Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Acquire an All-in-One Toolkit for Expertly Designing, Modeling, and Constructing High-Performance Fuel Cells Designing and Building Fuel Cells equips you with a hands-on guide for the design, modeling, and construction of fuel cells that perform as well or better than some of the best fuel cells on the market today. Filled with over 120 illustrations and schematics of fuel cells and components, this "one-stop" guide covers fuel cell applications...fuels and the hydrogen economy...fuel cell chemistry, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry...fuel cell modeling, materials, and system design...fuel types, delivery, and processing...fuel cell operating conditions...fuel cell characterization...and much more. Authoritative and practical, Designing and Building Fuel Cells features: Complete information on stack design The latest fuel cell modeling techniques Guidance on cutting-edge materials and components Expert accounts of fuel cell types, processing, and optimization A step-by-step example for constructing a fuel cell Inside This State-of-the-Art Fuel Cell Sourcebook Introduction * Fuel Cell Applications * Fuel Cells and the Hydrogen Economy * Basic Fuel Cell Chemistry and Thermodynamics * Fuel Cell Electrochemistry * Fuel Cell Charge Transport * Fuel Cell Mass Transport * Fuel Cell Heat Transport * Fuel Cell Modeling * Fuel Cell Materials * Fuel Cell Stack Components and Materials * Fuel Cell Stack Design * Fuel Cell System Design * Fuel Types, Delivery, and Processing * Fuel Cell Operating Conditions * Fuel Cell Characterization

Designed to complement a range of power electronics study resources, this unique lab manual helps students to gain a deep understanding of the operation, modeling, analysis, design, and performance of pulse-width modulated (PWM) DC-DC power converters. Exercises focus on three essential areas of power electronics: open-loop power stages; small-signal modeling, design of feedback loops and PWM DC-DC converter control schemes; and semiconductor devices such as silicon, silicon carbide and gallium nitride. Meeting the standards required by industrial employers, the lab manual combines programming language with a simulation tool designed for proficiency in the theoretical and practical concepts. Students and instructors can choose from an extensive list of topics involving simulations on MATLAB, SABER, or SPICE-based platforms, enabling readers to gain the most out of the prelab, inlab, and postlab activities. The laboratory exercises have been taught and continuously improved for over 25 years by Marian K. Kazimierczuk thanks to constructive student feedback and valuable suggestions on possible workroom improvements. This up-to-date and informative teaching material is now available for the benefit of a wide audience. Key features: Includes complete designs to give students a quick overview of the converters, their characteristics, and fundamental analysis of operation. Compatible with any programming tool (MATLAB, Mathematica, or Maple) and any circuit simulation tool (PSpice, LTSpice, Synopsys SABER, PLECS, etc.). Quick design section enables students and instructors to verify their design methodology for instant simulations. Presents lab exercises based on the most recent advancements in power electronics, including multiple-output power converters, modeling, current- and voltage-mode control schemes, and power semiconductor devices. Provides comprehensive appendices to aid basic understanding of the fundamental circuits, programming and simulation tools. Contains a quick component selection list of power MOSFETs and diodes together with their ratings, important specifications and Spice models.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Technologies (ICAST 2020), organized by Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. It gives an overview of recent developments in the field of fluid dynamics and thermal engineering. Some of the topics covered in this book include HVAC systems, alternative fuels, renewable energy, nano fluids, industrial advancements in energy systems, energy storage, multiphase transport and phase change, conventional and non-conventional energy theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics, numerical methods in heat transfer and fluid mechanics, different modes of heat transfer, fluid machinery, turbo machinery, and fluid power. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of fluid dynamics and thermal engineering.

Learn how to ensure optimal efficiency! Save money, resources--and guesswork--with this invaluable reference that can help you evaluate and improve transformer efficiency in electrical power systems more reliably. The author, a professional electrical system efficiency expert, clearly explains: the typical causes of poor efficiency in transformer load and no-load losses; traditional efficiency improvement methods, such as the use of larger conductors and properly sizing transformers; effective new solutions, including the use of amorphous steel and cryogenics, laser-etched silicon steel, and advanced design transformers. A diskette is included with the book containing the Environmental Protection Agency's Distribution Transformer Cost Evaluation Model (DTCEM), version 1.1. This program helps engineers perform the complex economic analyses needed to accurately determine the cost-effectiveness and emission reduction potential of high-efficiency transformers. It also provides the information necessary for facilities to weigh purchases of high-efficiency distriubtion transformers against competing resource options. Sure to be of ongoing benefit to any cost-conscious utility engineer or commercial and industrial engineer manager, this timely book plus computer program not only highlights a potentially significant savings opportunity, it also provides a sensible framework for evaluating losses and making more intelligent purchasing decisions.

Direct Energy Conversion is written for students and practicing engineers with an interest in the performance of energy conversion processes that involve direct methods of producing electric power from heat and other primary sources. It provides an in-depth development of key issues from the first principles of the underlying sciences, and examines the means available for converting heat to electricity without the intermediate generation of rotating shaft power. A physical and quantitative understanding of the limitations of a number of commercially interesting methods is developed in order to allow readers assessment of the technologies for specific applications. The list of processes considered is limited by performance measured in terms of cost, conversion efficiency, and power density. Ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate level courses in power production, energy conversion, and power systems, Direct Energy Conversion is also a natural adjunct to the author's previous text, Energy Conversion (OUP, 1994), which focuses on the thermodynamics and mechanics of heat.

Energy flow from many primary sources is not constant but depends on the season, time of day and weather conditions. Energy demand also varies with the same circumstances, but generally in reverse. Obviously there needs to be some way for energy suppliers to separate the processes of energy generation and consumption, by storing energy until it is needed. Electricity is the most flexible and convenient form of energy for transmission and use but it is not economically possible to store electrical energy in significant quantities. Secondary energy storage systems can accept energy generated by a power system, convert it to a form suitable for storage, keep it for a certain time and then convert it into the form required by the consumer when it is needed. These systems are an essential tool in managing energy supplies. This book is a comprehensive guide to the various types of secondary storage systems and an introduction to the multidisciplinary problem of choice of their types and parameters. It is chiefly aimed at students of electrical and power engineering, and design and research engineers concerned with the logistics of power supply. It will also be valuable to all those interested in the development of environmentally benign power supplies.

'Simplified Design of Micropower and Battery Circuits' provides a simplified, step-by-step approach to micropower and supply cell circuit design. No previous experience in design is required to use the techniques described, thus making the book well suited for the beginner, student, or experimenter as well as the design professional.
The book concentrates on the use of commercial micropower ICs by discussing selections of external components that modify the IC-package characteristics. The basic approach is to start design problems with approximations for trial-value components in experimental circuits, then to vary the component values until the desired results are produced. Although theory and mathematics are kept to a minimum, operation of all circuits is described in full.
EDITOR'S CHOICE - Electronics (The Maplin Magazine), May 1996
John D. Lenk has been a technical author specializing in practical electronic design and troubleshooting guides for more than 40 years. An established writer of international best-sellers in the field of electronics, Mr. Lenk is the author of more than 80 books on electronics, which together have sold well over two million copies in nine languages.
Uses commercially available micropower ICs.
No design experience required.
Minimal theory and mathematics; full circuit operation described.

A" Soul of a New Machine"for our time a gripping account of invention, commerce, and duplicity in the age of technology A worldwide race is on to perfect the next engine of economic growth, the advanced lithium-ion battery. It will power the electric car, relieve global warming, and catapult the winner into a new era of economic and political mastery. Can the United States win? Steve LeVine was granted unprecedented access to a secure federal laboratory outside Chicago, where a group of geniuses is trying to solve this next monumental task of physics and engineering. But these scientists almost all foreign born are not alone. With so much at stake, researchers in Japan, South Korea, and China are in the same pursuit. The drama intensifies when a Silicon Valley start-up licenses the federal laboratory s signature invention with the aim of a blockbuster sale to the world s biggest carmakers. "The Powerhouse"is a real-time, two-year account of big invention, big commercialization, and big deception. It exposes the layers of aspiration and disappointment, competition and ambition behind this great turning point in the history of technology."

