)
14. S and B Webb (1911), 'The Moral Factor', in The Prevention of Destitution, Longman Green (Ch X, pp: 293
15. J Tampke (1981), 'Bismark's Social Legislation: A Genuine Breakthrough?' in W J Mommsen (Ed), The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany 1850-1950, Croom Helm (Ch 4, pp: 71-83)
16. E P Hennock (1981), 'The Origins of British National Insurance and the German Precedent 1880 The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany 1850-1950, Croom Helm (Ch 5, pp: 84)
17. Eve Rosenhaft (1994), 'The historical development of German social policy' in J Clasen and R Freeman (eds.), Social Policy in Germany, Harvester Wheatsheaf (Ch 1: pp: 21-40)
18. Werner Usdorf (1998), 'Global Topographies: The Spiritual, the Social and the Geographical in the Missionary Movement from the West', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp: 591-604.
19. Anna S Orloff (1988), 'The Political Origins of America's Belated Welfare State' in Weir, Orloff and Skocpol, (eds.), The politics of Social Policy in the United States, Princeton University Press (CH. 1, pp: 37)
20. Michael Rose (2001), The secular faith of the social settlements 'If Christ came to Chicago' in Ruth Gilchrist and Tony Jeffs (eds.), Settlements, Social Change and Community Action, Jessica Kingsley (pp: 18)
21. Political and Economic Planning (1937), Report on the British Social Services, (Summary and Conclusions, pp: 9)
22. Mutsuko Takahashi (1997), The Emergence of Welfare Society in Japan, Avebury (Ch. 2, Welfare policy in Japan before 1945, pp: 33)
23. Richard M Titmuss (1957), 'War and social Policy' in Essays on 'The Welfare State', George Allen and Unwin, (CH. 4, pp: 75)
24. C Barnett (1986), 'The Dream of New Jerusalem' in Audit of War, Macmillan (Ch 1, pp: 11)
25. William Temple (1942), 'Appendix', Christianity and Social Order, Penguin, (pp: 75-90.)
26. William Beveridge, (1942) Cm. 6404, Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services, HMSO (Part I), pp: 5-20.

Volume Two: The Zenith of Western Welfare State Systems

27. Gunnar Myrdal (1972), 'The place of values in social policy', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 1. No. 1, pp: 1-14)
28. F A Hayek (1973), 'The Danger of Unlimited Government'. In Economic Freedom and Representative Government, (4th Wincott Memorial Lecture) Occasional Paper 39, IEA, London (Ch II, pp: 9)
29. Rodney Lowe (1990), 'The Second World War, Consensus and the Foundation of the Welfare State, Twentieth Century British History, (Vol. 1, No 2, pp: 152)
30. Alan Peacock (1991), 'Welfare Philosophies and Welfare Finance' in T Wilson and D Wilson, The State and Social Welfare, Longman (pp: 37)
31. R M Titmuss (1987), 'Social Welfare and the Art of Giving' in B Abel Smith and K Titmuss (Eds.), The Philosophy of Welfare, Allen and Unwin (pp: 113)
32. Jose Harris (1991), 'Enterprise and the Welfare State', in Gourvish and O'Day (Eds.), Britain since 1945, Macmillan (pp: 39)
33. Pierre Laroque (1969), 'Social Security in France' in S. Jenkins (Ed.), Social Security in International Perspective, Columbia University Press, pp. 171-189.
34. Henning Fris (1969), 'Issues in Social Security in Denmark', in S. Jenkins (Ed.), Social Security in International Perspective, Columbia University Press. (Ch. 5), pp. 129-150.
35. Peter Baldwin (1990), 'The Failure of the Solidaristic Welfare State', in The Politics of Social Solidarity, Cambridge University Press (pp: 158)
36. Martin Seelib-Kaise (1995), 'The Development of Social Assistance and Unemployment Insurance in Germany and Japan', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 29, No. 3, pp: 269)
37. R Titmuss (1987), 'The Social Division of Welfare', in B Abel Smith and K Titmuss (Eds.), The Philosophy of Welfare, Allen and Unwin (pp: 39)
38. Arthur Seldon (1964), 'Welfare by Choice' in Rebirth of Britain, Pan, (Ch. 11, pp: 153)
39. Z Ferge (1979), 'The Emergence of Social Policy' in A Society in the Making: Hungarian Social and Societal Policy, Penguin, (pp: 50)
40. W G Runciman (1966), 'Reform and its Limits' in Relative Deprivation and Social Justice, Routledge and Kegan Paul, (Ch. XIV, pp: 285)
41. Brian Abel-Smith (1958), 'Whose Welfare State?' in N Mackenzie (Ed.), Conviction, Macgibbon and Kee, (pp: 55)
42. Peter Townsend (1962), 'The Meaning of Poverty', British Journal of Sociology (Vol. 13, pp: 212)
43. Jack Wiseman (1991), 'The Welfare State: A Public Choice Perspective' in Thomas Wilson and Dorothy Wilson (Eds.), The State and Social Welfare, Longman, (Ch. 3, pp: 55)
44. Frances Fox Piven and R Cloward (1971), 'The Welfare Explosion of the 1960s' in Regulating the Poor, Vintage, (pp: 183)
45. Theda Skocpol (1988), 'The Limits of the New Deal System and the Roots of Contemporary Welfare Dilemmas', in Weir, Orloff and Skocpol, (eds.), The politics of Social Policy in the United States, Princeton University Press (CH. 8, pp: 293)
46. Claus Offë (1984), 'Social policy and the theory of the state' in J Keane (Ed.), Contradictions of the Welfare State, Hutchinson, (Ch. 3, pp: 88)

Volume Three: Crisis of the Welfare States

47. Catherine J Jones (1980), 'Dismantling the British Welfare State The Hong Kong Journal of Social Work, (Vol. XIV, No. 2, pp: 28)
48. Digby Anderson (1981) 'Breaking the Spell of the Welfare State' in Digby Anderson, June Lait and David Marsland, Breaking the Spell of the Welfare State, Social Affairs Unit (Ch 2: pp: 11)
49. Peter Townsend, Margaret Whitehead, and Nick Davidson, (1992), 'Introduction to Inequalities in Health', Inequalities in Health, Penguin, pp: 1-27.
50. Jennifer Somerville, (1992), 'The New Right and family politics', Economy and Society, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp: 93-128.
51. Desmond S King, (1987), 'The state and the social structures of welfare in advanced industrial democracies', Theory ad Society, Vol. 16, pp: 841-868.
52. Desmond S King, (1988), 'New Right Ideology, Welfare State Form, and Citizenship: A Comment on Conservative Capitalism, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 30, pp: 793-799.
53. Ken Judge (1987), 'The British Welfare State in Transition', in Friedmann, R R, Gilbert, N and Sherer, M (Eds.) (1987), Modern Welfare States: A Comparative View of Trends and Prospects, Brighton, Wheatsheaf. pp: 1-43.
54. Nathan Glazer (1988), 'The American Welfare State: Incomplete or Different?' in The Limits of Social Policy, Harvard University Press (Ch. 10, pp: 168)
55. Christopher Pierson, (1991), 'Beyond the Welfare State?' and 'Defending the Welfare State', in Pierson, C, Beyond the Welfare State? The New political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge, Polity Press. pp: 179-222.
56. Mary McIntosh, (1981), 'Feminism and Social Policy', Critical Social Policy, Vol. 1, pp: 32-42.
57. Charles Murray, (1982), 'The Two Wars against Poverty', The Public Interest, No. 69, pp: 4-16.
58. Rudolf Klein (1995), 'Priorities and rationing: pragmatism or principles?', BMJ, Vol. 311: pp: 761-762 (Editorial).
59. Gerald F Gauss (1998), 'Why All Welfare States (Including Laissez-faire Ones) Are Unreasonable', Social Philosophy and Policy, Vol. 15, No: 2.
60. Commission on Social Justice (1994), 'What is Social Justice' in Social Justice: Strategies for National Renewal, Vintage (Introduction, pp: 17)
61. M Grazia Rossilli (1999), 'The European Union's policy on the equality of women', Feminist Studies, Spring.
62. Paul Pierson (1996), 'The New Politics of The Welfare State', World Politics, (Vol. 48), pp. 143-179.
63. Zsuzsa Ferge (1997), 'The Changed welfare Paradigm: The Individualization of the Social', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp: 20-44.
64. Schulz B H (2000), 'Globalisation, unification and the German Welfare State', International Social Science Journal, Vol. 163: pp: 39-50.
65. George, V, Stathopoulos, P and Garcés, J (1999), 'Squaring the welfare circle and government ideology: Greece and Spain in the 1990s', International Social Security Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp: 47-67.
66. Powell, M and Hewitt, M (1998), 'The End of the Welfare State?', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp: 1-13.

Volume Four: Welfare Futures

67. Stephan Leibfried (2000), 'National Welfare States, European Integration and Globalization: A perspective for the Next Century', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 34, No. 1, pp: 22)
68. Robert D Putnam, 'Bowling Alone: America's declining social capital', Journal of Democracy, (Vol. 6(1), pp: 65-78).
69. Peter Baldwin (1996), 'Can we Define a European Welfare State Model?' in Bent Greve (Ed), Comparative Welfare Systems: The Scandinavian Model in a Period of Change, Macmillan.
70. John Veit-Wilson (2000), 'States of Welfare: A Conceptual Challenge', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 34, No. 1, pp: 1)
71. Greg Martin (2001), 'Social movements, welfare and social policy: a critical analysis', Critical Social Policy, (Vol. 21(3), pp: 361)
72. Robert E Goodin, Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels and Henk-Jan Dirven (1999), The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Summarised in Pierson, C and Castles, D G (2000), The Welfare State Reader, Cambridge, Polity Press. pp: 170-189.
73. Julia Twigg (2002), 'The Body in Social Policy: Mapping a Territory', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 31, Part 3, pp: 421
74. Paul Hirst (1999), 'Associationist Welfare: a reply to Marc Stears', Economy and Society, (Vol. 28, No. 4, pp: 590)
75. Fiona Williams (1999), 'Good-enough Principles for Welfare', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 28, Part 4, pp: 667
76. Peter Taylor-Gooby (1994), 'Postmodernism and Social Policy: A Great Leap Backwards', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 23, Part 3, pp: 385)
77. Xinping Guan (2001), 'Globalization, Inequality and Social Policy: China on the Threshold of Entry into the World Trade Organization', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp: 242)
78. David Stoez (2002), 'The American Welfare State at Twilight', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 31, Part 3, pp: 487)
79. Claire Ungerson (2000), 'Thinking about the Production and Consumption of Long-term Care in Britain: Does Gender Still Matter?', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 29, Part 4, pp: 623)
80. John Barry and Brian Doherty (2002), 'The Greens and Social Policy: Movements, Politics, Practice?' in Michael Cahill and Tony Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Environmental Issues and Social Welfare, Blackwell. (Ch. 9, pp: 119)
81. Tamsin Wilson (1995), 'Subject to Control: Lesbians and the State', in Lesbian Studies: Setting an Agenda, Routledge (Ch. 9, pp: 181)
82. Anthony Giddens (2002), 'What Kind of Society Should Britain Become?', in Where Now for New Labour, Polity (Ch. 4, pp: 38)
83. Stephen Rathgeb Smith and Daniel J Evans (2001), 'Privatization, Devolution and the Welfare State: Rethinking the Prevailing Wisdom' (forthcoming) in Bo Rothstein and Sven Steinmo, Restructuring Politics: Institutional Challenges of Modern Welfare States.
84. Peter Taylor-Gooby (2001), 'Sustaining state welfare in hard times: who will foot the bill?', Journal of European Social Policy, (Vol. 11(2), pp: 133)
85. Peng, I (2000), 'A Fresh Look at the Japanese Welfare State', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp: 87-114.
86. Tony Fitzpatrick (2002), 'In Search of a Welfare Democracy', Social Policy and Society, (Vol. 1, Part 1, pp: 11)
87. Rudolf Klein and Anne-Marie Rafferty (1999), 'Rorschach Politics: Tony Blair and the Third Way', The American Prospect, (Vol. 10, Issue 45, July)
88. Nicholas Deakin (2002), 'Public-Private Partnerships, Public Management Review, Vol. 4, Issue, 2, pp: 133
89. Christopher Pierson (1998), 'Contemporary Challenges to Welfare State Development', Political Studies, (Vol. XLVI, pp: 777-794)

Glenn Beck, the New York Times bestselling author of The Great Reset--issues a startling challenge to people on both sides of the aisle: America is addicted to outrage, we're at the height of a twenty-year bender, and we need an intervention. In the instant New York Times bestseller, Glenn Beck addresses how America has become more and more divided--both politically and socially. Americans are now less accepting, less forgiving, and have lost faith in many of the country's signature ideals. They are quick to point a judgmental finger at the opposing party, are unwilling to doubt their own ideologies, and refuse to have any self-awareness whatsoever. Beck states that this current downward spiral will ultimately lead to the destruction of everything America has fought so hard to preserve. This is not simply a Republican problem. This is not simply a Democratic problem. This is everyone's burden, and we need to think like recovering addicts and change. Mirroring traditional twelve-step programs, Beck outlines the actions that Americans must follow in order to prevent a farther decline down this current path of hostile bitterness. Drawing from his own life experiences and including relevant examples for each step, he is able to lead us to a more hopeful, happy future. From learning how to believe in something greater than ourselves to understanding the importance of humility, each chapter encourages self-reflection and growth. Addicted to Outrage is a timely and necessary guide for how Americans--right and left--must change to survive.

Drawing on in-depth interviews with a wide variety of people, this book answers two questions: How and why do we personally engage with elected officials online and offline? What influence does this personal political engagement have on our democracy? Never before has it been so easy for Americans to make their personal views known to their elected officials. Citizens can tweet their opinions to their political representatives or respond to a Facebook post on politicians' pages to convey their approval or dislike for policies. They can engage politically through virtual town halls or show up in person at a protest easily organized through digital platforms. But this mediated relationship also makes it easy for politicians to push back against the opinions of their constituents by deriding their views or even blocking them online. The New Town Hall gives readers a firsthand look at personal political experiences through vivid stories from a variety of Americans. Researcher and former journalist Gina Masullo documents how Americans feel when they are blocked on social media and demonstrates how political talk with elected officials—both online and offline—leads to more involved types of political participation, such as protests or campaigning for political candidates. She contextualizes these personal political experiences with an eye toward understanding how these interactions influence the democratic process.

The years since New Labour came to power in 1997 have seen changes to the British institutions of political power on an unprecedented scale. The reforms have been widespread, ranging from devolution of power in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, to the reform of the House of Lords and the changing role of the Monarchy. This book is the first to examine these changes collectively and in detail, placing each in its historical context, analysing problems, solutions and what the future holds for this ambitious period of reforms.
The book is comprehensive in coverage, and accessibly written. As such it should be the ideal resource for undergraduate students of British Politics seeking to make sense of this complex subject.

This book reconfigures the study of the origins of the Enlightenment in the Spanish Empire. Challenging dominant interpretations of the period, this book shows that early eighteenth-century Spanish authors turned to Enlightenment ideas to reinvent Spain's role in the European balance of power. And while international law grew to provide a legal framework that could safeguard peace, Spanish officials, diplomats, and authors, hardened by the failure of Spanish diplomacy, sought instead to regulate international relations by drawing on investment, profit, and self-interest. The book shows, on the basis of new archival research, that the Diplomatic Enlightenment sought to turn the Spanish Empire into a space for closer political cooperation with other European and non-European states and empires.