In its efforts to control the use of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and other illegal drugs, the United States spends about $35 billion per year in public funds. Almost half a million dealers and users are under incarceration. In this book, David Boyum and Peter Reuter provide an assessment of how well this massive investment of tax dollars and government authority is working. Boyum and Reuter show that America s drug problem is mainly a legacy of the epidemics of heroin, cocaine, and crack use during the 1970s and 1980s, which left us with aging cohorts of criminally active and increasingly sick users. Newer drugs, such as Ecstasy and methamphetamine, perennially threaten to become comparable problems, but so far have not. Using a market framework, the book discusses the nature and effectiveness of efforts to tackle the nation s drug problems. Drug policy has become increasingly punitive, with the number of drug offenders in jail and prison growing tenfold between 1980 and 2003. Nevertheless, there is strikingly little evidence that tougher law enforcement can materially reduce drug use. By contrast, drug treatment services remain in short supply, even though research indicates that treatment expenditures easily pay for themselves in terms of reduced crime and improved productivity. Boyum and Reuter conclude that America s drug policy should be reoriented in several ways to be more effective. Enforcement should focus on reducing drug-related problems, such as violence associated with drug markets, rather than on locking up large numbers of low-level dealers. Treatment services for heavy users, particularly methadone and other opiate maintenance therapies, need more money and fewer regulations. And programs that coerce convicted drug addicts to enter treatment and maintain abstinence as a condition of continued freedom should be expanded. The AEI Evaluative Studies series aims to promote greater understanding and continuing review of major activities of the federal government. Each study focuses on a gov

Captain H.R. Robinson, completing a posting as a young British administrator in remote northern Burma, returned to Mandalay in 1923 to await a new assignment. One evening he and two friends came upon an opium den. While his friends called it a night. Robinson stayed on to sample the forbidden pleasures within--a decision that was to alter his life forever. Thus commences an incredible autobiographical account of the seduction of a naive young romantic by the East, and of his eventual narrow escape from death. First published in 1942, the book has become a sought after rarity among British colonial accounts, now republished with a new foreword by Gerry Abbott.

From Chocolate to Morphine is the definitive guide to drugs and drug use from one of America's most respected and best-known doctors. This enormously popular book -- the best and most authoritative resource for unbiased information about how drugs affect the mind and the body -- covers a wide range of available substances, from coffee to marijuana, antihistamines to psychedelics, steroids to smart drugs, and discusses likely effects, precautions, and alternatives. Now expanded and updated to cover such drugs as oxycontin, Ecstasy, Prozac, and ephedra and to address numerous ongoing issues, including the United States' war on drugs, marijuana for therapeutic use, the overuse of drugs for children diagnosed with ADHD, and more, From Chocolate to Morphine is an invaluable resource.

This volume marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, the longest continuously running symposium in the field of psychology.
The motivational processes involved in drug abuse, the largest health problem in the United States, are the subject of eight thought-provoking essays that probe behavioral, cognitive, evolutionary, and physiological perspectives. George F. Koob discusses the implications of an allostatic view of motivation in psychopathology. Harriet de Witt considers the dual determinants of drug use in humans, reward and impulsivity, while R. D. Spealman and his research team assess the triggers of relapse in nonhuman primates. Jaak Panksepp and associates elucidate the role of emotional systems in addiction via a neuroethological perspective, while Michael T. Bardo and Linda Dwoskin describe the biological connection between novelty and drug-seeking motivational systems. Drive, incentive, and reinforcement, along with factors controlling the reinitiation of drug seeking and the environmental sources of motivation round out the remaining discussions by Roy A. Wise, Jane Stewart, and M. Vogel-Sprott.

Child sexual abuse is widespread and often an element of many other social difficulties. This book outlines a number of different ways professionals can help, particularly focusing on the role of social workers and mental health professionals. It describes how professional intervention can improve the outcome for sexually abused children and their families. It is based on extensive evidence-based research and includes summaries of the implications for practice. Funded by a grant from the Department of Health and reviewed by an expert advisory group, this book covers the child protection process and psychological treatments in a clear and accessible format.

View the Table of Contents. Read the Prologue. Tunnell has written an insightful volume that is clearly written, well organized, informative, and interesting.--Choice Pissing on Demand presents a wide-ranging and thought-provoking discussion of the contemporary erosion of civil liberties. No one can read this fine book without being infuriated and alarmed, challenged and--ultimately--enlightened. A real contribution to democratic discourse. --Philip Jenkins, author of href=http: //www.nyupress.org/product_info.php?cPath=&products_id=2533>Beyond Tolerance: Child Pornography on the Internet Offers a critical view of both the detox titans, who Tunnell sees as snake-oil purveyors, and the drug testers themselves. --The Chronicle Drug testing has become the norm in many workplaces. In order to get a job, potential employees are required to provide their urine for testing. Pissing on Demand examines this phenomenon along with the resulting rise of the anti-drug testing movement, or the detox industry, that works to beat these tests. Strategies include over-the-counter products like body flushers that sound innocent but are really designed to mask the presence of illegal drugs to kits advertised in pro-drug publications like High Times that make no bones about their real purpose. The first expose of the detox industry in all its manifestations, this book is required reading for anyone concerned with social control, privacy, and workers' rights.

How do you engage a reluctant client in discussing alcohol/drug use and build motivation for change?

Hermine L. Graham and her team of co-authors have specifically developed this treatment manual for clinicians and therapists who work with clients presenting with co-existing severe mental health and substance misuse problems.

"Cognitive-Behavioural Integrated Treatment(C-BIT)" provides a framework that is structured but flexible, assisting clinicians to initially engage with clients and collaboratively tackle alcohol and drug problems in the context of the client's mental health difficulties. The book is set out in three parts:

Part I sets the scene by outlining some of the background issues concerning co-existing substance use and mental health problems.

Part II is a step-by-step manual and will guide you through the C-BIT approach, with practical strategies on how to deliver integrated interventions appropriate to your client's stage of engagement with you.

Part III addresses some of the key issues involved in the process of implementing integrated treatment. It highlights some of the implementation obstacles that can often arise during the developmental stages, with suggested strategies to address these issues.

Each Part has supporting worksheets clearly displayed in the Appendices.

This essential resource and handbook will be invaluable for clinicians, students, researchers, managers and health purchasers/providers in mental health and substance misuse settings.

Tobacco, alcohol and gambling corporations have been highly effective in stalling, diverting and blocking public health measures. This book provides an original and engaging expose of the ethical issues faced by people and organizations when they accept industry money in ways that facilitate corporate influence with the public and with policy makers. It starts with a detailed examination of the risks of accepting such profits and what might be done to reduce them, then moves on to introduce the concept of a continuum of 'moral jeopardy' which shifts the emphasis from accept/not accept binaries to a focus on the extent to which people are willing to accept funding. This shift encourages people to think and speak more about the risks and to develop clearer positions for themselves. The content will be helpful to those working in government agencies, addiction services, community organizations or anyone interested in reducing the harms of addictive consumption.

Here is a concise, authoritative guide to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with various types of mental illness. The book equips physicians and medical students with the latest theories and practical strategies required to help patients with mental health and substance problems.

Short-listed for the North American Society for Sport History Book Award 2003Alcohol is never far from sporting events. Although popular thinking on the effects of drinking has changed considerably over time, throughout history sport and alcohol have been intimately linked. The Victorians, for example, believed that beer helped to build stamina, whereas today any serious athlete must abstain from the 'demon drink'. Yet despite current prohibitions and the widespread acceptance of alcohol's deleterious effects, the uneasy alliance of sport with alcohol remains culturally entrenched. It is common for sporting celebrities to struggle with alcoholism, and teams are often encouraged to 'bond' by drinking together. Indeed, many of today's major sporting sponsors are breweries and manufacturers of alcoholic drinks.From hooliganism to commerce, from advertising and sponsorship to health and fitness, if there is one thing that brings athletes, fans and financial backers together it must be beer. This cultural history of drinking and sport examines the roles masculinity, class and regional identity play in alcohol consumption at a broad range of matches, races, courses and competitions. Offering a fresh perspective on the culture and commerce of sporting events, this book will be essential reading for cultural historians, anthropologists and sociologists, and anyone interested in sport.

Author of AP's bestselling "Therapist's Guide to Clinical Intervention" now turns her attention to substance abuse intervention. The book will follow a similar format to her previous book, presenting information in easy to read outline form, with relevant forms, patient questionnaires, checklists, business documents, etc.
Part I discusses the social impact of substance abuse and provides a general overview of the physiological and psychological characteristics of abuse, DSM IV definition of abuse, and classifications of the varying types of drugs. Part II is the main section of the book and covers assessment, different stages of abuse/recovery, and treatment choices. Coverage includes the discussion of myriad self help choices (e.g. AA), group therapy, brief therapy, and more. Discussion will also include making a determination of treatment as inpatient or outpatient, and issues relevant to special populations (teenagers, geriatrics, comorbidity patients, etc.). Part III presents skill building resources. Part IV covers prevention, quality assurance, and also includes a glossary.
* Outlines treatment goals and objectives
* Outlines for assessing special circumstances
* Offers skill building resources to supplement treatment

""Reinventing Justice" is an indispensable book for anyone studying the drug treatment court movement. It should be required reading for lawyers, judges, treatment professionals, and others practicing in treatment courts throughout the United States. Nolan's impressive work contains fascinating ethnographic observations, which are made even more significant because they are presented to the reader alongside his skillful discussion of the historical roots, socio-political context, and likely impact of the treatment court movement on the criminal justice system of the future. From the first page to the last, this book is beautifully written, engaging, and informative."--Richard C. Boldt, University of Maryland School of Law

""In this fine book, James Nolan extends his earlier work on the growing role of therapeutic ideas in contemporary culture. Here, he examines the cultural dominance of the therapeutic idiom in current efforts to deal with the problem of drugs. Based on extensive observations of drug courts and interviews with people involved in them, he shows why these courts have become popular across the country, how they function, and what they tell us about our changing understandings of justice."--Robert Wuthnow, Princeton University

"An important, well-written work that pays sustained ethnographic attention to the newly emerging therapeutic drug court. James Nolan reports that a new concept of justice is on the rise: a kind of justice in therapeutic pursuit of the appearance of changing hearts, requiring confessions far beyond the realm of factual evidence, while delving into an inquisitorial morass of motive and self-accountability. This book adds to a still smallliterature that provides rigorous, empirical accounts of the therapeutic age. It is a significant statement about how remarkably influential this age has become."--Jonathan B. Imber, Wellesley College

""Rarely has there been an attempt to move beyond pragmatic/evaluative questions to consider the place of drug courts within criminal justice generally, or explore the theoretical underpinnings of their operation. This book by James Nolan is both welcome and timely. It will become a standard text for all readers interested in drug courts."--Philip Bean, Loughborough University

It's been forty years since Timothy Leary sat beside a swimming pool in Cuernavaca, Mexico, ingested several grams of the genus Stropharia cubensis, and experienced a dazzling display of visions that led him to herald the dawning of a New Age. And yet, from the counterculture movement of the 1960s, through the War on Drugs, to this very day, the world at large has viewed hallucinogens not as a gift but as a threat to society.

In Hallucinogens, Charles Grob surveys recent writings from such important thinkers as Terence McKenna, Huston Smith, and Andrew Weil, illustrating that a reevaluation of the social worth of hallucinogens-used intelligently-is greatly in order.

The classic American struggle between the public interest and corporate interests is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than in the decades-long struggle between the tobacco industry and advocates for public health. The failure of the "global settlement" legislation is now viewed by many public health experts as an historic missed opportunity, and in this extraordinary book, "Smoke in Their Eyes, " Michael Pertschuk brilliantly describes the forces brought to bear.

A lifelong public health leader and tobacco control advocate, Pertschuk provides uncommon insight into the movement and its opposition. Questions that reveal themselves here can be applied to public advocacy as a whole: how can movement leaders gauge and best employ popular support? Who has legitimacy to speak on behalf of a particular public cause? And perhaps most crucially, how is it possible for those whose cause is a moral one to strike political compromise? With a narrative as compelling as the issues it raises, "Smoke in Their Eyes" will be of great interest to everyone from students of public advocacy and political science to general readers.

The classic American struggle between the public interest and corporate interests is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than in the decades-long struggle between the tobacco industry and advocates for public health. The failure of the "global settlement" legislation is now viewed by many public health experts as an historic missed opportunity, and in this extraordinary book, "Smoke in Their Eyes, " Michael Pertschuk brilliantly describes the forces brought to bear.

A lifelong public health leader and tobacco control advocate, Pertschuk provides uncommon insight into the movement and its opposition. Questions that reveal themselves here can be applied to public advocacy as a whole: how can movement leaders gauge and best employ popular support? Who has legitimacy to speak on behalf of a particular public cause? And perhaps most crucially, how is it possible for those whose cause is a moral one to strike political compromise? With a narrative as compelling as the issues it raises, "Smoke in Their Eyes" will be of great interest to everyone from students of public advocacy and political science to general readers.

In a newly enlarged edition of this eye-opening book, David T. Courtwright offers an original interpretation of a puzzling chapter in American social and medical history: the dramatic change in the pattern of opiate addiction--from respectable upper-class matrons to lower-class urban males, often with a criminal record. Challenging the prevailing view that the shift resulted from harsh new laws, Courtwright shows that the crucial role was played by the medical rather than the legal profession.

"Dark Paradise" tells the story not only from the standpoint of legal and medical sources, but also from the perspective of addicts themselves. With the addition of a new introduction and two new chapters on heroin addiction and treatment since 1940, Courtwright has updated this compelling work of social history for the present crisis of the Drug War.

A clear, concise introduction to substance abuse treatment for non-specialist physicians. Provides information on the nature of addiction, brain chemistry, pharmacology, current treatment protocols, and specific populations such as women, adolescents, and the aged.

This is a no-nonsense, practical book for helping organizations rid their workplaces of drug abuse and its serious and costly consequences. The book draws upon the collective experiences of hundreds of organizations that have said "no more, not here" and have grown stronger as a result. The path to a drug-free working environment is straight but narrow. The Drug-Free Workplace:
How to Get There and Stay There delineates the path, always with a view toward avoiding missteps that can lead to trouble.
Bringing a workplace back to safety and profitability is a collaborative and multi-disciplinary effort. Participation necessarily involves professionals from security, safety, human resources, and health. Central to the effort is an enlightened management. Every specialist and manager committed to developing and maintaining a drug-free workplace will find in the pages of this book a wealth of sensible, meaningful information.
A drug-free workplace program cuts costs, increases productivity, reduces loss and wastage, avoids accidents, and literally saves careers, families, and lives. Much is at stake, making the drug-free program deserving of thoughtful deliberation, considerable planning, and careful implementation. Preliminary to the process is understanding the key tasks. All of the tasks are spelled out in this book.

Offers organizations a clear course to enact drug policiesTeaches the ramifications of testing and investigating drug use and abuseAddresses liability issues to keep buisness owners, security managers, and their companies out of court

One of the most important books written on the effects of LSD on the human psyche.

- Its authoritative research has great relevance to the current debate on drug legalization.

- Prolific authors Robert Masters and Jean Houston are pioneer figures in the field of transpersonal psychology and founders of the Human Potentials Movement.

"The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience" was published in 1966, just as the first legal restrictions on the use of psychedelic substances were being enacted. Unfortunately, the authors' pioneering work on the effects of LSD on the human psyche, which was viewed by its participants as possibly heralding a revolution in the study of the mind, was among the casualties of this interdiction. As a result, the promising results to which their studies attested were never fully explored. Nevertheless, their 15 years of research represents a sober and authoritative appraisal of what remains one of the most controversial developments in the study of the human psyche. Avoiding the wild excesses taken by both sides on this issue, this book is unique for the light it sheds on the possibilities and the limitations of psychedelic drugs, as well as on the techniques for working with them. With drug legalization an increasingly important issue, "The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience" provides a welcome and much needed contrast to the current hysteria that surrounds this topic.

Drawing on the latest findings from developmental, psychobiological, and social scientific research, DeGrandpre "criticizes America's obsession with performance and quick satisfaction and the country's reliance on Ritalin [as] a performance-enhancing drug" (Natural Health). He cautions that our society-wide rush to more, and faster, stimulation leaves children especially vulnerable to "sensory addictions." Ritalin Nation exposes the shortsightedness of mere biological explanations of ADD and offers some practical guidelines for cultivating a less-hurried existence and promoting a saner, safer community for our children.

Society's drug problem will persist, and debates over how to solve it will continue, getting nowhere, until we define our terms. This book is an effort to do just that -- to parse the legal, moral, and philosophical underpinnings for any discussion of drug policy.

Does liberal political theory, with its commitment to individual freedom, offer any guidance in the matter of drugs, particularly regarding their legal status? Do the commitments that citizens of liberal democracies make -- commitments to ideals such as rationality, equality, justice, and democratic forms of decision-making -- have implications for drug policy? These are the questions addressed in this volume, which explores the possibilities and limitations of philosophical reflection on this pressing, practical social issue.

The authors, distinguished political and legal philosophers, search out the justification of policies that manage problems of drug consumption and social disintegration, but do so in keeping with the moral and political commitments of a liberal democratic society. Their subjects range from the rationality or irrationality of drug consumption to the scope of liberty; from the proper aims of legislation to the rhetoric of the war on drugs, particularly as deployed by former "Drug Czar" William Bennett.