This book explores the use of nanomaterials as diesel fuel additives. It extensively reviews the diesel engine characteristics and the most frequently used nanomaterials and nanofuels and discusses the practical issues regarding the viability of nanomaterials as fuel additives from technical, environmental, and human health viewpoints. Special attention is focused on questions related to the short-term use of nanomaterials in diesel engines, such as: * What are the most important nanomaterial activities in diesel engines? * What happens to nanomaterials at various stages, from the fuel tank to exhaust? * What are the effects of nanofuel usage on diesel engine characteristics? and * What are the effects of nanomaterials on diesel engine parts and systems? Given its scope, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in environmental science, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering fields, as well as for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.

This book presents fundamental theories, design and testing methodologies, and engineering applications concerning spacecraft thermal control systems, helping readers gain a comprehensive understanding of spacecraft thermal control systems and technologies. With abundant design methods, advanced technologies and typical applications to help them grasp the basic concepts and principles of engineering applications, it is mainly intended for engineering and technical staff engaged in spacecraft thermal control areas. The book discusses the thermal environments commonly used for space flight missions, rules and regulations for system design, thermal analysis and simulation, and thermal testing methods, as well as the design and validation of the thermal control systems for Chinese spacecraft, such as the Shenzhou spacecraft and Chang'e Lunar Lander and Rover. It also introduces them to communication and remote sensing satellites and presents advanced thermal control technologies developed in recent years, including heat transfer, heat insulation, heating, refrigeration and thermal sensor technologies. Addressing the design and validation of thermal control systems for various types of Chinese spacecraft, the book offers a valuable theoretical and practical reference guide for researchers and engineers alike.

This book examines a broad range of advances in hydrogen energy and alternative fuel developments and their role in the energy transition. The respective contributions were presented at the International Symposium on Sustainable Hydrogen, held in Algiers, Algeria on November 27-28, 2019. The transition from non-renewable polluting energy to sustainable green energy requires not only new energy sources but also new storage techniques and smart energy management. This situation has sparked renewed interest in hydrogen and alternative fuels, as they could help meet these needs. Indeed, hydrogen can not only be used as a clean energy vector or as an alternative fuel, but also as a storage medium or as an intermediary that enables improved energy management. This text offers a valuable reference guide for those working in the professional energy sector, as well as for students and instructors in academia who want to learn about the state of the art and future directions in the fields of hydrogen energy, alternative fuels and sustainable energy development.

In this book, the authors cover the recent progress in the synthesis, characterization and application of various multi-layered carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides. Moreover, the processing and development of MXene-based composites are elaborated, focusing on their applications and performances as transparent conductors in environmental remediation and energy storage systems.

Lithium-ion batteries are an established technology with recent large-scale batteries finding emerging markets for electric vehicles and household energy storage. Battery research during the past two decades has focussed on practical improvements to available batteries, such as cell design to enhance energy density, which are currently nearing their maximum potential. We must now consider alternative avenues of research in pursuit of a new breakthrough in this technology. This book collects authoritative perspectives from leading researchers to project the emerging opportunities in the field of lithium-ion batteries. Covering topics including anode and cathode materials, electrolytes, emerging markets and the challenges and opportunities of lithium-ion battery supply, it will provide researchers with cutting-edge leads to advance the next generation of materials. Edited by a pioneer in the field, and with contributions from experts from across the globe, this book will be of use to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry interested in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage.

This book presents nanomaterials as predicted by computational modelling and numerical simulation tools, and confirmed by modern experimental techniques. It begins by summarizing basic theoretical methods, then giving both a theoretical and experimental treatment of how alkali metal clusters develop into nanostructures, as influenced by the cluster's "magic number" of atoms. The book continues with a discussion of atomic clusters and nanostructures, focusing primarily on boron and carbon, exploring, in detail, the one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures of boron and carbon, and describing their myriad potential applications in nanotechnology, from nanocoating and nanosensing to nanobatteries with high borophene capacity. The broad discussion of computational modelling as well as the specific applications to boron and carbon, make this book an essential reference resource for materials scientists in this field of research.

