This book provides a detailed examination of the life and legal legacy of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, including a discussion of the many legal cases in which he was involved. Thurgood Marshall was the first African American Supreme Court Justice. As a lawyer, he won the Supreme Court Case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that integrated all public schools in the United States. But Marshall's contributions extend far beyond significantly advancing the civil rights movement in this nation. Thurgood Marshall: A Biography discusses the life of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall in a chronological fashion, and then discusses his legacy after death. Students at all grade levels-including undergraduate and graduate college students-as well as historians and general readers interested in African American history , civil rights, or the U.S. legal system will find this book insightful and useful. A chronological timeline of the life of Thurgood Marshall A bibliography provides useful references

The moral justification for government is, that it is needed to promote the community's interest. What is that interest an interest in? Upon what basis can disagreements about the community's interest and individual interests be reconciled? Can democracy enable dissatisfaction with their reconciliation to be lived with? Perhaps, if people are prepared to meet the requirements of democratic citizenship. What are these requirements, and what is their justification? These are the questions with which this book is concerned.

What institutional arrangements should a well-functioning constitutional democracy have?
Most of the relevant literatures in law, political science, political theory, and economics address this question by discussing institutional design writ large. In this book, Adrian Vermeule moves beyond these debates, changing the focus to institutional design writ small.
In established constitutional polities, Vermeule argues that law can and should - and to some extent already does - provide mechanisms of democracy: a repertoire of small-scale institutional devices and innovations that can have surprisingly large effects, promoting democratic values of impartial, accountable and deliberative government. Examples include legal rules that promote impartiality by depriving officials of the information they need to act in self-interested ways; voting rules that create the right kind and amount of accountability for political officials and judges; and legislative rules that structure deliberation, in part by adjusting the conditions under which deliberation occurs transparently or instead secretly.
Drawing upon a range of social science tools from economics, political science, and other disciplines, Vermeule carefully describes the mechanisms of democracy and indicates the conditions under which they can succeed.

The United States and her allies have found themselves plunged into 'a war over [humanity's] future social and political organization' with criminal challengers to the nation-state form. These new wars are currently being fought globally with Al Qaeda, in Iraq with shifting coalitions of criminal gangs, insurgents, and Jihadi groups and throughout the Americas with the Maras (the first group of 3rd GEN Gangs to emerge). More new wars are poised to develop and the on-going ones are far from over, with more attacks upon the homelands of the US and her allies expected. This cutting edge book looks initially at the theoretical and legal side of criminal-state and criminal-soldier emergence and growth, before focusing on criminal-states and criminal-soldiers themselves, with particular attention paid to Al Qaeda, Hizballah, Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13), Caliphate and Mahdi concerns, Islamic Fundamentalist Use of Beheadings, Criminalization of Russian State Security, Nuclear Materials Trafficking, and Outlaw Private Security Firms. With the contributions from international experts, this book makes for critical reading for political scientists and criminal justice students and researchers, policy makers, and military and law enforcement practitioners. This book was previously published as a special issue of Global Crime.

The United States and her allies have found themselves plunged into 'a war over [humanity's] future social and political organization' with criminal challengers to the nation-state form. These new wars are currently being fought globally with Al Qaeda, in Iraq with shifting coalitions of criminal gangs, insurgents, and Jihadi groups and throughout the Americas with the Maras (the first group of 3rd GEN Gangs to emerge). More new wars are poised to develop and the on-going ones are far from over, with more attacks upon the homelands of the US and her allies expected. This cutting edge book looks initially at the theoretical and legal side of criminal-state and criminal-soldier emergence and growth, before focusing on criminal-states and criminal-soldiers themselves, with particular attention paid to Al Qaeda, Hizballah, Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13), Caliphate and Mahdi concerns, Islamic Fundamentalist Use of Beheadings, Criminalization of Russian State Security, Nuclear Materials Trafficking, and Outlaw Private Security Firms. With the contributions from international experts, this book makes for critical reading for political scientists and criminal justice students and researchers, policy makers, and military and law enforcement practitioners. This book was previously published as a special issue of Global Crime.

