Fun and educational, these unique playing cards are beautifully illustrated with detailed cells and cellular structures - perfect for science lovers and cell biologists of all ages! Card faces features favorite illustrations from the textbook Cell Biology by Thomas D. Pollard et al. - from the clathrin triskelion and its three-fold symmetry on the 3 to mitotic chromosome structure on the Queen! Standard 52-card deck with illustrations of echinospherium, seipin ring, muscle thin filament with troponin-tropomyosin, and more. Jokers feature illustrations of cdk2-cyclin A (red joker) and endoplasmic reticulum (black joker). Fourteen different card faces in all featuring the well-loved cellular illustrations of Graham Johnson!

This collection of articles deals with the benefits of different types of stem cells sources, use, manipulation, and aspects for the treatment of chronic diseases. Topics include the role of calcium channel pathway/s in the regulation of neural stem cell differentiation; the evolutionary roles of the totipotent, pluripotent, or even multipotent stem cells; the derivations of multipotent MSCs; and potential canine-derived stem cell therapies for dogs. The scope of the book also provokes further studies into other topics, such as MSC differentiation into hepatocytes and the involvement of these cells with microRNA-133 in type 1 diabetes; the role of Vitronectin in the differentiation into endoderm; the extent to which the stemness of dental pulp stem cells might be useful; PBMCs as a source for pluripotent stem cells; yoga in possible synergy with the finding that bone marrow stromal cells provide relief from a laboratory reagent used as drug-mediated pain in spinal cord injury.

Myosin: Biosynthesis, Classes and Function opens with a discussion on class I myosins, the most varied members of the myosin superfamily and a remarkable group of molecular motor proteins that move actin filaments and produce force. Class I myosin molecules have various physiological roles including maintenance of normal intestinal brush border structure, glucose homeostasis, glomerular filtration, immune function, and tumor promotion and suppression, and new studies are revealing that mutations may lead to diseases including cancer and kidney disease. Thus, the authors review the structure and function of the eight myosin-I isoforms (Myo1a-Myo1h) that are expressed in mammals. Next, the book discusses muscle contractile function and its association with the activity of the protein complex actomyosin, in which myosin exhibits enzyme activity, namely the ability to hydrolyze ATP. The demonstrated ability of calix[4]arenes C-97, C-99, C-90 and thiacalix[4]arenes C-798 and C-800 can be used for further research aimed at the use of these compounds as novel pharmacological agents able to efficiently restore normal contractile function of myometrium by inhibition or activation of this function, or the eliminating negative effects of heavy metal cations. Following this, the authors present the results of their experiments on studying the effects of different isotopes of magnesium and zinc on the enzymatic activity of myosin, namely the catalytic subfragment-1 of myosin, isolated from myometrium muscle. It has been revealed that the rate of the enzymatic ATP hydrolysis is 22.5 times higher in the reaction media enriched with the magnetic isotope, 25Mg, as compared to the activity of the same enzyme in the reaction media enriched with the nonmagnetic isotopes, 24Mg or 26Mg or MgCl2 of natural isotope abundance. Continuing, precipitation/extraction methods and MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry were used in order to and identify, for the first time, a protein with the molecular mass of 48 kDa as a fragment of human unconventional myosin 1c isoform b in a blood serum of multiple sclerosis patients. Western-blot analysis using commercial monospecific anti-human Myo1c antibodies has shown that the molecular mass of this protein obtained from a blood serum of different human sources varied in between 46-48 kDa. Thus, the authors name the 46-48 kDa proteins revealed in a blood serum as a short form of the human unconventional myosin 1c (sMyo 1C).

Fully integrating histology, cell biology, and pathology, the 4th Edition of the award-winning Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology presents key concepts in an understandable, easy-to-digest manner. Authors Abraham L. Kierszenbaum, MD, PhD and Laura L. Tres MD, PhD link basic science to clinical application throughout, focusing on what you need to know for your coursework now - and how to apply that information in a clinical setting . Full-color illustrations on every page, as well as unique, student-friendly features online, help you quickly grasp the complexities of pathologic abnormalities. Get a contemporary, integrated approach to basic science and clinical knowledge, as well as histology, cell biology, and pathology with Dr. Kierszenbaum's ground-breaking text. Clearly visualize challenging concepts with the aid of vivid, full-color illustrations, diagrams, photomicrographs, and pathology photos - all fully integrated on every page of the text. Grasp key information quickly thanks to highlighted key clinical terms, clinical conditions boxes, and Essential Concepts boxes at the end of every chapter. Find clinically relevant material fast with a detailed table of contents that highlights all clinical examples in red. Understand the links between chapter concepts with new concept mapping animations online - an outstanding supplement to in-class instruction. eBook version included! For the first time, you can access the entire book online or offline across all devices with the Student Consult eBook! Build a stronger base of clinical knowledge through the integration of cell biology, histology, and pathology

This book gives an up-to-date overview of the biomedical aspects of autophagy research, a large interdisciplinary field emerging on intersection of (i) cell, developmental, and cancer biology, (ii) tissue remodelling and plasticity, ageing and longevity; (iii) immunology, microbiology, toxicology, and pathobiology; (iv) regenerative and adaptive biomedicine; and (v) pharmacology.

The mysterious disease of cancer, including breast cancer, has plagued mankind since the dawn of recorded history. Regarding the elusive cause of the disease, the "Father of Medicine," Hippocrates of Athens (460-377 BC), wrote that, "For instability is characteristic of the humours and so they may be easily altered by nature and by chance." The enigma has persisted until today. In 1971, then President Richard Nixon signed the National Cancer Act and declared a "War on Cancer." He believed the counsel of scientists and physicians that if sufficient resources were committed to the fight, cancer could be virtually eliminated within 5 years. The prophesy failed. Although mortality from a few cancers, most notably leukemias, has been significantly reduced, carcinomas, cancers of the epithelium, which account for 80% of cancer deaths, remain unchanged. While tremendous advances have taken place in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms operant in cancer, it has proven exceedingly difficult to prevent the occurrence or to halt the progress of the disease. The very best therapy remains early detection while the primary tumor is small and localized to a single site, followed by removal of the offending growth by surgery and/or radiation. The great challenge of finding a cure confronts us yet, and it is effective intervention at the molecular level that offers our best hope. We still must find the "magic bullet."

How the Human Genome Works covers the essential principles of genetics in a readable, accessible format using real-life examples of the way genes affect human behavior, health and illness, development, and evolution. Simple two-color graphics and color highlighting illustrate important concepts throughout, and the book also entails a glossary of molecular genetic terms. The text is intended for all readers who need an introduction to, or refresher on human genetics, and includes science, health, medicine, and nursing students, as well as professionals in related fields.

"International Review of Cytology" presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology - both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.;This volume includes articles addressing structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. For advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers.

Volume 33 reviews the current understanding of ion channel regulation by signal transduction pathways. Ion channels are no longer viewed simply as the voltage-gated resistors of biophysicists or the ligand-gated receptors of biochemists. They have been transformed during the past 20 years into signaling proteins that regulate every aspect of cell physiology. In addition to the voltage-gated channels, which provide the ionic currents to generate and spread neuronal activity, and the calcium ions to trigger synaptic transmission, hormonal secretion, and muscle contraction, new gene families of ion channel proteins regulate cell migration, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and gene transcription, as well as electrical excitability. Even the genome of the lowly roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans encodes almost 100 distinct genes for potassium-selective channels alone. Most of these new channel proteins are insensitive to membrane potential, yet in humans, mutations in these genes disrupt development and increase individual susceptibility to debilitating and lethal diseases.
How do cells regulate the activity of these channels? How might we restore their normal function? In Ion Channel Regulation, many of the experts who pioneered these discoveries provide detailed summaries of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control ion channel activity.
Key Features
* Reviews brain functioning at the fundamental, molecular level
* Describes key systems that control signaling between and within cells
* Explains how channels are used to stimulate growth and changes to activity of the nucleus and genome

DNA transfer to cultured cells
Edited by Katya Ravid and R. Ian Freshney
Rapid advances in DNA transfer technology have transformed many disciplines, ranging from molecular genetics to biotechnology. Scientists now have the means to introduce copies of genes into different cell types, then detect the expression of these genes in the cell. It is now possible to regulate cell growth that may lead to cancer, develop new biopharmaceuticals, and apply knowledge about the role of genes in cell processes to basic research in molecular genetics.
DNA Transfer to Cultured Cells is the first quick reference to all of the established techniques for the transfer of genetic material to cells in vitro. Featuring contributions by leading researchers in the field, this detailed guide walks the reader through a variety of DNA transfer methods, describes their application to specific cell types, and integrates aspects of molecular biology with tissue culture. Offering overviews and detailed protocols for the techniques under discussion in each of its sections, this book covers an exceptionally broad array of topics, including:
* Viral infection
* Electroporation
* Phosphate precipitation
* DEAE Dextran
* Liposomes
* Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)
* Whole chromosome transfer
* Enhanced expression.
Special sections at the end of each chapter list suppliers for necessary reagents and materials. This easy-to-use, self-contained guide addresses key developments of recent years as well as emerging trends in DNA transfer. For practical applications in cell biology, genetics, heredity, biotechnology, or evolution, DNA Transfer to Cultured Cells is a uniqueand unparalleled resource.