This book comprehensively discusses the basic principles and working mechanism of all kind of batteries towards clean energy storage devices. In addition, it focuses on the synthesis of various electrode materials with 1D architecture via electrospinning technique. This book will give a clear idea about recent synthetic strategy towards nanofibers and nanocomposites for alkali-ion storage applications. The reader could understand the formation mechanism of nanofibers and their potential application in the future energy storage system.

The proliferation of electric communication and power networks have drawn wires through American landscapes like vines through untended gardens since 1844. But these wire networks are more than merely the tools and infrastructure required to send electric messages and power between distinct places; the iconic lines themselves send powerful messages. The wiry webs above our heads and the towers rhythmically striding along the horizon symbolize the ambiguous effects of widespread industrialization and the shifting values of electricity and landscape in the American mind.  In Power-Lined Daniel L. Wuebben weaves together personal narrative, historical research, cultural analysis, and social science to provide a sweeping investigation of the varied influence of overhead wires on the American landscape and the American mind. Wuebben shows that overhead wires—from Morse’s telegraph to our high-voltage grid—not only carry electricity between American places but also create electrified spaces that signify and complicate notions of technology, nature, progress, and, most recently, renewable energy infrastructure. Power-Lined exposes the subtle influences wrought by the wiring of the nation and shows that, even in this age of wireless devices, perceptions of overhead lines may be key in progressing toward a more sustainable energy future.     

This book covers the performance aspects of nanocomposite supercapacitor materials based on transition metal oxides, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene and conducting polymers. It compares the performance of simple electrode materials versus binary and ternary composites, while highlighting the advantages and challenges of different supercapacitor electrode materials. This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors, ranging from their general characteristics and performance to materials selection, design and construction. Covering both fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course covering supercapacitors.

This textbook is the first of its kind to comprehensively describe the energy Internet, a vast network that efficiently supplies electricity to anyone anywhere and is an internet based wide area network for information and energy fusion. The chapters are organized into five parts: Architecture and Design, Energy Switching and Routing, Information and Communication, Energy Management Systems and Energy Market and Trading, and capture the spectrum of this exponential transformation, while also presenting the plethora of open problems that this transformation poses for researchers from mixed academic backgrounds. The scope includes key technologies on distributed energy sources, microgrids, energy storage, solar and wind energy, power grid, smart grid, power quality, power electronics, data centers, distributed computing and networking, cloud computing and big data, and software-defined networking. The book presents the basic principles of energy internet and emphasizes the current research trends in the field of energy Internet at an advanced level. It includes instructor materials, case-studies, and worked examples throughout. This is an ideal resource for students in advanced graduate-level courses and special topics in energy, information and control systems, and is a useful tool for utility engineers who seek an intuitive understanding of the emerging applications of energy Internet.

This book presents ongoing research activities of currently available renewable energy technologies and the approaches towards clean technology for enabling a socio-economic model for the present and future generations to live in a clean and healthy environment. The book provides chapter wise implementation of research works in the area of green energy technologies with proper methods used with solution strategies and energy efficiency approaches by combining theory and practical applications. Readers are introduced to practical problems of green computation and hybrid resources optimization with solution based approaches from the current research outcomes. The book will be of use to researchers, professionals, and policy-makers alike.

This book provides a brief research source for optical fiber sensors for energy production and storage systems, discussing fundamental aspects as well as cutting-edge trends in sensing. This volume provides industry professionals, researchers and students with the most updated review on technologies and current trends, thus helping them identify technology gaps, develop new materials and novel designs that lead to commercially viable energy storage systems.

This book evaluates a number of serious technical challenges related to the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory power system simulation software package. It provides a fresh perspective on analyzing power systems according to renewable energy sources and how they affect power system performance in various situations. The book examines load flow, short-circuit, RMS simulation, power quality, and system reliability in the presence of renewable energy sources, and presents readers with the tools needed for modeling, simulation, and analysis for network planning. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and students working to solve power system problems in the presence of renewable energy sources in power system operations and utilities.