In American Constitutionalism, Third Edition, renowned authors Howard Gillman, Mark A. Graber, and Keith E. Whittington offer an innovative approach to the two-semester Constitutional Law sequence (Volume 1 covers Institutions and Volume II covers Rights and Liberties) that presents the material in a historical organization within each volume, as opposed to the typical issues-based organization. Looking at Supreme Court decisions historically provides an opportunity for instructors to teach-and for students to reflect on-the political factions and climate of the day. The third edition has been updated through the 2020 SCOTUS session, and features updated cases, analysis, illustrations, and figures.

Since her political independence from the British government in 1960, Nigeria has gone through different phases in the effort to develop the corporate sector. The intention was to drive the economy through corporate enterprises; however, the absence of effective corporate governance structure and conducive investment environment has no doubt been a source of concern for investors and successive governments.

Meticulously researched and organized, this book takes the global view on corporate governance to provide insight into the corporate governance conundrum in Nigeria. Against the background of international standard, Author, Olusola A. Akinpelu proposes a number of reforms to the existing governance structure and delves into the history of corporate development from the 1960s through the present.

In addition, Akinpelu offers an in-depth analysis of the philosophical foundations for corporate governance and compiles the theories, models, statutes, reforms, international standards, guidelines, and legal cases on corporate governance in the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States of America, and elsewhere to show how no country is completely immune from corporate collapse.

A timely work, "Corporate Governance Framework in Nigeria" will interest students of business economics, business law, legal practitioners, and researchers in the field of corporate governance.
''An excellently well written book on all important subject of socio-economic value and relevance.''
"- Guoleba Seri (Esq),
Chairman/CEO, Seri Associates, LLC, NY.
Founder and President/CEO, African Chambers of Commerce, United States."

Ever since World War II, a new constitutional model has emerged worldwide that gives a pivotal role to judges. Against the New Constitutionalism challenges this reigning paradigm and develops a distinctively liberal defence of political constitutionalism. The author concludes that, in consolidated democracies, strong constitutional review cannot be justified and argues for the primacy of the legislature primarily on epistemic - as opposed to procedural - grounds. The author also considers whether the minimalist judicial review of Nordic countries is more in line with the best justification of the institution than the Commonwealth model that occupies a central place in contemporary constitutional scholarship. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of constitutional law. It will also be of use to constitutional and political theorists, as well as comparative and public lawyers, looking for a solution to the issues surrounding constitutional review.

This book examines perhaps the most contentious election in modern US history-the 2016 United States presidential election. It is unique in its discussion of a wide range of issues affecting the news media coverage of the election, coming from an equally diverse range of intellectual perspectives including the rhetorical, social-scientific, communication studies, and media studies. With eleven chapters grounded in hard evidence and communication theory, The 2016 American Presidential Campaign and the News: Implications for American Democracy and the Republic examines significant topics such as fake news, media construction of Hillary Clinton's and Donald Trump's campaign personalities, media bias, visual meme depictions of the candidates, identity politics in the news, Trump's Twitter use, entertainment news, and social media as news. These chapters individually and collectively provide a direct commentary on the implications of the 2016 campaign news coverage for the future of the American Republic and political communication in the media.

Environmentalists want industrialized nations to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases that warm the atmosphere. For more than twenty years, however, their pleas have been mostly ignored. Naval architects and ship designers can play a critical role in reducing greenhouse gases by designing effi cient ships that are safe and environment friendly. New innovations would enhance fuel effi ciency and encourage other industries to adopt new ways of thinking. Ship designers are already working to develop a ship that is safe, effi cient and ecologically friendly. Discover why these efforts are so important, and also learn the following: Ways a realistic and practical carbon dioxide index for ships can be established How much pollution commercial ships cause How safety concerns and other variables affect ship design What new designs could mean for the environment There is a great deal of uncertainty about why climates are changing, but this does not mean theories revolving around global warming are wrong. Discover new approaches to solve the problem, and take steps to understand the stakes involved with Global Climate Change and the Shipping Industry.

First published in 2006. Feudalism is normally associated with eighteenth-century France only in its more bizarre survivals, as in The Marriage of Figaro, when his seigneur claims the rights to spend the first night with the bride. If feudalism menat no more in the eighteenth century than a few quaint customs that could tickle an audence at the Comedie Francaise, why did French writers attack it so furiously? The author suggests that contemporary writers saw remnants of the feudal regime as important less in themselves, than as symbols of an attitude of mind which the 'enlightened' among them would no longer tolerate. Instead of representing the ideas of the eighteenth century through the eyes of a few outstanding writers, Dr Mackrell has tried to reconstitute the intellectual climate of the ancien regime from the works of largely unknown historians, jurists, economists and others. In this way he illuminates the rich texture of eighteenth-century French thought, without which the ideas of Voltaire, Montesquieu and even Rousseau lose much of their meaning. This study breathes life into the fierce controversies that shook the Age of Reason long before the outbreak of Revolution.