This new revision of an instant classic presents practical solutions to the problem of energy storage on a massive scale. This problem is especially difficult for renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar power, that, currently, can only be utilized while the wind is blowing or while the sun is shining. If energy storage on a large scale were possible, this would solve many of our society's problems. For example, power grids would not go down during peak usage. Power plants that run on natural gas, for example, would no longer burn natural gas during the off-hours, as what happens now. These are just two of society's huge problems that could be solved with this new technology. This new edition includes additional discussion and new sections on energy problem including increasing population and greenhouse effects, and an expanded overview of energy storage types. Chapter two has been expanded to provide further discussion of the fundamentals of energy and new sections on elastic, electrical, chemical, and thermal energy. Two new chapters have been added that provide a discussion of electrolytes and membranes and on flexible and stretchable energy storage devices. A new section has also been added on the future of energy storage in the final chapter. This is a potentially revolutionary book insofar as technical books can be "revolutionary." The technologies that are described have their roots in basic chemistry that engineers have been practicing for years, but this is all new material that could revolutionize the energy industry. Whether the power is generated from oil, natural gas, coal, solar, wind, or any of the other emerging sources, energy storage is something that the industry must learn and practice. With the world energy demand increasing, mostly due to the industrial growth in China and India, and with the West becoming increasingly more interested in fuel efficiency and "green" endeavors, energy storage is potentially a key technology in our energy future.

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs), such as methanol and ethanol ones, are very promising advanced power systems that may considerably reduce dependence on fossil fuels and are, therefore, attracting increased attention worldwide. Nanostructured materials can improve the performance of the cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes of DAFCs. This book focuses on the most recent advances in the science and technology of nanostructured materials for direct alcohol fuel cells, including novel non-noble or low noble metal catalysts deposited on the graphene layer and metal-free doped carbon black for oxygen electroreduction reaction, Sn-based bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles for alcohol electro-oxidation reaction, and novel nanomaterials for promoting proton transfer in electrolytes. In addition, the book includes chapters from not only experimentalists but also computational chemists who have worked in the development of advanced power systems for decades. Illustrated throughout with excellent figures, this multidisciplinary work is not just a reference for researchers in chemistry and materials science, but a handy textbook for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students in nanoscience- and nanotechnology-related courses, especially those with an interest in developing novel materials for advanced power systems.

Thermal energy storage refers to a collection of technologies that store energy in the forms of heat, cold or their combination, which currently accounts for more than half of global non-pumped hydro installations. The potential market for thermal energy storage on future low-carbon energy systems and associated social and economic impacts are enormous, with significant progress having been made in recent years. Following an introduction to thermal energy and thermal energy storage, the book is organised into four parts comprising the fundamentals, materials, devices, energy storage systems and applications of thermal energy storage. Chapters cover topics including materials properties, formulation and manufacture, as well as modelling at the material and device scale. Edited by a leader in the field, and with contributions from internationally renowned authors, this title will appeal to graduate students and researchers in energy, energy storage, materials engineering, chemical and process engineering, mechanical engineering and manufacture technologies.

Gain an in-depth understanding of converter-interfaced energy storage systems with this unique text, covering modelling, dynamic behaviour, control, and stability analysis. Providing comprehensive coverage, it demonstrates the technical and economic aspects of energy storage systems, and provides a thorough overview of energy storage technologies. Several different modelling techniques are presented, including power system models, voltage-sourced converter models, and energy storage system models. Using a novel stochastic control approach developed by the authors, you will learn about the impact of energy storage on the dynamic interaction of microgrids with distribution and transmission systems. Compare the numerous real-world simulation data and numerical examples provided with your own models and control strategies. Accompanied online by a wealth of numerical examples and supporting data, this is the ideal text for graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals working in power system dynamics, renewable energy integration, and smart grid development.

This research aims to make an original and advanced contribution to state-of-the-art sky models. It focuses on high-resolution sky radiance and luminance models given their essential importance in a host of scientific and engineering applications. For example, improved sky radience and luminance models can be used to improve the design and operation of energy-efficient and sustainable buildings. All these applications require high-fidelity information on spatial and temporal distribution of solar irradiance and illuminance on building surfaces. The empirical basis for related decision-making processes is, however, rather limited: Available measured data a collected by typical weather stations a is typically restricted to global horizontal irradiance. Few research-class climatic monitoring stations also record the diffuse component of solar irradiance. This research will therefore examine a number of such models in detail and explore both improvement possibilities of existing models and the potential for alternative modeling approaches in future developments. Specifically, this research aims at developing accurate high-resolution sky radiance and sky luminance models for the city of Vienna. In order to generate sky radiance maps, the diffuse radiation component of the global horizontal irradiance should be typically derived based on proper diffuse fraction models. Accordingly, this research starts with an attempt to improve the existing diffuse fraction models. When both diffuse and direct horizontal irradiance data are available, the existing models intended for the sky radiance generation can be comprehensively evaluated and further developed to arrive at a more reliable locally verified sky radiance distribution model. In addition to sky radiance distribution maps, which greatly support the design of buildings' solar energy systems, sky luminance maps are needed to support the design of buildings' daylighting systems. However, to generate sky luminance maps from sky radiance maps, appropriate luminous efficacy information is required, which is not available from typical weather stations. Therefore, this research shall also explore methods with various degrees of resolution to derive illuminance data based on more broadly available global irradiance data. Solid high-resolution empirical data is needed not only to evaluate the existing models, but also to develop and validate new models. For this purpose, I will deploy our existing monitoring facility to systematically collect both typical weather station data and additional information concerning the diffuse component of the global horizontal irradiance, global horizontal illuminance, vertical irradiance, as well as detailed sky luminance and radiance distributions.

This book develops a novel and simple, yet rigorous methodology that, by means of basic techniques and tools available to any engineer, enables the study of solar concentrator performance parameter scattering on the control of the solar field outlet temperature. Several simulations are performed considering a realistic solar field comprised of a large set of solar collectors with slight differences in performance. Sets of scattered parameter distributions are randomly assigned to the collectors in the solar field. Sensitivity analysis of solar field behavior is then performed in terms of the distribution of the performance parameters of the solar collectors, followed by a comparison between different configurations of the solar field according to the number of subfields. The latter is of great interest in order to evaluate the effect of a subfield number on the ability of the solar fields operator to control the temperature of the solar field when a flow control valve is not available in each loop. As a special feature, this book proposes a new model for characterizing the energetic behavior of grid connected PV inverters. The model has been obtained from a detailed study of the main loss processes in small size PV inverters in the market. The main advantage of the used method is to obtain a model that comprises two antagonistic features, since both are simple, easy to compute and apply, and accurate. One of the main features of this model is how it handles the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and its efficiency: Concerning both parts, the model uses the same approach and is achieved by two resistive elements which simulate the losses inherent to each parameter. This makes this model easy to implement, compact and refine. The model presented here also includes other parameters, such as the start threshold, standby consumption and islanding behavior. As an example, the model has been implemented in the PSPICE electronic simulator, and this approach has been used to teach grid-connected PV systems. The use of this model for the maintenance of working PV facilities is also shown.

The last two decades have seen unprecedented research progress made in the fabrication and testing of organic solar cell (OSC) devices due to, among other things, rapid growth of interest in the development of organic materials for photovoltaic applications, the ease of processing, and the prospect of achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) cost effectively. The effects of impurity doping at the ppm level in photovoltaic organic semiconductors, including: (i) Seven-nines purification of organic semiconductors, (ii) pn-control of single and co-deposited organic semiconductors by impurity doping, (iii) ionisation sensitisation of doping showing the doping efficiency of 100%, (iv) ppm-doping effects in the simplest n+p-homojunction organic photovoltaic cells, and (v) the Hall effect of bulk-doped organic single crystals, are discussed in Chapter One. In Chapter Two the fabrication and characterisation of perovskite-type solar cells are reviewed and summarised such as CH3NH3PbI3, [HC(NH2)2]PbI3, and CsSnI3, which are expected for solar cell materials. Chapter Three proposes an experimental method to tailor SDE and optimise the power conversion efficiency (PCE), based on the electrical transport curve. Chapter Four provides a brief history of organic photovoltaic cell devices, factors limiting stability and power conversion efficiency, fundamental parameters that have been reported to improve the general performance of the devices, and recent developments in organic solar cell devices.

Unlike natural gas or fuel oil, electricity cannot be easily stored. However, interest in electric power storage (EPS) has been growing with technological advancements that can make storage a more practical means of integrating renewable power into the electricity grid and achieving other operating benefits. The book summarises the technical, regulatory, and policy issues that surround implementation of EPS.

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), employing liquid methanol as a fuel, offer an attractive option in portable devices due to their simplicity in the system structure (easy storage and supply), no need for fuel reforming or humidification. For obtaining a higher power density, the membranes that show high proton conductivity, and at the same time, low methanol permeability are strongly desired. However, there is achieved only a little progress because of trade-off relations between these parameters. Also the membrane stability, particular to hydrolytic and chemical stability is recognised as a key factor that affects fuel cell performances. In the authors' recent work, they have been working on the design and the development of new families of cost-effective, readily prepared proton-conducting membranes based on chemically cross-linked PVA-PAMPS [poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)] composites. The authors have first introduced new concepts of secondary polymer chains such as "binary chemical cross-linking" or "hydrophobiciser" and the "stabiliser"effect. Also, the authors have established a new concept of PVA-PAMPS based semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) by incorporating plasticizer variants R (R = poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDE), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDCE)) and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(carboxymethyl)ether (PEGBCME) as the third components. Incorporation of the above concepts promoted not only the high proton conductivity , flexibility with low methanol permeability (1/3 - 1/2 of Nafion 117 membrane), but also the excellent hydrolytic and the oxidative stability of PVA-PAMPS composites. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated with PVA-PAMPS composites has been successfully established, which showed the similar open circuit voltage (OCV) to that of Nafion 115, and a power density 52 mW cm-2 at 80oC. A striking feature of the long-term test was that no appreciable decay of the current density was observed during the whole operation time longer than 130 hours at 50oC, and so was the power density. This book is the first time that such long-term operation of DMFC was reported since PVA-PAMPS composite are all hydrocarbon membranes made simply of aliphatic skeletons. They are very different from the perfluorosulfonic membranes such as Nafion, or other reported membranes with aromatic skeletons. Therefore this affords the PVA-PAMPS composites unique structure compared to most of the proposed membranes, which suggests the good candidacy of PVA-PAMPS composites when they are intended for use in low temperature DMFCs.

In this book the authors assess the technology for fuel cells in terms of processes and basic science, materials, applications and infrastructure. Each section is devoted to a particular type of fuel cell technology covering all the aspects of processes, materials, application, technology, challenges and present trends.

This book presents the principle of operation, materials used and possible applications of third generation solar cells that are under investigation and have been not commercialized on a large scale yet. The third generation photovoltaic devices include promising emerging technologies such as: organic, dye sensitized, perovskite and quantum dot sensitized photocells. This book introduces the reader to the basics of third generation photovoltaics and presents in an accessible way phenomena and a diversity of materials used. In this book one will find the description of the working principle of new promising solar technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, prospect applications and preliminary analysis of their impact on the environment. The fundamentals of traditional solar cell operation are also included in the book facilitating understanding of new ideas. This book is ideal reading for everyone who is interested in novel solutions in photovoltaics as well as applications of nanotechnology, photochemistry and materials research.

The battery management system (BMS) optimizes the efficiency of batteries under allowable conditions and prevents serious failure modes. This book focuses on critical BMS techniques, such as battery modeling; estimation methods for state of charge, state of power and state of health; battery charging strategies; active and passive balancing methods; and thermal management strategies during the entire lifecycle. It also introduces functional safety and security-related design for BMS, and discusses potential future technologies, like digital twin technology.

Thermoelectric materials have received a great deal of attention in energy-harvesting and cooling applications, primarily due to their intrinsic low cost, energy efficient and eco-friendly nature. The past decade has witnessed heretofore-unseen advances in organic-based thermoelectric materials and devices. This title summarises the significant progress that has been made in the molecular design, physical characterization, and performance optimization of organic thermoelectric materials, focusing on effective routes to minimize thermal conductivity and maximize power factor. Featuring a series of state-of-the-art strategies for enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of organic thermoelectricity, and highlighting cutting-edge concepts to promote the performance of organic thermoelectricity, chapters will strengthen the exploration of new high-ZT thermoelectric materials and their potential applications. With contributions from leading worldwide authors, Organic Thermoelectric Materials will appeal to graduate students as well as academic and industrial researchers across chemistry, materials science, physics and engineering interested in the materials and their applications.

Expanding on the first edition, 'Energy: Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling (2nd Ed.)' provides readers with a practical understanding of the major aspects of energy. It includes extended chapters with revised data and additional practice problems as well as a new chapter examining sustainability and sustainable energy technologies. Like the first edition, it also explores topics such as energy production, conservation of energy, energy storage and energy coupling. Written for students across a range of engineering and science disciplines, it provides a comprehensive study guide. It is particularly suitable for courses in energy technology, sustainable energy technologies and energy conversion & management, and offers an ideal reference text for students, engineers, energy researchers and industry professionals. * Presents a clear introduction to the basic properties, forms and sources of energy * Includes a range of supporting figures, tables and thermodynamic diagrams * Provides course instructors with a solution manual for practice problems