This book discusses renewable energy systems and applications, and demonstrates how an accelerated transition to 100% renewable energy can be achieved. It examines the systems from a thermodynamic perspective, focusing on the irreversible aspects of the current energy system and highlighting the solutions developed to date. Presenting global research and developments, this book is intended for those working within the field of renewable energy research and policy who are interested in learning how they can contribute to the transition from fossil fuels to renewable resources.

This book delivers a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of several types of materials that are widely used in the current era of supercapacitors; namely, architectured carbon materials, transition metal oxides and conducting polymers. It provides readers with a complete introduction to the fundamentals of supercapacitors, including the development of new electrolytes and electrodes, while highlighting the advantages, challenges, applications and future of these materials. This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors, ranging from their general characteristics and performance to materials selection, design and construction. Covering both fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course covering supercapacitors.

Rapid growth in the research and development of clean energy storage techniques has yielded a significant number of electrochemically active compounds/materials possessing enormous potential to facilitate the fabrication of next generation devices such as the supercapacitor. This Brief describes recent progress in the field of metal-ion based hybrid electrical energy storage devices, with emphasis on the effect of different metal ions and other constituent components on the overall electrochemical performance of battery-supercapacitor hybrids (BSHs). Although significant efforts have been made to create an effective electrical energy storage system that would have the energy density of a battery and the power density of a supercapacitor, persistent challenges still lie in combining these two altogether different systems to form a cost-effective and safe storage device. Detailed comparisons of output performance and longevity (in terms of cyclic stability) are provided, including device fabrication cost and safety. Of the several proposed schematics/prototypes, hybrid supercapacitors, with both carbon-based EDLC electrode and pure faradic (battery type) electrode can work in tandem to yield high energy densities with little degradation in specific power. As a promising electric energy storage device, supercapacitors address several critical issues in various fields of applications from miniaturized electronic devices and wearable electronics to power hungry heavy automobiles. Depending on the electrode configuration and other controlling parameters, these BSHs can have contrasting performance statistics. Metal ion BSHs such as Li+, Na+, Mg+2, Zn+2 etc., acid-alkaline BSHs, and redox electrolyte based BSHs all represent recent approaches, with BSHs based on metal ions, particularly Lithium, of particular interest because of the extreme popularity of Li-ion based batteries. This book is written for a broad readership of graduate students and academic and industrial researchers who are concerned with the growth and development of sustainable energy systems where efficient and cost-effective storage is key.

This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the principles, key technologies and main types of new energy utilization based on the analysis and prospect of global energy development trend and energy transformation law. Starting from the basic law of energy development, this book points out the inevitability of the development of fossil energy to non-fossil new energy, expounds scientifically and prospectively the importance of developing new energy to conform to the law of energy development and to ensure national energy security, introduces in detail various new energy technologies, summarizes the new strategies of traditional energy companies, and expounds respectively current situation and application prospect. The book is divided into four parts. The first one is "Energy Trend" includes the law of energy development, world energy layout and energy development trend. The second part, "New Energy Revolution", includes revolutionary energy technology and energy Internet technology. The third part is "New Strategies of Traditional Energy Companies", which includes the new energy distribution of oil companies and coal-fired power companies. Part IV "New Energy Theories", includes hydrogen energy, energy storage and new materials, geothermal, nuclear energy, wind and tide and other new energy sources.

This book analyzes issues surrounding the efficient integration of demand response programs (DRPs) on operation problems in smart grids. The benefits offered by demand response programs (DRPs) for load-serving entities, grid operators, and electricity consumers are explained, including decreased electricity prices and risk management. In-depth chapters discuss the flexibility of market operations, market power mitigation, and environmental benefits-making this a must-have reference for engineers and related practicing professionals working for organizations in the electricity market, including reliability organizations, distribution companies, transmission companies, and electric end-users.

The available literature on energy storage technologies in general, and mechanical energy storage in particular, is lacking in terms of both quantity and quality. This edited volume focuses on novel (yet uncomplicated) ideas that are currently part of the Energy Storage curriculum at the University of Sharjah, UAE. These techniques have been extensively researched and their prototypes are central to the undergraduate Energy Storage Lab that is associated with the course. Although ideally suited for wind energy storage, the techniques described are also suitable for renewable energy storage in general, and offer high two-way efficiency ratings.