This is one of the few book-length analyses of judicial review and public policy in very different parts of the world today. Donald W. Jackson and C. Neal Tate have gathered together respected scholars and set forth a framework for comparative analysis into the origins of judicial review, its use as a policy tool, and its exercise and impact in the policy-making process. Political scientists, public policy analysts, and public administrators will find this a thought-provoking study in comparative politics and public administration and a useful classroom text. The text opens with an overview and a delineation of basic concepts and closes with a framework for analyzing the exercise of judicial review in policy making. The major part of the book offers case studies and analyses of the establishment of judicial review as a policy tool, and the impact of judicial review in various types of legal situations. These studies cover twelve countries, including the United States, Great Britain, Japan, India, Israel, and the USSR, among others. Chapter reference lists and a selected bibliography at the end of the book refer readers to current studies of importance.

This book proposes an innovative treatment of minority language policies, by looking at them as policy options that can be methodically evaluated. The author applies the analytical concepts and technical tools of policy analysis to guide the reader through a step-by-step application of notions such as effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, with particular reference to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The thrust of this book is deeply interdisciplinary, and links the evaluation exercise to sociolinguistic, political and legal considerations.

This book explores the many different strands in the language of civil society from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries. Through a series of case-studies it investigates the applicability of the term to a wide range of historical settings. The contributors show how past understandings of the term were often very different from (even in some respects the exact opposite of) those held today.

This book explores the formation of the British state and national identity from 1603-1832 by examining the definitions of sovereignty and allegiance presented in treason trials. The king remained central to national identity and the state until Republican challenges forced prosecutors in treason trials to innovate and redefine sovereign authority. Although jurors resisted the change, by the 1790s parliament and prosecutors accepted that treason law protected all Britons and the general safety of the state.

Comparative constitutional change has recently emerged as a distinct field in the study of constitutional law. It is the study of the way constitutions change through formal and informal mechanisms, including amendment, replacement, total and partial revision, adaptation, interpretation, disuse and revolution. The shift of focus from constitution-making to constitutional change makes sense, since amendment power is the means used to refurbish constitutions in established democracies, enhance their adaptation capacity and boost their efficacy. Adversely, constitutional change is also the basic apparatus used to orchestrate constitutional backslide as the erosion of liberal democracies and democratic regression is increasingly affected through legal channels of constitutional change. Routledge Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Change provides a comprehensive reference tool for all those working in the field and a thorough landscape of all theoretical and practical aspects of the topic. Coherence from this aspect does not suggest a common view, as the chapters address different topics, but reinforces the establishment of comparative constitutional change as a distinct field. The book brings together the most respected scholars working in the field, and presents a genuine contribution to comparative constitutional studies, comparative public law, political science and constitutional history.

Drawing on in-depth interviews with a wide variety of people, this book answers two questions: How and why do we personally engage with elected officials online and offline? What influence does this personal political engagement have on our democracy? Never before has it been so easy for Americans to make their personal views known to their elected officials. Citizens can tweet their opinions to their political representatives or respond to a Facebook post on politicians' pages to convey their approval or dislike for policies. They can engage politically through virtual town halls or show up in person at a protest easily organized through digital platforms. But this mediated relationship also makes it easy for politicians to push back against the opinions of their constituents by deriding their views or even blocking them online. The New Town Hall gives readers a firsthand look at personal political experiences through vivid stories from a variety of Americans. Researcher and former journalist Gina Masullo documents how Americans feel when they are blocked on social media and demonstrates how political talk with elected officials—both online and offline—leads to more involved types of political participation, such as protests or campaigning for political candidates. She contextualizes these personal political experiences with an eye toward understanding how these interactions influence the democratic process.

Glenn Beck, the New York Times bestselling author of The Great Reset--issues a startling challenge to people on both sides of the aisle: America is addicted to outrage, we're at the height of a twenty-year bender, and we need an intervention. In the instant New York Times bestseller, Glenn Beck addresses how America has become more and more divided--both politically and socially. Americans are now less accepting, less forgiving, and have lost faith in many of the country's signature ideals. They are quick to point a judgmental finger at the opposing party, are unwilling to doubt their own ideologies, and refuse to have any self-awareness whatsoever. Beck states that this current downward spiral will ultimately lead to the destruction of everything America has fought so hard to preserve. This is not simply a Republican problem. This is not simply a Democratic problem. This is everyone's burden, and we need to think like recovering addicts and change. Mirroring traditional twelve-step programs, Beck outlines the actions that Americans must follow in order to prevent a farther decline down this current path of hostile bitterness. Drawing from his own life experiences and including relevant examples for each step, he is able to lead us to a more hopeful, happy future. From learning how to believe in something greater than ourselves to understanding the importance of humility, each chapter encourages self-reflection and growth. Addicted to Outrage is a timely and necessary guide for how Americans--right and left--must change to survive.

In Democracy at the Crossroads, the editors argue that there have been too few scholarly attempts to provide a comprehensive critique of the assumptions behind citizenship education. In particular, they ask the distinguished contributors to this volume to address difficult but essential questions that are often avoided or intentionally overlooked: What do all-embracing terms like 'global citizenship' really mean? What does democracy mean internationally? A timely work, Democracy at the Crossroads provides a necessary examination and re-interpretation of international perspectives on democracy and global citizenship as they apply to social education.

Nearly two decades after he was anointed by Nelson Mandela as his successor, Cyril Ramaphosa has at last taken office as the president of South Africa. But the country Ramaphosa has inherited is very different from the rainbow nation that Mandela led in the 1990s.

The South Africa of 2018 is divided and caught in a web of state capture, corruption, poverty and despair. The Zuma years have left the country and its institutions battered and bruised.

Can Ramaphosa pull South Africa out of the quagmire and restore it to its former glory, as so many people desperately hope? Is his turn at the presidency really the beginning of a new dawn.

Ralph Mathekga answers these questions, and more, in this riveting book.

This study of politics and government among a West African people, the Banyang of the Upper Cross River, covers the end of the period of Colonial administration. The book: * Shows the inter-relationship between the structure of the small forest communities and the highly autonomous processes by which they were governed * Analyses the relationship between residence and common descent as principles of corporate grouping * Includes a case study of the political struggle involved in one community's claims to independence. Originally published in 1969.

Contents:
Volume One: Welfare States and Societies in the Making
Part One

1. Asa Briggs (1984), 'The Welfare State in Historical Perspective', in (1985) The Collected Essays of Asa Briggs, Vol. 2, Brighton: The Harvester Press, pp. 177-211.
2. Christopher Pierson (1991), 'Origins and Development of the Welfare State 1880 Beyond the Welfare State? The New Political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 102-140.
3. Jeremy Bentham (1789), An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, New York: Hafner, 1948, pp. 125 - 154.
4. Tom Paine (1791), 'Of Society and Civilization', Rights of Man, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969, pp. 357
5. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848), 'Socialist and Communist Literature', Manifesto of the Communist Party, Edinburgh: Socialist Labour Press, 1909, pp. 429
6. John Stuart Mill (1859) 'Of the Limits of Society over the Individual', On Liberty, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 83-101.
7. De Toqueville, 'Government of the Democracy in America', Democracy in America, Everyman Edition, pp. 199-202.
8. De Toqueville, 'What are the Real Advantages which American Society Derives from a Democratic Government', Democracy in America, Everyman Edition, pp. 237-253.
9. Hubert Kiesewetter (1991), 'Competition for Wealth and Power: The Growing Rivalry between Industrial Britain and Industrial Germany 1815 Journal or European Economic History, 20: 2, pp. 271-299.
10. Alan Kidd (1999), 'The State and Pauperism' in State, Society and the Poor in Nineteenth-Century England, Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 8-64.
11. Charles Dickens, Hard Times, (Ch 4)
12. William Booth (1976), 'Why Darkest England?' in P Keating (ed), Into Unknown England, Fontana (pp: 141-158).
Part Two
13. Helen Bosanquet (1973), 'The Poor Law and Local Government' in Social Work in London 1869-1912, Harvester Press. (Ch XIII, pp: 266-300.)
14. S and B Webb (1911), 'The Moral Factor', in The Prevention of Destitution, Longman Green (Ch X, pp: 293
15. J Tampke (1981), 'Bismark's Social Legislation: A Genuine Breakthrough?' in W J Mommsen (Ed), The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany 1850-1950, Croom Helm (Ch 4, pp: 71-83)
16. E P Hennock (1981), 'The Origins of British National Insurance and the German Precedent 1880 The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany 1850-1950, Croom Helm (Ch 5, pp: 84)
17. Eve Rosenhaft (1994), 'The historical development of German social policy' in J Clasen and R Freeman (eds.), Social Policy in Germany, Harvester Wheatsheaf (Ch 1: pp: 21-40)
18. Werner Usdorf (1998), 'Global Topographies: The Spiritual, the Social and the Geographical in the Missionary Movement from the West', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp: 591-604.
19. Anna S Orloff (1988), 'The Political Origins of America's Belated Welfare State' in Weir, Orloff and Skocpol, (eds.), The politics of Social Policy in the United States, Princeton University Press (CH. 1, pp: 37)
20. Michael Rose (2001), The secular faith of the social settlements 'If Christ came to Chicago' in Ruth Gilchrist and Tony Jeffs (eds.), Settlements, Social Change and Community Action, Jessica Kingsley (pp: 18)
21. Political and Economic Planning (1937), Report on the British Social Services, (Summary and Conclusions, pp: 9)
22. Mutsuko Takahashi (1997), The Emergence of Welfare Society in Japan, Avebury (Ch. 2, Welfare policy in Japan before 1945, pp: 33)
23. Richard M Titmuss (1957), 'War and social Policy' in Essays on 'The Welfare State', George Allen and Unwin, (CH. 4, pp: 75)
24. C Barnett (1986), 'The Dream of New Jerusalem' in Audit of War, Macmillan (Ch 1, pp: 11)
25. William Temple (1942), 'Appendix', Christianity and Social Order, Penguin, (pp: 75-90.)
26. William Beveridge, (1942) Cm. 6404, Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services, HMSO (Part I), pp: 5-20.

