The book covers different aspects of the chemistry and physics of molecular materials, including organic synthesis of specific organic donors and ligands, organic metals and superconductors, molecule-based magnets, multiproperty materials and organic-inorganic hybrids. The 17 chapters are written by some of the most authoritative authors in their field. The two last chapters are devoted to molecular electronics and devices, in particular the achievements and potential for applications. An excellent work for all students and researchers in organic conductors, superconductors and molecule based magnets.

Based on courses given at the Ecole Polytechnique in France, this book covers not only the fundamental physics of semiconductors, but also discusses the operation of electronic and optical devices based on semiconductors. It is aimed at students with a good background in mathematics and physics, and is equally suited for graduate-level courses in condensed-matter physics as for self-study by engineers interested in a basic understanding of semiconductor devices.

On the the mathematical aspects of the theory of carrier transport in semiconductor devices. The subjects covered include hydrodynamical models for semiconductors based on the maximum entropy principle of extended thermodynamics, mathematical theory of drift-diffusion equations with applications, and the methods of asymptotic analysis.

This two-volume work forms a comprehensive treatise on the theory and applications of electron-diffraction techniques, and has been organized under the auspices of the Electron Diffraction Commission of the International Union of Crystallography. All those embarking on research which involves the use of electron diffraction methods, including graduate students and more experienced researchers who wish to add electron diffraction to their array of research tools will find this an invaluable reference. Volume 1 contains introductory chapters and the sections on electron diffraction which are less dependent on considerations of imaging in electron microscopes. Volume 2 deals with those aspects where there is a stronger correlation of the diffraction phenomena with the electron microscope imaging.

Bonded magnets are the fastest growing sector in the entire market for magnetic materials. Their great advantages lie in the cost effective net-shape manufacturing process allowing the achievement of complex geometries and their isotropic magnetic properties. Energy products have more than quadrupled in recent years, too. The contributors to this volume present the current and future status of bonded magnets, including total world production and distribution, the markets involved, and the status of current and future applications. Current novel processing techniques are described and new developments reported, including powder production techniques, jet casting/melt spinning, atomization and DDDR processes. The different types of bonded magnets reviewed include isotropic and anisotropic neodymium-iron-boron, nanocomposites, Sm-Fe interstitial nitrides, Sm-Co and ferrites.

A comprehensive collection of papers on theoretical aspects of electronic processes in simple and synthetic metals, superconductors, bulk and low-dimensional semiconductors under extreme conditions, such as high magnetic and electric fields, low and ultra-low temperatures. The main emphasis is on low-dimensional conductors and superconductors, where correlated electrons, interacting with magnetic or nonmagnetic impurities, phonons, photons, or nuclear spins, result in a variety of new physical phenomena, such as quantum oscillations in the superconducting state, Condon instability, Skyrmions and composite fermions in quantum Hall effect systems, and hyperfine field-induced mesoscopic and nanoscopic phenomena. Several new experimental achievements are reported that promise to delineate future trends in low temperature and high magnetic field physics, including the experimental observation of the interplay between superconductivity and nuclear spin ordering at ultra-low temperatures, new observations of Condon domains in normal metals, and an experimental proposal for the realisation of isotopically engineered, semiconductor-based spin-qubit elements for future quantum computation and communication technology.

The Poincare Seminar is held twice a year at the Institut Henri Poincare in Paris. This volume contains the lectures of the 2002 seminars. The main topic of the first one was the vacuum energy, in particular the Casimir effect and the nature of the cosmological constant. The second one concentrated on renormalization, giving a comprehensive account of its mathematical structure and applications to high energy physics, statistical mechanics and classical mechanics.
Students will find excellent introductions to the subjects with further lectures leading to the frontiers of experimental and theoretical research, scientists will profit from contributions by outstanding experts."

Mossbauer spectroscopy is uniquely able to probe hyperfine interactions by looking at the short-range order of resonant atoms. Materials containing an appropriate isotope as one of their constituent atoms, such as iron or tin, are readily investigated. But even materials that do not contain Mossbauer-active atoms can be investigated if the probe atoms are incorporated in minor quantities (ca. 0.1 at.-%) to act as molecular-level indicators.

These 35 papers collected here represent a state-of-the-art description of Mossbauer spectroscopy techniques applied to advanced materials. The topics covered comprise investigations of nanomaterials, nanoparticles, and quasicrystals, artificially structured materials as well as applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy in chemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy. The main aim of is the dissemination of information on research and recent developments of the method in materials science as obtained in leading Mossbauer laboratories. "

This book addresses the most advanced to-date mathematical approach and numerical methods in electromagnetic field theory and wave propagation. It presents the application of developed methods and techniques to the analysis of waves in various guiding structures -shielded and open metal-dielectric waveguides of arbitrary cross-section, planar and circular waveguides filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral media, anisotropic media and layered media with absorption. It also looks into spectral properties of wave propagation for the waveguide families being considered, and the relevant mathematical techniques such as spectral theory of non-self-adjoint operator-valued functions are described, including rigorous proofs of the existence of various types of waves. Further, numerical methods constructed on the basis of the presented mathematical approach and the results of numerical modeling for various structures are also described in depth. The book is beneficial to a broad spectrum of readers ranging from pure and applied mathematicians in electromagnetic field theory to researchers and engineers who are familiar with mathematics. Further, it is also useful as a supplementary text for upper-level undergraduate students interested in learning more advanced topics of mathematical methods in electromagnetics.

The contributions in this book by leading international experts in the field of electromagnetic field computation cover a wide area of contemporary research activities. They clearly underline the important role of modeling, analysis and numerical methods to provide powerful tools for the simulation of electromagnetic phenomena. The main topics range from the mathematical analysis of Maxwell's equations including its proper spatial discretizations (edge elements, boundary element methods, finite integration), and efficient iterative solution techniques (multigrid, domain decomposition) to multiscale aspects in micromagnetics. The reader will get acquainted with many facets of modern computational techniques and its applications to relevant problems in electromagnetism.

This is the first volume of a comprehensive two-volume treatise on superconductivity that represents the first such publication since the earlier work by R. Parks. It systematically reviews the basic physics and recent advances in the field. Leading researchers describe the state of the art in conventional phonon-induced superconductivity, high-Tc superconductivity, and novel superconductivity. After an introduction and historical overview, the leaders in the special fields of research give a comprehensive survey of the basics and the state of the art in chapters covering the entire field of superconductivity, including conventional and unconventional superconductors. Important new results are reported in a manner intended to stimulate further research. Numerous illustrations, diagrams and tables make this book especially useful as a reference work for students, teachers, and researchers. The second volume treats novel superconductors.

This book is an introduction to terrestrial magnetohydrodynamics. It is a compendium of introductory lectures by experts in the field, focussing on applications in industry and the laboratory. A concise overview of the subject with references to further study.

This is the first book presenting a coherent theoretical and experimental treatment of the rapidly developing field of macroscopic quantum tunneling of the magnetic moment. The theory is based on the concept of the magnetic instanton and its renormalization by the dissipative environment. The book includes discussions of the tunneling of magnetic moment in small ferromagnetic grains, tunneling of the Ne'el vector in antiferromagnetic grains, quantum nucleation of magnetic domains, and quantum depinning of domain walls. The experimental part collects the majority of recent data that are, or may be, relevant to spin tunneling. Among the topics described are low temperature magnetic relaxation and its interpretation in various systems, experiments on single particles and mesoscopic wires, and resonant spin tunneling in molecular magnets. This study of an important new field in condensed matter physics by two leading contributors to the subject will be of interest to theorists and experimentalists alike.

This second edition of a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of geophysics reflects the most recent research on the natural magnetic fields in and surrounding the Earth arising from a variety of electric currents. Readers are introduced to the instrumentation for measuring geomagnetic fields, and to the applications of these techniques. Designed for use in a semester course, the volume includes student exercises at the end of each chapter. First Edition Hb (1997): 0-521-57193-6

New Trends in Superconductivity contains up-to-date papers covering the most exciting current topics in superconductivity research. The main areas include cuprate superconductivity, covering mechanisms, pairing symmetry, pseudogap, stripes, growth and synthesis; novel superconductors, including MgB2, Sr2RuO4, borocarbides and C60-based systems; and mesoscopic superconductors and vortex matter, including vortex structure, type II superconductors, macroscopic quantum coherence and qubit devices and multilayer systems.

A useful, up-to-date reference of current research in all of these rapidly developing fields of superconductivity.

Detailed coverage of all aspects of microwave superconductivity: fundamentals, fabrication, measurement, components, circuits, cryogenic packaging and market potential. Both a graduate-level textbook and a reference for microwave engineers. Applications (with either active or passive circuit elements) include those at both liquid-helium and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Topics covered include wireless communications, space-based cryoelectronics, SQUIDs and SQUID amplifiers, NMR and MRI coils, accelerator cavities, and Josephson flux-flow devices.

An up-to-date and comprehensive review of magnetic storage systems, including particulate and rigid media, magnetic heads, tribology, signal processing spintronics, and other, future systems. A thorough theoretical discussion supplements the experimental and technical aspects. Each section commences with a tutorial paper, which is followed by technical discussions of current research in the area. Written at a level suitable for advanced graduate students.

Terahertz technology has moved on from being a useful but expensive circuit technique, applied largely in astronomy and space science, to become a subject in its own right, with important applications - terahertz imaging in particular. Indeed, the driving force in terahertz technology is currently imaging and spectroscopy. We now have the means to obtain images and chemical information in this frequency band. The images reproduced in this volume are striking and, not surprisingly, the clinical and analytical uses are the subject of intense activity. There is still, however, no complete range of active THz electronic components, but an encouraging conclusion of the book is that THz electronics will become necessary in communications systems in the foreseeable future. Terahertz technology has come of age, and the future lies open to new, exciting science and vital applications.

This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Photonic Crystals and Light Localization held at the Creta Maris Hotel in Limin Hersonissou, Crete, June 18-30, 2000. Photonic crystals offer unique ways to tailor light and the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM). In analogy to electrons in a crystal, EM waves propagating in a structure with a periodically modulated dielectric constant are organized into photonic bands, separated by gaps where propagating states are forbidden. There have been proposals for novel applications ofthese photonic band gap (PBG) crystals, with operating frequencies ranging from microwave to the optical regime, that include zero threshold lasers, low-loss resonators and cavities, and efficient microwave antennas. Spontaneous emission, suppressed for photons in the photonic band gap, offers novel approaches to manipulate the EM field and create high-efficiency light-emitting structures. Innovative ways to manipulate light can have a profound iofluence on science and technology."

A broad introduction to high Tc superconductors, their parent compounds and related novel materials, covering both fundamental questions of modern solid state physics (such as correlation effects, fluctuations, unconventional symmetry of superconducting order parameter) and applied problems related to short coherence length, grain boundaries and thin films. The information that can be derived from electron spectroscopy and optical measurements is illustrated and explained in detail. Descriptions widely employ the clear, relatively simple, phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau model of complex phenomena, such as vortex physics, vortex charge determination, plasmons in superconductors, Cooper pair mass, and wetting of surfaces. The first comprehensive reviews of several novel classes of materials are presented, including borocarbides and chain cuprates.

Electricity and Magnetism (E&M) underlies many lifesaving medical devices, such as magnetic resonance imaging scanners, neural stimulators, and heart pacemakers. But E&M also attracts its share of bogus health claims, such as biomagnetic therapy. How do you separate the good from the bad? Sometimes it's not easy: experiments are prone to artifacts, theories are limited by assumptions, and clinical trials can result in ambiguities. In this book, the author separates the wheat from the chaff, showing which applications of E&M are bogus and which are not. This book takes the reader on a tour through a range of fascinating phenomena, from effects that are constant in time at one extreme, such as transcranial direct current stimulation of the brain, to the millimeter-wave whole-body scanners which are familiar to frequent flyers at the other. Along the way, the author looks in depth at the dispute about power line magnetic fields and leukemia, a case study in what can go wrong when dubious claims inflame unjustified fears. The debate about cell phones and brain cancer still rages today, particularly for the microwave frequencies encountered with new 5G technology. Recently, the so-called Havana Syndrome has been attributed to microwave weapons, but the underlying biophysics of such weapons is unclear. For all these encounters with electricity and magnetism, the author, an eminent biophysicist, uses science and evidence to sort out fact from fantasy. This book is aimed at general readers who want to make sense of the mysterious and often controversial ways in which E&M interacts with the human body. It is also ideal for students and professionals in bioscience and health-related fields who want to learn more without getting overwhelmed by theory.

An understanding of magnetostriction is important for a range of technologically and scientifically important materials. The book covers bulk and thin film magnetostrictive materials, superconductors and oxides. The role of magnetostriction in determining or influencing the physical properties is discussed in depth and wide-ranging reference lists are provided for further study. Contributors have provided both tutorial material and discussions of leading-edge science. Readership: An invaluable reference for all condensed matter physicists, material scientists and technologists for whom bulk or thin film magnetic materials or superconductors are central to their interests.

Silicon dioxide plays a central role in most contemporary electronic and photonic technologies, from fiber optics for communications and medical applications to metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Many of these applications directly involve point defects, which can either be introduced during the manufacturing process or by exposure to ionizing radiation. They can also be deliberately created to exploit new technologies. This book provides a general description of the influence that point defects have on the global properties of the bulk material and their spectroscopic characterization through ESR and optical spectroscopy.

What is a supermaterial? A concise definition is by no means obvious, but a clue can be obtained from the topics discussed here.. In addition to superconductors, the reader will encounter magnetic effects of many kinds, including giant and even colossal ones, organic conductors, photoconductors, and even 400-year-old Japanese ceramics. Processing is a prominent pursuit in supermaterials research, especially but not exclusively of the superconductors. The papers on characterisation and theory break new ground, particularly in pursuit of new optoelectronic phenomena. The parade of new materials recently synthesised, often containing four or more elements, is surprising. But it is in it reporting of new applications that the book stands out: from circuits to sensors, supermaterials are making their impact on society.