The past few years have witnessed rapid progress in the characterization of mechanisms that underlie the generation and processing of inter- and intracellular signals. While there have been significant corollary advances in the area of signaling in disease processes, there is as yet no single resource that connects these advances with an understanding of disease processes and applications for novel therapeutics. Collecting chapters from the leading experts in their respective fields, editors Toren Finkel and Silvio Gutkind deliver a much-needed introduction to signaling and a fruitful discussion of promising directions for future research.

Signal Transduction and Human Disease capitalizes on the current emphasis on translational research and biological relevance in biotechnology and, conversely, the importance of molecular approaches for clinical research. Each chapter conveys the sense of a disease process, what it affects, how it presents, how common it is, and what the treatments are. Clinical descriptions are not exhaustive but rather serve as an outline regarding the disease’s manifestations and current treatment options. Following this introduction, the authors present an in-depth discussion of one or two signal transduction pathways or biological processes relevant to the disease. The editors divide their study into five sections:

• Cardio-Pulmonary Disease
• Oncology
• Endocrinology
• Infectious Disease
• Allergy/Rheumatology
• Neurology/Psychiatry

Biochemists, molecular and cell biologists, immunologists, pharmacologists, and clinical researchers, as well as graduate students in a variety of scientific disciplines, will find Signal Transduction and Human Disease to be an invaluable addition to the literature.

Flow cytometry continually amazes scientists with its ever-expanding utility. Advances in flow cytometry have opened new directions in theoretical science, clinical diagnosis, and medical practice. The new edition of Flow Cytometry: First Principles provides a thorough update of this now classic text, reflecting innovations in the field while outlining the fundamental elements of instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis.

Flow Cytometry: First Principles, Second Edition explains the basic principles of flow cytometry, surveying its primary scientific and clinical applications and highlighting state-of-the-art techniques at the frontiers of research. This edition contains extensive revisions of all chapters, including new discussions on fluorochrome and laser options for multicolor analysis, an additionalsection on apoptosis in the chapter on DNA, and new chapters onintracellular protein staining and cell sorting, including high-speed sorting and alternative sorting methods, as well as traditional technology. This essential resource:

• Assumes no prior knowledge of flow cytometry
• Progresses with an informal, engaging lecture style from simpleto more complex concepts
• Offers a clear introduction to new vocabulary, principles of instrumentation, and strategies for data analysis
• Emphasizes the theory relevant to all flow cytometry, with examples from a variety of clinical and scientific fields

Flow Cytometry: First Principles, Second Edition provides scientists, clinicians, technologists, and students with the knowledge necessary for beginning the practice of flow cytometry and for understanding related literature.

Disease Pathways: An Atlas of Human Disease Signaling Pathways is designed to fill a void of illustrated reviews about the cellular mechanisms of human diseases. It covers 42 of the most common non-oncologic diseases and illustrates the connections between the molecular causes of the disease and its symptoms. This resource provides readers with detailed information about the disease molecular pathways, while keeping the presentation simple. Pathway models that aggregate the knowledge about protein-protein interactions have become indispensable tools in many areas of molecular biology, pharmacology, and medicine. In addition to disease pathways, the book includes a comprehensive overview of molecular signaling biology and application of pathway models in the analysis of big data for drug discovery and personalized medicine. This is a must-have reference for general biologists, biochemists, students, medical workers, and everyone interested in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human disease.

It is now more than ten years since Dr. Alec Jeffreys (now Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys, FRS) reported in Nature that the investigation of certain minisatellite regions in the human genome could produce what he termed DNA fingerprints and provide useful information in the fields of paternity testing and forensic analysis. Since that time we have witnessed a revolution in the field of forensic identification. A total change of technology, from serological or electrophoretic analysis of protein polymorphisms to direct investigation of the underlying DNA polymorphisms has occurred in a short space of time. In addition, the evolution and development of the DNA systems themselves has been rapid and spectacular. In the last decade we have progressed from the multilocus DNA fing- prints, through single locus systems based on the same Southern blot RFLP technology, to a host of systems based on the PCR technique. These include Allele Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO)-primed systems detected by dot blots, the "binary" genotypes produced by mapping variations within VNTR repeats demonstrated by minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) analysis, and yet other fragment-length polymorphisms in the form of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci. Hand in hand with the increasing range of systems available has been the development of new instrumentation to facilitate their analysis and allow us to explore the possibilities of high volume testing in the form of mass scre- ing and offender databases.