This book highlights selected papers presented during the bi-annual World Renewable Energy Network's 2019 Med Green Forum. This international forum highlights the importance of growing renewable energy applications in two main sectors: Electricity Generation and Sustainable Building. The papers highlight the most current research and technological breakthroughs illustrating the viability of using renewable energy to satisfy energy needs. Coverage includes a broad range of renewable energy technologies and applications in all sectors - electricity production, heating and cooling, agricultural applications, water desalination, industrial applications, and transport. Presents leading-edge research in green building, sustainable architecture, and renewable energy; Covers a broad range of renewable energy technologies and applications in all sectors; Contains case studies and examples to enhance practical application of the technologies presented.

This book presents innovative techniques and approaches to maintaining dynamic security of modern power systems that have a high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). The authors propose a number of frequency control strategies and schemes to address and evade stability problems in system frequency and voltage that can lead to power interruption and power failure/blackout. The book includes case studies aimed at validating the effectiveness of the techniques and strategies presented, and will be a valuable resource for researchers working in electrical power engineering, power system stability, dynamics and control, and microgrids.

This book presents and facilitates the interchange of new research and development results concerned with hot topics in thermoelectric generators (TEGs) research, development and production. Topics include prospective thermoelectric materials for manufacturing TEGs operating in low-, mid-, and high temperature ranges, thermal and mechanical degradation issues in prospective thermoelectric materials and TEG modules, theoretical study of novel inorganic and organic thermoelectric materials, novel methods and apparatus for measuring performance of thermoelectric materials and TEGs, and thermoelectric power generators simulation, modeling, design and practice.This book helps researchers tackle the challenges that still remain in creating cheap and effective TEGs and presents the latest trends and technologies in development and production of advanced thermoelectric generation devices. Provides a concentration of new research and development in the field of Thermoelectric energy generation; Facilitates the interchange of new ideas and results to react effectively to the challenges of Thermoelectric generators; Explains both the advancements and challenges in TEGs.

This groundbreaking book aims to show that technology currently exists to build and operate large autonomous sailing ships equipped with hydrokinetic turbines and electrolysers that could operate in high-wind ocean areas. This technology would enable seawater to be converted into storable hydrogen, thereby tapping into an inexhaustible energy reservoir sufficient for the transition to an emission-free global economy. The book is presented in two parts. Part one presents a broad look at possible solutions to the climate change challenge and provides an overview of current approaches. Part two introduces 12 specific technologies that could enable the green energy ship concept.

This book presents a state-of-the-art review of recent advances in the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. The topics covered include: introduction to the structure of lithium-ion batteries; development of battery-powered electric vehicles; potential environmental impact of spent lithium-ion batteries; pretreatment of spent lithium-ion batteries for recycling processing; pyrometallurgical processing for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries; hydrometallurgical processing for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries; direct processing for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries; high value-added products from recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries; and effects of recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries on environmental burdens. The book provides an essential reference resource for professors, researchers, and policymakers in academia, industry, and government around the globe.

This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes. Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology. Batteries based on metallic anodes are currently considered impractical and unsafe because recharge of the anode causes physical and chemical instabilities that produce dendritic deposition of the metal leading to catastrophic failure via thermal runaway. This thesis utilizes a combination of chemical synthesis, physical & electrochemical analysis, and materials theory to investigate structure, ion transport properties, and electrochemical behaviors of hybrid electrolytes and interfacial phases designed to prevent such instabilities. In particular, it demonstrates that relatively low-modulus electrolytes composed of cross-linked networks of polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals by multiple processes, including screening electrode electrolyte interactions at electrochemical interfaces and by regulating ion transport in tortuous nanopores. This discovery is significant because it overturns a longstanding perception in the field of nanoparticle-polymer hybrid electrolytes that only solid electrolytes with mechanical modulus higher than that of the metal electrode are able to stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals.