Inorganic 2D nanomaterials, or inorganic graphene analogues, are gaining great attention due to their unique properties and potential energy applications. They contain ultrathin nanosheet morphology with one-dimensional confinement, but unlike pure carbon graphene, inorganic two-dimensional nanomaterials have a more abundant elemental composition and can form different crystallographic structures. These properties contribute to their unique chemical reaction activity, tunable physical properties and facilitate applications in the field of energy conversion and storage. Inorganic Two-dimensional Nanomaterials details the development of the nanostructures from computational simulation and theoretical understanding to their synthesis and characterization. Individual chapters then cover different applications of the materials as electrocatalysts, flexible supercapicitors, flexible lithium ion batteries and thermoelectrical devices. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the field for researchers working in the areas of materials chemistry, physics, energy and catalysis.

Polymer solar cells have gained much attention as they offer a potentially economic and viable way of commercially manufacturing lightweight, flexible and low-cost photovoltaics. With contributions from leading scientists, Polymer Photovoltaics provides an international perspective on the latest research for this rapidly expanding field. The book starts with an Introduction to polymer solar cells and covers several important topics that govern their photovoltaic properties including the chemistry and the design of new light harvesting and interfacial materials and their structure-property relationship; the physics for photocurrent generation in the polymer solar cells; new characterization tools to study morphology effect on the property of donor/acceptor bulk heterojunctions; new device concepts such as tandem cells and semi-transparent cells and advanced roll-to-roll processes for large-scale manufacturing of polymer solar cells. Written by active researchers, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in polymer solar cell technology for both researchers and students that are interested in this field.

The worldwide fusion community continues its research efforts on magnetic confinement as the most promising, long-term, environmentally-friendly power source. Despite the ongoing fusion research efforts in many countries, the technology and materials-related challenges remain formidable and will hinder and delay the first fusion demonstration plant for decades. In this book, the current understanding of technology-related challenges facing fusion research are explored. Advances in fusion neutronics integral experiments in the benchmark mock assemblies for the blanket of a fusion-fission hybrid energy reactor are also described in brief. Cold Fusion (CF) is examined as well, with the authors' argument backed by evidence that cold fusion (CF) can become more understandable, and hence more enable to engineering, especially control engineering. The final chapter details the Force Free Helical Reactor (FFHR) and its implications on fusion power

Federal energy policy since the 1970s has focused primarily on ensuring a secure supply of energy while protecting the environment. The federal government supports and intervenes in U.S. energy production and consumption in various ways, such as providing tax incentives, grants, and other support to promote domestic production of energy, as well as setting standards and requirements. This book provides information on U.S. production and consumption of fossil, nuclear, and renewable energy from 2000 through 2013 and major factors, including federal activities, that influenced energy production and consumption levels. It also provides information on other federal activities that may have influenced aspects of U.S. energy production and consumption from 2000 through 2013 but were not targeted at a specific energy source, as well as information on federal research and development.

The electrochemical storage of energy has become essential in assisting the development of electrical transport and use of renewable energies. French researchers have played a key role in this domain but Asia is currently the market leader. Not wanting to see history repeat itself, France created the research network on electrochemical energy storage (RS2E) in 2011. This book discusses the launch of RS2E, its stakeholders, objectives, and integrated structure that assures a continuum between basic research, technological research and industries. Here, the authors will cover the technological advances as well as the challenges that must still be resolved in the field of electrochemical storage, taking into account sustainable development and the limited time available to us.

This book covers power electronics, in depth, by presenting the basic principles and application details, which can be used both as a textbook and reference book.

- Introduces a new method to present power electronics converters called Power Blocks Geometry (PBG)- Applicable for courses focusing on power electronics, power electronics converters, and advanced power converters- Offers a comprehensive set of simulation results to help understand the circuits presented throughout the book

Recent events have renewed long-standing congressional interest in safe management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and other high level nuclear waste. These issues have been examined and debated for decades, sometimes renewed by world events like the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The incident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactor complex in Japan, combined with the termination of the Yucca Mountain geologic repository project, have contributed to the increased interest. This book focuses on the current situation with spent nuclear fuel storage in the United States. It addresses the SNF storage situation, primarily at current and former reactor facilities and former reactor sites for the potentially foreseeable future. Although no nation has yet established a permanent disposal repository for SNF and other forms of high-level radioactive waste, there is broad consensus that a geological repository is the preferred method for these wastes.

An expanding array of state-of-the-art and emerging technologies are opening new opportunities to improve and/or to reduce the costs to generate, deliver and use electricity. One of these technologies is modular electricity storage (MES). In this book, the specific utility application addressed is the use of MES to reduce the cost of electricity delivery by reducing the cost of electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) equipment. Specifically, MES would be used to defer expensive improvements or capacity additions to T&D equipment by providing modular capacity additions as needed.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Supercharge your understanding of battery technologyIdeal for hobbyists and engineers alike, The TAB Battery Book: An In-Depth Guide to Construction Design and Use offers comprehensive coverage of these portable energy powerhouses. This practical guide discusses battery chemistry and engineering, how batteries are used, and the history of batteries. You'll find out how different types of batteries work and how to select the right battery for any application. The book also examines the technological advances being used to develop batteries as robust energy sources for a wide variety of devices. Tap into the power of all kinds of batteries with help from this detailed resource. Coverage includes: Portable energy and long-term energy storage Batteries for portable consumer demands, medical devices, electric vehicles, large-scale electrical energy storage, and space and military applications Basic physics and chemistry The science of batteries--cells, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, and capacity Battery engineering designs, including electrode, seal, and vent design Battery performance, reliability, and safety Primary battery technologies--aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, including alkaline and lithium Rechargeable batteries, including nickel-metal hydride and lithium ion Selecting the right battery for any application Future technologies, such as thin-film, large-energy storage, and high-energy density batteries Make Great Stuff! TAB, an imprint of McGraw-Hill Professional, is a leading publisher of DIY technology books for makers, hackers, and electronics hobbyists.

The only book available on fuel cell modeling and control with distributed power generation applications

The emerging fuel cell (FC) technology is growing rapidly in its applications from small-scale portable electronics to large-scale power generation. This book gives students, engineers, and scientists a solid understanding of the FC dynamic modeling and controller design to adapt FCs to particular applications in distributed power generation.

The book begins with a fascinating introduction to the subject, including a brief history of the U.S. electric utility formation and restructuring. Next, it provides coverage of power deregulation and distributed generation (DG), DG types, fuel cell DGs, and the hydrogen economy. Building on that foundation, it covers:

Principle operations of fuel cells

Dynamic modeling and simulation of PEM and solid-oxide fuel cells

Principle operations and modeling of electrolyzers

Power electronic interfacing circuits for fuel cell applications

Control of grid-connected and stand-alone fuel cell power generation systems

Hybrid fuel cell-based energy system case studies

Present challenges and the future of fuel cells

MATLAB/SIMULINK-based models and their applications are available via a companion Web site. Modeling and Control of Fuel Cells is an excellent reference book for students and professionals in electrical, chemical, and mechanical engineering and scientists working in the FC area.

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), employing liquid methanol as a fuel, offer an attractive option in portable devices due to their simplicity in the system structure (easy storage and supply), no need for fuel reforming or humidification. For obtaining a higher power density, the membranes that show high proton conductivity, and at the same time, low methanol permeability are strongly desired. However, there is achieved only a little progress because of trade-off relations between these parameters. Also the membrane stability, particular to hydrolytic and chemical stability is recognised as a key factor that affects fuel cell performances. In the authors' recent work, they have been working on the design and the development of new families of cost-effective, readily prepared proton-conducting membranes based on chemically cross-linked PVA-PAMPS [poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)] composites. The authors have first introduced new concepts of secondary polymer chains such as "binary chemical cross-linking" or "hydrophobiciser" and the "stabiliser"effect. Also, the authors have established a new concept of PVA-PAMPS based semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) by incorporating plasticizer variants R (R = poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDE), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDCE)) and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(carboxymethyl)ether (PEGBCME) as the third components. Incorporation of the above concepts promoted not only the high proton conductivity , flexibility with low methanol permeability (1/3 - 1/2 of Nafion 117 membrane), but also the excellent hydrolytic and the oxidative stability of PVA-PAMPS composites. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated with PVA-PAMPS composites has been successfully established, which showed the similar open circuit voltage (OCV) to that of Nafion 115, and a power density 52 mW cm-2 at 80oC. A striking feature of the long-term test was that no appreciable decay of the current density was observed during the whole operation time longer than 130 hours at 50oC, and so was the power density. This book is the first time that such long-term operation of DMFC was reported since PVA-PAMPS composite are all hydrocarbon membranes made simply of aliphatic skeletons. They are very different from the perfluorosulfonic membranes such as Nafion, or other reported membranes with aromatic skeletons. Therefore this affords the PVA-PAMPS composites unique structure compared to most of the proposed membranes, which suggests the good candidacy of PVA-PAMPS composites when they are intended for use in low temperature DMFCs.

The theory, design, construction, and operation of microbial fuel cells
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), devices in which bacteria create electrical power by oxidizing simple compounds such as glucose or complex organic matter in wastewater, represent a new and promising approach for generating power. Not only do MFCs clean wastewater, but they also convert organics in these wastewaters into usable energy. Given the world's limited supply of fossil fuels and fossil fuels' impact on climate change, MFC technology's ability to create renewable, carbon-neutral energy has generated tremendous interest around the world.
This timely book is the first dedicated to MFCs. It not only serves as an introduction to the theory underlying the development and functioning of MFCs, it also serves as a manual for ongoing research. In addition, author Bruce Logan, a leading pioneer in MFC research and development, provides practical guidance for the effective design and operation of MFCs based on his own firsthand experience.
This reference covers everything you need to fully understand MFCs, including:
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Key topics such as voltage and power generation, MFC materials and architecture, mass transfer to bacteria and biofilms, bioreactor design, and fundamentals of electron transfer
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Applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches for using MFCs for wastewater treatment
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The role of MFCs in the climate change debate
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Detailed illustrations of bacterial and electrochemical concepts
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Charts, graphs, and tables summarizing key design and operation variables
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Practice problems and step-by-step examples
Microbial Fuel Cells, with its easy-to-follow explanations, is recommended as both a textbook for students and professionals interested in entering the field and as a complete reference for more experienced practitioners.

This is a text book presenting the fundamentals of thermophotovoltaic(TPV) energy conversion suitable for an upper undergraduate or first year graduate course. In addition it can serve as a reference or design aid for engineers developing TPV systems. Mathematica design programs for interference filters and a planar TPV system are included on a CD-Rom disk. Each chapter includes a summary and concludes with a set of problems.
The first chapter presents the electromagnetic theory and radiation transfer theory necessary to calculate the optical properties of the components in a TPV optical cavity. Using a simplified model, Chapter 2 develops expressions for the maximum efficiency and power density for an ideal TPV system. The next three chapters consider the three major components in a TPV system; the emitter, filter and photovoltaic(PV) array. Chapter 3 applies the electromagnetic theory and radiation transfer theory presented in Chapter 1 in the calculation of spectral emittance. From the spectral emittance the emitter efficiency is calculated. Chapter 4 discusses interference, plasma and resonant array filters plus an interference filter with an imbedded metallic layer, a combined interference-plasma filter and spectral control using a back surface reflector(BSR) on the PV array. The theory necessary to calculate the optical properties of these filters is presented. Chapter 5 presents the fundamentals of semiconductor PV cells. Using transport equations calculation of the current-voltage relation for a PV cell is carried out. Quantum efficiency, spectral response and the electrical equivalent circuit for a PV cell are introduced so that the PV cell efficiency and power output can be calculated.
The final three chapters of the book consider the combination of the emitter, filter and PV array that make up the optical cavity of a TPV system. Chapter 6 applies radiation transfer theory to calculate the cavity efficiency of planar and cylindrical optical cavities. Also introduced in Chapter 6 are the overall TPV efficiency, thermal efficiency and PV efficiency. Leakage of radiation out of the optical cavity results in a significant loss in TPV efficiency. Chapter 7 considers that topic. The final chapter presents a model for a planar TPV system.
Six appendices present background information necessary to carry out theoretical developments in the text. Two of the appendices include Mathematica programs for the spectral optical properties of multi-layer interference filters and a planar TPV system. These programs are contained on a CD-Rom disk included with the book.
. First text written on thermophotovoltaic(TPV) energy conversion
. Includes all the necessary theory to calculate TPV system performance
. Author has been doing TPV energy conversion research since 1980's
. Emphasizes the fundamentals of TPV energy conversion
. Includes a summary and problem set at the end of each chapter
. Mathematica programs for calculating optical properties of interference filters and planar TPV system performance included on CD-Rom"

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Proven Strategies and Solutions for Reducing Energy Consumption Property and facility managers can turn to Energy-Efficient Building Systems as a one-stop guide to operating and maintaining commercial building systems at peak efficiency. Designed to help reduce energy costs and meet environmental standards, this state-of-the-art productivity tool contains fully illustrated, real-world examples of successful green building projects that have achieved significant, energy-saving results. From energy management and auditing, HVAC systems, cooling towers, and pumping systems...to lighting, electrical systems, automation, and building envelope, this expert resource takes readers step by step through procedures for getting optimal performance from every building system. For each system, the book presents the latest methods for improving efficiency...identifying promising new solutions...evaluating their feasibility...and estimating actual savings. Comprehensive and authoritative, Energy-Efficient Building Systems enables building professionals to: Get an in-depth understanding of the principles of each building system Select the most efficient systems for any nonresidential building Maximize energy efficiency with practical strategies and solutions Utilize hands-on methods for evaluating feasibility and estimating savings Review real-world examples of successful green building projectsInside This Cost-Saving Energy Guide * Energy Management and Energy Auditing * Air-Conditioning and Central Chiller Systems * Boilers and Heating Systems * Pumping Systems * Cooling Towers * Air Handling and Distribution Systems * Lighting Systems * Building Electrical Systems * Building Automation Systems * Building Envelope

This second edition updates what has become a standard reference on transformer design and applications, and now includes a selection of computer solutions to many transformer circuit problems. Every chapter reflects the latest technology advances - and the section on inverter transformers has been expanded to cover more fully the increasingly important subject of power supplies.

PWM DC-DC power converter technology underpins many energy conversion systems including renewable energy circuits, active power factor correctors, battery chargers, portable devices and LED drivers. Following the success of Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters this second edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded to cover the latest challenges and advances in the field. Key features of 2nd edition: * Four new chapters, detailing the latest advances in power conversion, focus on: small-signal model and dynamic characteristics of the buck converter in continuous conduction mode; voltage-mode control of buck converter; small-signal model and characteristics of the boost converter in the discontinuous conduction mode and electromagnetic compatibility EMC. * Provides readers with a solid understanding of the principles of operation, synthesis, analysis and design of PWM power converters and semiconductor power devices, including wide band-gap power devices (SiC and GaN). * Fully revised Solutions for all end-of-chapter problems available to instructors via the book companion website. * Step-by-step derivation of closed-form design equations with illustrations. * Fully revised figures based on real data. With improved end-of-chapter summaries of key concepts, review questions, problems and answers, biographies and case studies, this is an essential textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in electrical engineering. Its superior readability and clarity of explanations also makes it a key reference for practicing engineers and research scientists.

Metal-air and metal-sulfur batteries (MABs/MSBs) represent one of the most efficient-energy storage technologies, with high round trip efficiency, a long life cycle, fast response at peak demand/supply of electricity, and decreased weight due to the use of atmospheric oxygen as one of the main reactants. This book presents an overview of the main MABs/MSBs from fundamentals to applications. Recent technological trends in their development are reviewed. It also offers a detailed analysis of these batteries at the material, component, and system levels, allowing the reader to evaluate the different approaches of their integration. The book provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Each chapter focuses on a particular battery type including zinc-air batteries, lithium-air batteries, aluminum-air batteries, magnesium-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and vanadium-air redox flow batteries, and metal-sulfur batteries. Features the most recent advances made in metal-air/metal-sulfur batteries. Describes cutting-edge materials and technology for metal-air/metal-sulfur batteries. Includes both fundamentals and applications, which can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technology development for metal-air/metal-sulfur batteries. Provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Covers a variety of battery types in depth, such as zinc-air batteries, lithium-air batteries, aluminum-air batteries, magnesium-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, vanadium-air redox flow batteries, and metal-sulfur batteries.

Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies covers the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The book was created by participants of the International Conference on Electrochemical Materials and Technologies for Clean Sustainable Energy (ICES-2013) held in Guangzhou, China, and incorporates select papers presented at the conference. More than 300 attendees from across the globe participated in ICES-2013 and gave presentations in six major themes: Fuel cells and hydrogen energy Lithium batteries and advanced secondary batteries Green energy for a clean environment Photo-Electrocatalysis Supercapacitors Electrochemical clean energy applications and markets Comprised of eight sections, this book includes 25 chapters featuring highlights from the conference and covering every facet of synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of the advanced materials for electrochemical energy. It thoroughly describes electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies such as batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, and their associated materials. The book contains a number of topics that include electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms. It also addresses challenges related to cost and performance, provides varying perspectives, and emphasizes existing and emerging solutions. The result of a conference encouraging enhanced research collaboration among members of the electrochemical energy community, Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies is dedicated to the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage and details the technologies, current achievements, and future directions in the field.

When the size and the shape of materials are reduced to the nanoscale dimension, their physical and chemical properties can change dramatically. This book demonstrates the controlled size and shape of nanostructured materials and their applications. The applications cover photocatalysts, biomedicals, nanomaterials, fuel cells and supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, light-emitting diodes, and field emission display. This book may be the first to clearly point out the relationship between the size and the structure of the materials, which strongly affects their properties. Understanding these control parameters has important technological implications for energy conversion and storage, biotechnology, lighting and display, and so forth.

This book summarizes achievements and technology of China's underground gas storage in the past 20 years based on years of experience and technology accumulated in the construction and operation of gas storages. It also analyses and projects the future construction of underground gas storages in China Readers can systematically understand the construction status of China's underground gas storages, the difficulties encountered and the process and solution to such difficulties. It provides important theoretical and technical guidance for both in China and the world. Features of this book are listed as 1. Understand the development history, construction status, development trend of the underground gas storages around the world with countries and regions listed as case studies. 2. Understand the market demand of China's underground gas storages and resource distribution. 3. Understand the underground gas storages already built in China. 4. Understand the integrity management and risk control of the gas storages in China. 5. Understand the operation and management mode of gas storage. The target audience are those engaging in the research and technical management of the underground gas storage. It's a valuable reference for both reseachers and college students as well in the fields of underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and helium (He), Power to Gas energy accumulation.