Because of the huge potential of human embryonic stem (hES) cells, especially the newly developed human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, in disease treatment and life quality improvement, enormous efforts have been made to develop new methodologies to translate lab discoveries in stem cell research into bed-side clinical technologies. In Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lineage-Specific Differentiation Protocols, experts in the field present a comprehensive collection of protocols designed for labs around the world. The topics covered in this detailed volume include techniques used for maintenance of hES and iPS cells in either small or large scale, techniques for directing hES and iPS cell lineage specification, techniques for enhancing the maturity of differentiated hES and iPS cells within three-dimensional scaffolds, techniques for reprogramming adult cells into iPS cells, techniques for generating patient-specific iPS cells, and techniques for translating hES and iPS cell research into new therapies. Chapters include lab ready protocols with tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Wide-ranging and authoritative, Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lineage-Specific Differentiation Protocols will be a tremendous aid for researchers and students who wish to explore these areas and transform their discoveries into the next generation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technologies.

Concise yet comprehensive, Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates is a practical guide to the diagnostic interpretation of virtually any cytological specimen you may encounter. This highly useful bench manual covers all organ systems and situations in which cytology is used, including gynecologic, non-gynecologic, and FNA samples, with an in-depth differential diagnosis discussion for all major entities. As with previous editions, the revised 5th Edition focuses on practical issues in diagnosis and the use of cytology in clinical care, making it ideal for both trainee and practicing pathologists. Uses easy-to-read, bulleted text to provide a quick review of key differential diagnoses, indications and methods, cytomorphologic features, clinical pearls, and tissue acquisition protocols for specific entities. Includes coverage of patient management in discussions of pertinent clinical features and emphasizes clinical correlation throughout. Examines the role of immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular biology in resolving difficulties in interpretation and diagnosis. Features more than 550 full-color illustrations that provide a real-life perspective of a full range of cytologic findings. Discusses hot topics such as new diagnostic biomarkers and their utility in differential diagnosis, the latest Bethesda System classifications/terminology, new techniques, and new adjunct tests. Provides an in-depth analysis of common diagnostic pitfalls to assist with daily sign-out and reporting. Includes a video on how to perform fine needle aspiration biopsy, from the patient interview and precautions to demonstration of techniques. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Prostate Cancer provides an up-to-date review of the biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetic changes in prostate cells that are the driving forces in the initiation and progression of cancer. It includes an overview by experts in the field of cell-cell interactions, including stem cells, reactive Stromal cells and membrane lipid rafts that are instrumental in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer.

Despite remarkable progress in genome science, we are still far from a clear understanding of how genomic DNA is packaged without entanglement into a nucleus, how genes are wrapped up in chromatin, how chromatin structure is faithfully inherited from mother to daughter cells, and how the differential expression of genes is enabled in a given cell type. Exploring and answering these questions constitutes one of the next frontiers in the 21st century. We are just beginning to appreciate how Multifarious DNA structures provide additional structural and functional dimensions to chromatin organization and gene expression. DNA Conformation and Transcription is the first book that compiles the fruits of the studies that have been performed to date to solve the riddle 'written' in DNA conformation ("conformation code"). This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field by covering history of the field, up-to-date topics, clarifications of present day research, and future perspective of what is still to be discovered. Thus, it serves as an invaluable source of information on the "conformation code".

This manual not only provides reliable, up-to-date protocols for lab use but also the theoretical background of molecular biology, allowing users to better understand the principles underlying these techniques. It covers a wide range of methods, including the purification of nucleic acids, enzymatic modification of DNA, isolation of specific DNA fragments, PCR, cloning techniques, and gene expression. A Springer Lab Manual

In this thoroughly revised and expanded third edition of the highly praised classic, The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics, a panel of hands-on experts update their descriptions of the basic concepts and interpretations involved in chromosome analysis to include the many advances that have occurred in the field. Among the highlights are a full chapter devoted to advances in chromosome microarray, soon to become a standard of care in this field, as well as an update on chromosome nomenclature as reflected in ISCN 2009. Other features include an update on automation to reflect the current state of the art, an update on hematopoietic neoplasms to reflect the new WHO guidelines, and updates on all regulatory changes that have been implemented. Cutting edge and readily accessible, The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics, Third Edition offers physicians who depend on the cytogenetics laboratory for the diagnosis of their patients, students in cytogenetics programs, graduate and medical students studying for board examinations, cytogenetics technologists, and cytogeneticists a clear understanding of what happens in the cytogenetics laboratory to facilitate accurate and timely diagnoses.

Although cell fusion is an omnipresent process in life, to date considerably less is still known about the mechanisms and the molecules being involved in this biological phenomenon in higher organisms. In Cell Fusion in Health and Disease Vol 1 & Vol 2 leading experts will present up-to-date overviews about cell fusion in physiological and patho-physiological processes, which further covers the current knowledge about cell fusion-mediating molecules. Volume 1 deals with Cell Fusion in Health and will cover aspects of cell fusion in fertilization, placentation, in C. elegans, in skeletal muscle development and tissue repair, and the use of cell fusion for cellular reprogramming and cancer vaccine development. Volume 2 focuses on Cell Fusion in Disease with a particular emphasis on the role of cell fusion in cancer development and progression. Thus, Cell Fusion in Health and Disease Vol 1 & Vol 2 represents a state-of-the-art work for researchers, physicians or professionals being interested in the biological phenomenon of cell fusion and beyond.

In addition to the traditional cytogenetics still used as the basic methodology for everyday clinical diagnosis, new molecular cytogenetic techniques provide a useful basis for routine diagnosis. Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a standard technique, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), and multi-color FISH have shown their potential for diagnostic purposes. Following a section on tissue culture, chromosome staining and basic information about karyotyping, nomenclature and quality standards, protocols of relevance for comprehensive cytogenetic diagnostics are presented.

Although cell fusion is an omnipresent process in life, to date considerably less is still known about the mechanisms and the molecules being involved in this biological phenomenon in higher organisms. In Cell Fusion in Health and Disease Vol 1 & Vol 2 leading experts will present up-to-date overviews about cell fusion in physiological and patho-physiological processes, which further covers the current knowledge about cell fusion-mediating molecules. Volume 1 deals with Cell Fusion in Health and will cover aspects of cell fusion in fertilization, placentation, in C. elegans, in skeletal muscle development and tissue repair, and the use of cell fusion for cellular reprogramming and cancer vaccine development. Volume 2 focuses on Cell Fusion in Disease with a particular emphasis on the role of cell fusion in cancer development and progression. Thus, Cell Fusion in Health and Disease Vol 1 & Vol 2 represents a state-of-the-art work for researchers, physicians or professionals being interested in the biological phenomenon of cell fusion and beyond.

This book is about calreticulin, a multifunctional calcium binding protein first discovered over 20 years ago. The protein has been described in various locations: endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, cytoplasmic granules, nucleus, cell surface and even secreted into the blood stream. This volume outlines the newly discovered functions for calreticulin including its control of calcium homeostasis, modulation of steroid-sensitive gene expression, control of viral RNA replication, modulation of nuclear transport, role in T lymphocyte activation and cytotoxic killing, chaperone function, control of adhesion-dependent signaling via integrins, possible role in the biology of ticks, in the pathology of autoimmune diseases and in blood function.

This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners and trainees at all levels of experience and training. Covering all aspects of cytology, including gynecologic, non-gynecologic exfoliative, fine-needle aspiration, and imaging, it incorporates the most recent scientific and technical knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today's practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Cytopathology, third edition, is a visually stunning, one-stop resource for every practicing pathologist, cytotechnologist, resident, cytopathology fellow, and cytotechnology student as an ideal day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource. Covers all areas of cytopathology, including clinical, radiologic, and immunohistochemical as well as cytopathologic features and molecular correlates where applicable Contains new chapters on ancillary molecular tests specific to thyroid, prognostic/therapy-related immunomarkers in cell blocks, and small biopsies Provides new immunohistochemical and molecular coverage, including new immunostains and genomic targets Incorporates new reporting terminology (such as serous fluid and effusions) and updates to existing reporting terminologies Reflects the expanded use of fine-needle aspiration for small biopsies (FNA-B) with many more images added and updated throughout Keeps you up-to-date with current and emerging reporting systems on pancreaticobiliary, salivary, breast, and soft tissue cytology Features more than 3,000 print and online images, including carefully annotated histology and gross pathology photos, full-color illustrations, clinical photographs, and radiologic images to help practicing and in-training pathologists reach a confident diagnosis Includes new videos on such topics as the cytoprepratory process, cell transfer cell block and smears, collodion bag cell block, and more Employs consistently templated chapters, bulleted content, key facts, a variety of tables, annotated images, pertinent references, and an extensive index for quick, expert cytopathology reference at the point of care Includes an eBook version that enables you to access all text, figures, and references with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud

Concise writing, a focus on clinical applications, and superb illustrations make Netter's Essential Biochemistry, by Peter Ronner, PhD, the perfect choice for a basic understanding of biochemistry.. A single expert voice, informed by the insights of a team of reviewers, provides continuity throughout the text, presenting essentials of biochemical principles step by step. Summary diagrams help you grasp key concepts quickly, and end-of-chapter questions reinforce key concepts. Provides a highly visual, reader-friendly approach to the challenging area of biochemistry. Integrates the clinical perspective throughout the text, giving context and meaning to biochemistry. Frames every chapter with helpful synopses and summaries, and ends each chapter with review questions that reinforce major themes. Illustrates key concepts with beautifully clear drawings and diagrams of biochemical processes which are supplemented with art from the renowned Netter collection, bridging basic sciences with clinical practice. Student ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book as well as new materials (outlined above) designed to produce a more rounded learning experience.

This hugely important volume presents in a single text many novel aspects of stem cell biology with respect to scientific endeavors and future applications. During the past few years, stem cell research has metamorphosed into distinct and specialized avenues of research. What makes this book unique is that it not only covers these varied areas of research, but examines in detail some of the key pharmacological issues that up to now have not been addressed in a single volume.

The convergence of life sciences and micro/nanotechnologies is one of the fastest growing modern R and D areas with an enormous potential societal impact. Microfluidics or Lab-on-Chip (LOC) devices, also dubbed BioMEMS, are a fascinating example of this combination of two scientific areas. This book, which is the first volume entirely dedicated to microfabricated cell-based systems, will provide readers with a quick introduction to the field as well as with a variety of specific examples of such Lab-on-Chip systems for cellomics applications. It will give investigators inspiration for innovative research topics, whereas end users will be surprised about the wide variety of new and exciting applications.

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 1 Introduction The developmental steps which lead to the formation of the human perineum seem firmly established (Arey 1965; Hamilton and Mossman1972; Moore and Persaud 1998; Wartenberg 1993; Sadler 1995; Larsen 1997). They form the base for the evaluation of the pathogenesis of a great variety of complicated and often serious malformations which occur in this region. This concept has, however, been challenged by the results of an investigation into the n- mal and abnormal development of the anorectum in pig (van der Putte and Neeteson 1983, 1984; van der Putte 1986). Observations revealed that at least in pig, a major element in current ideas about the early development of the perineum, namely the process by which the original simple cloaca is sub- vided into a urogenital and anal part is incorrect, while additional obser- tions strongly suggested that the same may be true for ideas about female and male sexual transformation. A preliminary investigation in human - bryos gave similar indications (van der Putte 1986). The data supported e- lier critical findings (Politzer 1931, 1932; Wijnen 1964; Ludwig 1965) which have apparently been ignored, possibly because they seemed to hinder the understanding of the pathogenesis of congenital malformations such as - perforate anus and hypospadias.

Basic and clinical scientists with an interest in how cytokines regulate the production of antibody, and the selective expression of distinct antibody classes in response to microbial and other antigenic challenges, now have a single, comprehensive and timely volume covering this complex field. Cytokine Regulation of Humoral Immunity: Basic and Clinical Aspects uniquely focuses on the impact of the cytokine network on the humoral immune response, as well as its implications for the evolving field of cytokine-based medical therapeutics. With introductory chapters on basic B lymphocyte biology, a systematic and detailed review of the major B cell active cytokines, and discussions on cytokine regulation of normal and pathogenic humoral immune states, this highly referenced book will serve as a valuable source of information for both students and seasoned investigators active in multiple branches of basic and clinical immunology.

The fourth edition of this well-known text provides students, researchers and technicians in the area of medicine, genetics and cell biology with a concise, understandable introduction to the structure and behavior of human chromosomes. It covers both basic and up-to-date material on normal and defective chromosomes. This new edition is particularly strengthened by the complete revision of the material on the molecular genetics of chromosomes and chromosomal defects. The mapping and molecular analysis of chromosomes is one of the most exciting and active areas of modern biomedical research, and this book will be invaluable to scientists, students, technicians and physicians with an interest in the function and dysfunction of chromosomes.

From the reviews of the third edition
"Each word "tells" in this concise gem of a human cytogenetics text...Superb organization makes this an excellent text...for any cytogenetics course."
- American Journal of Human Genetics"

...the leading textbook in English on human cytogenetics."
- Cell

This book reflects practical approaches to answering a variety of biological and medical questions using DNA fingerprinting and genetic profiling in a broad sense that also includes statistical evaluation of the data. It has been written for biology, biochemistry and medical students, graduates, postdoctoral fellows, academic teachers and for all researchers in the theoretical and applied sciences wherever genetic identification and relationship analysis are required.

This text describes a system of reporting breast fine needle aspiration biopsy that uses five clearly defined categories, each described by a specific term and each with a specific risk of malignancy. The five categories are insufficient/inadequate, benign, atypical, suspicious of malignancy and malignant. Each category has a risk of malignancy and is linked to management recommendations, which include several options because it is recognized that diagnostic infrastructure, such as the availability of core needle biopsy and ultrasound guidance, vary between developed and low and middle income countries. This text includes key diagnostic cytological criteria for each of the many lesions and tumors found in the breast. The cytopathology of specific lesions is illustrated with high quality photomicrographs with clear figure descriptions. Chapters also discuss current and potential future ancillary tests, liquid based cytology, nipple cytology and management. An additional chapter provides an overview of an approach to the diagnosis of direct smears of breast fine needle aspiration biopsies. The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology provides a clear logical approach to the diagnosis and categorization of breast lesions by FNAB cytology, and aims to facilitate communication with breast clinicians, further research into breast cytopathology and related molecular pathology, and improve patient care.

In the present work, processes of cell proliferation, cell death, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis in the mouse hippocampus were studied. The mapping of distribution of hippocampal mitoses and counting of their number allowed a more precise definition of the data concerning the disposition and age reduction of proliferative sites in Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus in the mouse. As a result, the following generalized scheme of development and age reduction of the germinal zones in the mouse hippocampus has been suggested. 1. Ammon's horn a) The ventricular zone, from the beginning of formation of the hippocampus (Ell) until E20 b) The suprafimbrial zone, from El6 until P7 2. Dentate gyrus a) The prime germinal zone ("the anlage of the dentate gyrus" of Stanfield and CowanI979b), from E15 until P3 b) The proliferative zone of the hilus, from P3 until Pl4 c) The subgranular zone, from P3 until adult age The adduced scheme needs some comments: 1. In the hippocampus (as well as in other formations of the developing brain), primary precursors of all types of cells of neuroectodermal origin are represented by cells of the ventricular zone. They give rise to cells of secondary germinal zones in the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn and are direct precursors of the majority (if not of all) neuronal cells in Ammon's horn, the earliest originating generations of neurons in the dentate gyrus, hippocampal radial glial cells, and, evidently, of a considerable part of astroblasts and oligodendroblasts in Ammon's horn.

Cytopathologic, Physiologic, Diagnostic and Clinical Aspects of Retinal Degeneration: Histochemical Comparison of Ocular Drusen in Bruch's Membrane and Drusen in Eyes from Normal and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Donors; M. Kamei, et al. Animal Models of Retinal Degeneration: Development of a Model for Macular Degeneration; P.E. Rakoczy, et al. Subretinal Iodoacetate: A Model of Retinal Degeneration in Cats; J.C. Huang, et al. Mechanisms of Retinal Degeneration and Cell Death: Nitric Oxide-Induced Increases in Retinal cGMP: A Role in Photoreceptor Degenerations; I. Morgan, J.W. Wellard. Candidate Genes, Cloning Mapping and Other Molecular Genetics of Retinal Degeneration: Isolation of Candidate Genes for Retinal Degenerations; G. Inana, et al. Transplantation, Gene Therapy and Cell Rescue: bFGF Transfected Iris Pigment Epithelial Cells Rescue Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration in RCS Rats; M. Tamai, et al. Structural, Physiologic and Ageing Correlates of Retinal Degeneration. Further Studies on the Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments by Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells; M.O. Hall. 36 Additional Articles. Index.