This book will be of importance in breast cancer diagnosis where cytology has become a mandatory procedure in the large number of cases where doubt remains. The book aims to provide the reader with up-to-date information on the techniques of breast cytologic sampling and interpretation. The text is accompanied by colour and black and white illustrations and includes practical procedures and pathological findings.

Fun and educational, these unique playing cards are beautifully illustrated with detailed cells and cellular structures - perfect for science lovers and cell biologists of all ages! Card faces features favorite illustrations from the textbook Cell Biology by Thomas D. Pollard et al. - from the clathrin triskelion and its three-fold symmetry on the 3 to mitotic chromosome structure on the Queen! Standard 52-card deck with illustrations of endosomes and lysosome, mother and daughter centrioles, membrane traffic, eukaryotic phylogenetic tree, three cytoskeletal polymers, and more. Jokers feature illustrations of autophagy (red joker) and ribosome, V-type ATPase, CRISPR/Cas, bacterium (black joker). Fourteen different card faces in all featuring the well-loved cellular illustrations of Graham Johnson. Includes 12 individual decks of cards.

Phagocytosis is an elegant, but complex process that cells use for the ingestion and elimination of particles larger than 5 mm in diameter. Unicellular organisms use phagocytosis to eat, while complex pluricellular animals have special phagocytic cells, which can phagocytize microbial pathogens, foreign toxic substances, and apoptotic cells. The Russian scientist Elie Metchnikoff originally described phagocytosis in the late 19th century. The scientific community of the time strongly opposed phagocytosis as part of their defense mechanisms, since the view was that only humoral elements were responsible for immunity. The importance of this cellular process has become evident with time thanks to the efforts of many dedicated researchers. Today, phagocytosis is recognized as a fundamental process not only for immunity, but also for tissue homeostasis. Because phagocytosis is a very complex process, its molecular bases are not completely known. This book represents an effort to introduce our present understanding of phagocytosis through the contribution of several brilliant scientists that actually investigate phagocytosis on a daily basis. This book describes the history of phagocytosis and then the various steps of the phagocytic process from initial cell contact to phagosome formation, where the phagocytized particle is destroyed. Each chapter deals with one of these steps and emphasizes the molecules that participate at that step. The authors begin by describing the difficult origins of phagocytosis and how the cellular theory was finally recognized to be as important as the humoral theory of immunity. Next, the chapter "Receptor Signaling During Phagocytosis" talks about the signaling pathways of the major groups of phagocytic receptors, namely receptors for antibodies and complement. Then, the chapter The Role of Phosphoinositides in the Formation and Maturation of Phagosomes describes how these different membrane phospholipds regulate the changes in membrane composition during the process of phagocytosis. The following chapters deal with the mechanics of phagosome formation and membrane traffic for phagosome maturation. So, the chapter "Phagosome Formation and Sealing: A Physical Point of View" tells us about the cytoskeleton changes that bring about the closure of the new phagosome. The chapter Vesicular Trafficking: Golgi to Plasma Membrane describes the movement of internal membranes to the plasma membrane to allow the formation of the phagosome. The chapter Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: Super Phagocytes with a Rhythm describes an important example of how phagocytosis contributes to homeostasis. In the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium cells specifically phagocytize the photosensitive outer segment of photoreceptor cells following a diurnal rhythm. This contributes to the maintenance of a healthy retina. Finally, the chapter How Do Microbial Pathogens Escape from Phagocytosis? describes various mechanisms that some microbial pathogens have evolved to disrupt the phagocytic process and be able to survive in the host to perpetuate their infection. Each chapter can be read independently, but together all of the chapters offer a general view of phagocytosis. The book provides in this way a complete modern vision of this important biological function.