Volume Two: The Zenith of Western Welfare State Systems

27. Gunnar Myrdal (1972), 'The place of values in social policy', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 1. No. 1, pp: 1-14)
28. F A Hayek (1973), 'The Danger of Unlimited Government'. In Economic Freedom and Representative Government, (4th Wincott Memorial Lecture) Occasional Paper 39, IEA, London (Ch II, pp: 9)
29. Rodney Lowe (1990), 'The Second World War, Consensus and the Foundation of the Welfare State, Twentieth Century British History, (Vol. 1, No 2, pp: 152)
30. Alan Peacock (1991), 'Welfare Philosophies and Welfare Finance' in T Wilson and D Wilson, The State and Social Welfare, Longman (pp: 37)
31. R M Titmuss (1987), 'Social Welfare and the Art of Giving' in B Abel Smith and K Titmuss (Eds.), The Philosophy of Welfare, Allen and Unwin (pp: 113)
32. Jose Harris (1991), 'Enterprise and the Welfare State', in Gourvish and O'Day (Eds.), Britain since 1945, Macmillan (pp: 39)
33. Pierre Laroque (1969), 'Social Security in France' in S. Jenkins (Ed.), Social Security in International Perspective, Columbia University Press, pp. 171-189.
34. Henning Fris (1969), 'Issues in Social Security in Denmark', in S. Jenkins (Ed.), Social Security in International Perspective, Columbia University Press. (Ch. 5), pp. 129-150.
35. Peter Baldwin (1990), 'The Failure of the Solidaristic Welfare State', in The Politics of Social Solidarity, Cambridge University Press (pp: 158)
36. Martin Seelib-Kaise (1995), 'The Development of Social Assistance and Unemployment Insurance in Germany and Japan', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 29, No. 3, pp: 269)
37. R Titmuss (1987), 'The Social Division of Welfare', in B Abel Smith and K Titmuss (Eds.), The Philosophy of Welfare, Allen and Unwin (pp: 39)
38. Arthur Seldon (1964), 'Welfare by Choice' in Rebirth of Britain, Pan, (Ch. 11, pp: 153)
39. Z Ferge (1979), 'The Emergence of Social Policy' in A Society in the Making: Hungarian Social and Societal Policy, Penguin, (pp: 50)
40. W G Runciman (1966), 'Reform and its Limits' in Relative Deprivation and Social Justice, Routledge and Kegan Paul, (Ch. XIV, pp: 285)
41. Brian Abel-Smith (1958), 'Whose Welfare State?' in N Mackenzie (Ed.), Conviction, Macgibbon and Kee, (pp: 55)
42. Peter Townsend (1962), 'The Meaning of Poverty', British Journal of Sociology (Vol. 13, pp: 212)
43. Jack Wiseman (1991), 'The Welfare State: A Public Choice Perspective' in Thomas Wilson and Dorothy Wilson (Eds.), The State and Social Welfare, Longman, (Ch. 3, pp: 55)
44. Frances Fox Piven and R Cloward (1971), 'The Welfare Explosion of the 1960s' in Regulating the Poor, Vintage, (pp: 183)
45. Theda Skocpol (1988), 'The Limits of the New Deal System and the Roots of Contemporary Welfare Dilemmas', in Weir, Orloff and Skocpol, (eds.), The politics of Social Policy in the United States, Princeton University Press (CH. 8, pp: 293)
46. Claus Offë (1984), 'Social policy and the theory of the state' in J Keane (Ed.), Contradictions of the Welfare State, Hutchinson, (Ch. 3, pp: 88)

Volume Three: Crisis of the Welfare States

47. Catherine J Jones (1980), 'Dismantling the British Welfare State The Hong Kong Journal of Social Work, (Vol. XIV, No. 2, pp: 28)
48. Digby Anderson (1981) 'Breaking the Spell of the Welfare State' in Digby Anderson, June Lait and David Marsland, Breaking the Spell of the Welfare State, Social Affairs Unit (Ch 2: pp: 11)
49. Peter Townsend, Margaret Whitehead, and Nick Davidson, (1992), 'Introduction to Inequalities in Health', Inequalities in Health, Penguin, pp: 1-27.
50. Jennifer Somerville, (1992), 'The New Right and family politics', Economy and Society, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp: 93-128.
51. Desmond S King, (1987), 'The state and the social structures of welfare in advanced industrial democracies', Theory ad Society, Vol. 16, pp: 841-868.
52. Desmond S King, (1988), 'New Right Ideology, Welfare State Form, and Citizenship: A Comment on Conservative Capitalism, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 30, pp: 793-799.
53. Ken Judge (1987), 'The British Welfare State in Transition', in Friedmann, R R, Gilbert, N and Sherer, M (Eds.) (1987), Modern Welfare States: A Comparative View of Trends and Prospects, Brighton, Wheatsheaf. pp: 1-43.
54. Nathan Glazer (1988), 'The American Welfare State: Incomplete or Different?' in The Limits of Social Policy, Harvard University Press (Ch. 10, pp: 168)
55. Christopher Pierson, (1991), 'Beyond the Welfare State?' and 'Defending the Welfare State', in Pierson, C, Beyond the Welfare State? The New political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge, Polity Press. pp: 179-222.
56. Mary McIntosh, (1981), 'Feminism and Social Policy', Critical Social Policy, Vol. 1, pp: 32-42.
57. Charles Murray, (1982), 'The Two Wars against Poverty', The Public Interest, No. 69, pp: 4-16.
58. Rudolf Klein (1995), 'Priorities and rationing: pragmatism or principles?', BMJ, Vol. 311: pp: 761-762 (Editorial).
59. Gerald F Gauss (1998), 'Why All Welfare States (Including Laissez-faire Ones) Are Unreasonable', Social Philosophy and Policy, Vol. 15, No: 2.
60. Commission on Social Justice (1994), 'What is Social Justice' in Social Justice: Strategies for National Renewal, Vintage (Introduction, pp: 17)
61. M Grazia Rossilli (1999), 'The European Union's policy on the equality of women', Feminist Studies, Spring.
62. Paul Pierson (1996), 'The New Politics of The Welfare State', World Politics, (Vol. 48), pp. 143-179.
63. Zsuzsa Ferge (1997), 'The Changed welfare Paradigm: The Individualization of the Social', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp: 20-44.
64. Schulz B H (2000), 'Globalisation, unification and the German Welfare State', International Social Science Journal, Vol. 163: pp: 39-50.
65. George, V, Stathopoulos, P and Garcés, J (1999), 'Squaring the welfare circle and government ideology: Greece and Spain in the 1990s', International Social Security Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp: 47-67.
66. Powell, M and Hewitt, M (1998), 'The End of the Welfare State?', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp: 1-13.

Volume Four: Welfare Futures

67. Stephan Leibfried (2000), 'National Welfare States, European Integration and Globalization: A perspective for the Next Century', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 34, No. 1, pp: 22)
68. Robert D Putnam, 'Bowling Alone: America's declining social capital', Journal of Democracy, (Vol. 6(1), pp: 65-78).
69. Peter Baldwin (1996), 'Can we Define a European Welfare State Model?' in Bent Greve (Ed), Comparative Welfare Systems: The Scandinavian Model in a Period of Change, Macmillan.
70. John Veit-Wilson (2000), 'States of Welfare: A Conceptual Challenge', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 34, No. 1, pp: 1)
71. Greg Martin (2001), 'Social movements, welfare and social policy: a critical analysis', Critical Social Policy, (Vol. 21(3), pp: 361)
72. Robert E Goodin, Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels and Henk-Jan Dirven (1999), The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Summarised in Pierson, C and Castles, D G (2000), The Welfare State Reader, Cambridge, Polity Press. pp: 170-189.
73. Julia Twigg (2002), 'The Body in Social Policy: Mapping a Territory', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 31, Part 3, pp: 421
74. Paul Hirst (1999), 'Associationist Welfare: a reply to Marc Stears', Economy and Society, (Vol. 28, No. 4, pp: 590)
75. Fiona Williams (1999), 'Good-enough Principles for Welfare', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 28, Part 4, pp: 667
76. Peter Taylor-Gooby (1994), 'Postmodernism and Social Policy: A Great Leap Backwards', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 23, Part 3, pp: 385)
77. Xinping Guan (2001), 'Globalization, Inequality and Social Policy: China on the Threshold of Entry into the World Trade Organization', Social Policy and Administration, (Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp: 242)
78. David Stoez (2002), 'The American Welfare State at Twilight', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 31, Part 3, pp: 487)
79. Claire Ungerson (2000), 'Thinking about the Production and Consumption of Long-term Care in Britain: Does Gender Still Matter?', Journal of Social Policy, (Vol. 29, Part 4, pp: 623)
80. John Barry and Brian Doherty (2002), 'The Greens and Social Policy: Movements, Politics, Practice?' in Michael Cahill and Tony Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Environmental Issues and Social Welfare, Blackwell. (Ch. 9, pp: 119)
81. Tamsin Wilson (1995), 'Subject to Control: Lesbians and the State', in Lesbian Studies: Setting an Agenda, Routledge (Ch. 9, pp: 181)
82. Anthony Giddens (2002), 'What Kind of Society Should Britain Become?', in Where Now for New Labour, Polity (Ch. 4, pp: 38)
83. Stephen Rathgeb Smith and Daniel J Evans (2001), 'Privatization, Devolution and the Welfare State: Rethinking the Prevailing Wisdom' (forthcoming) in Bo Rothstein and Sven Steinmo, Restructuring Politics: Institutional Challenges of Modern Welfare States.
84. Peter Taylor-Gooby (2001), 'Sustaining state welfare in hard times: who will foot the bill?', Journal of European Social Policy, (Vol. 11(2), pp: 133)
85. Peng, I (2000), 'A Fresh Look at the Japanese Welfare State', Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp: 87-114.
86. Tony Fitzpatrick (2002), 'In Search of a Welfare Democracy', Social Policy and Society, (Vol. 1, Part 1, pp: 11)
87. Rudolf Klein and Anne-Marie Rafferty (1999), 'Rorschach Politics: Tony Blair and the Third Way', The American Prospect, (Vol. 10, Issue 45, July)
88. Nicholas Deakin (2002), 'Public-Private Partnerships, Public Management Review, Vol. 4, Issue, 2, pp: 133
89. Christopher Pierson (1998), 'Contemporary Challenges to Welfare State Development', Political Studies, (Vol. XLVI, pp: 777-794)

America's lax moral attitudes are placing the nation on the brink of national suicide. No other nation has ever purposely promoted its own self-destruction. At no other time in recorded history has a nation's internalized sense of guilt dominated its social and political thinking; never a collective desire to purge itself of self-fabricated guilt complexes whose origins are, more often than not, imaginary.

We have devolved into groveling apologists seeking redemption for being a great nation. The path of least resistance, it seems, lies in undermining the customs and traditions of time-honored institutions that once made many of us proud Americans.