Embryonic stem cells have the ability to develop into virtually any cell in the body, and may have the potential to treat medical conditions such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease. In August 2001, President Bush announced that for the first time federal funds would be used to support research on human embryonic stem cells, but funding would be limited to 'existing stem cell lines'. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has established the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry which lists stem cell lines that are eligible for use in federally funded research. Although 78 cell lines are listed, 21 embryonic stem cell lines are currently available. Scientists are concerned about the quality, longevity, and availability of the eligible stem cell lines. For a variety of reasons, many believe research advancement requires new embryonic stem cell lines, and for certain applications, stem cells derived from cloned embryos may offer the best hope for progress in understanding and treating disease. A significant cohort of pro-life advocates support stem cell research; those opposed are concerned that the isolation of stem cells requires the destruction of embryos. Letters from Congress, one signed by 206 Members of the House and a second signed by 58 Senators, have been sent urging President Bush to expand the current federal policy concerning embryonic stem cell research. Some have argued that stem cell research be limited to adult stem cells obtained from tissues such as bone marrow. They argue that adult stem cells should be pursued instead of embryonic stem cells because they believe the derivation of stem cells from either embryos or aborted foetuses is ethically unacceptable. Other scientists believe adult stem cells should not be the sole target of research because of important scientific and technical limitations. Groups make ethical distinctions in the debate on how to proceed with stem cell research based upon embryo protection, relief of suffering, viability, the purpose and timing of embryo creation and destruction, donor consent, scientific alternatives, federal funding, and cloning. Other countries are moving fast with active research programs. This book presents the current confused situation along with a selective bibliography.

Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, auto-immune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This new book brings together leading research from throughout the world in this frontier field.

Toxicity against tissue stem cells (TSCs) is a major problem in drug development and environmental health science. Despite their essential function in all human cellular tissues, the nature of tissue stem cells is not fully understood. The small fraction of stem cells in tissues and the lack of specific biomarkers for their quantification present a formidable challenge to developing tools for their study and assays that can identify stem cell-toxic agents. Human Stem Cell Toxicology reveals TSC toxicity as a biomedical reality that is now well under siege by newly emerging ideas and technologies, despite these challenges. Chapters consider stem cell toxicity by environmental agents, pharmaceutical drug candidates, and marketed therapeutic medicines with adverse side effects. New insights to cellular, molecular, biochemical, and chemical mechanisms of human tissue stem cell toxicity are brought together. Experimental and theoretical treatments are of specific topics, including approaches to monitoring TSC function, newly discovered TSC types and TSC toxicity resistance mechanisms, are covered by expert authors. This book informs and champions the continued development of innovative technologies to predict the TSC toxicity of compounds before their use, whether in patients or the environment, by addressing emerging new cell-based approaches and concepts for technical innovation. This publication will be a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers working in toxicology, pharmaceutical science, tissue cell biology and stem cell biology.

Cytology refers to a branch of pathology that deals with making diagnoses of diseases and conditions through the examination of tissue samples from the body (MedicineNet.com). Immunocytochemistry is a laboratory method that uses antibodies to check for certain antigens (markers) in a sample of cells. The antibodies are usually linked to an enzyme or a fluorescent dye. After the antibodies bind to the antigen in the cell sample, the enzyme or dye is activated, and the antigen can then be seen under a microscope. Immunocytochemistry is used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer. It may also be used to help tell the difference between different types of cancer (National Cancer Institute). This book is a comprehensive guide to the techniques and application of immunocytochemistry in cytology. Divided into two parts, the first section discusses basic principles and preparation, techniques and quality control, and automated immune staining. Section Two covers diagnostic applications of immunocytochemistry for many different types of tumour. The text is highly illustrated with microphotographs, tables and boxes to assist learning and interpretation of findings for accurate diagnosis. Key points Comprehensive guide to techniques and application of immunocytochemistry in cytology Provides thorough understanding of basic principles and methods Covers diagnostic applications for many different types of tumour Highly illustrated with microphotographs, tables and boxes

The University of Florida has an ambitious goal: to harness the power of its faculty, staff, students, and alumni to solve some of society's most pressing problems and to become a resource for the state of Florida, the nation, and the world. In the upcoming decades, an unprecedented demographic shift will take place; the eighty-five and over population is projected to climb far higher than any other age group. To keep the current elderly population healthy and help prevent future generations from experiencing poor health outcomes, researchers are studying crucial connections between skeletal muscles and whole-body health. The University of Florida is at the forefront of this research, utilizing its nationally recognized excellence in the fields of muscle biology and exercise physiology to discover unique ways to preserve muscle health in the aging and those with diseases. Find out how the proteins within muscle can be manipulated to reduce recovery times for individuals who are bedridden. Learn how older, elite athletes have resisted the inevitable degeneration that comes with aging, and how intermittent fasting may help you live longer and healthier. Step inside the lab where a researcher is uncovering the origins of cancer cachexia a wasting syndrome responsible for 20 percent of cancer deaths worldwide to improve the lives of patients. The loss of skeletal muscle through disease, disuse, or aging is associated with a host of poor health outcomes, but promising new avenues of research are being studied every day at the University of Florida to make for a healthier tomorrow.

Dr. Greg Maguire's thought-provoking book offers a radically new approach to the standard means of developing drugs through the use of the molecules that stem cells release. Emphasizing that living organisms operate through the collective actions of entities within and between all levels of the biological organism, including the quantum level, molecular level, and cellular level, for example, the argument is put forth that drug development, and medicine itself, must treat various indications by understanding and then treating the collective actions at the relevant levels that are found to be perturbed in that particular indication. Motivated by the recent successes in the fields of quantum collective electrodynamics and condensed matter physics, where systems level thinking has explained through mathematical and conceptual reasoning how these phenomenon work, and doing so with heuristic outcomes, Maguire argues that the same system level thinking must be applied to drug development and medicine. The interactive nature of these fundamental collective processes is at the core of developing systems therapeutics and, as such, challenges those that believe in fundamental reductionism, where understanding the components of the system will explain the system. During these times, fundamental reductionism is often used to explain diseases as the result of an aberration in a DNA sequence, and targeted approaches to drug development lead to the development of small molecules to specifically target only one pathway. Because of this, there is an understanding that diseases and other indications are multifactorial and often don't involve a genomic alteration; systems biology analysis should lead to systems therapeutics where multiple pathways, often at different levels of the organism, are targeted by the therapeutic aspects. The therapeutic development approach that Maguire explains is a result of reverse engineering endogenous adult stem cell function that serves to maintain and heal our tissues. Using the pools of molecules that different types of adult stem cells release, each pool of molecules being tissue specific for the indication to be treated, Maguire describes the systems therapeutic results. The book is divided into nine sections, each of which can be read as a standalone chapter and serve as a source of references on the particular topic. Although some of the topics use mathematical formulas, none of the material requires mathematical rigor in order to understand the concepts. The last chapter culminates in showing how the systems therapeutic approach using the molecules from adult stem cells is used to treat neurodegeneration.

Chapter One is addressed to a comprehensive revision of the bibliography regarding the emergence of liposomes and the first steps in their design, the type of systems (components and structures), their classification and properties. Chapter Two discusses the possibility of creating living synthetic cells. Chapter Three provides an overview of the development and application of liposomes in biomedical sciences, with special emphasis on recent advances in the investigation of multifunctional liposomes that target cells and cellular organelles with a single delivery system. In Chapter Four, the authors review the mechanisms of drug transport through the BBB using liposomes, and the design strategies for optimum liposomal properties. In Chapter Five, the development rationales and structural types of pH-sensitive liposomes is discussed Chapter Six presents the characteristic, classification and preparation methods of liposomes. To develop liposomal drug delivery system, functional liposomes including antibody-conjugating liposomes known as immunoliposomes and stimuli-triggered liposomes such as pH- and thermo-sensitive liposomes have been investigated in Chapter Seven. Chapter Eight covers the use of thermosensitive liposomes for drug delivery and cancer therapy, because the side-effects of anticancer drugs are restrained and drug release can be controlled in combination with local hyperthermia. In Chapter Nine, the authors summarise the potential of OMLs as a novel adjuvant and antigen delivery vehicle for induction of encased antigen-specific strong T cell immunity. Chapter Ten presents the recent advances of liposomes in drug and vaccine delivery and shed light to the application of DSC to thermodynamic characterisation of liposomal delivery platforms. Chapter Eleven focuses on various liposomal delivery systems that are currently being explored to overcome the anatomical and physiological obstacles to improve the delivery efficiency of BNCT to brain glioma cells.

Each volume in this richly illustrated series, published in association with the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology, provides an organ-based approach to the cytological and histological diagnosis of small tissue samples. Benign, pre-malignant and malignant entities are presented in a well-organized and standardized format, with high-resolution color photomicrographs, tables, and lists of key specific morphologic criteria. Example vignettes allow the reader to assimilate the diagnostic principles in a case-based format. This volume provides comprehensive coverage of both surgical pathology and cytopathology of breast lesions. With a focus on malignant tumors, the full spectrum of inflammatory disorders, benign lesions, and hyperplasias are also covered in detail. Advantages and disadvantages of aspiration and core biopsy are discussed, as well as ancillary testing such as hormonal and molecular markers. With over 500 printed photomicrographs and a CD-ROM offering all images in a downloadable format, this is an important resource for all anatomic pathologists.

In this book, the authors gather and present topical research in the study of cell transplantation. Topics discussed in this compilation include cell transplantation in chronic kidney disease; dendritic cells in allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation; islet cell transplantation replacing beta cells that produce insulin in a diabetes cure; ocular surface reconstruction using cellular therapies; cell therapy on ischemic flaps; and, new therapeutic strategy for veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.