The book offers systematic dynamic analysis of soils and their engineering applications, including machine foundations, and aims to develop a clear understanding of the subject. It comprises sixteen chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the various problems in soil dynamics. In Chapter 2, concepts of theory of vibrations are discussed along with their applications in designing Vibration Absorbers and Pickups. Wave propagation in elastic medium including wave refraction in layered medium is covered in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 deals with the procedure of determining dynamic properties of soils using various laboratory and field tests. Dynamic earth pressures in retaining walls and dynamic bearing capacity of footings are dealt with in Chapters 5 and 6 respectively. Chapters 7and 8 respectively deal with dynamic behavior of pile foundations and slopes. Causes of liquefaction of soils and prediction of liquefaction potential have been discussed in Chapter 9. In Chapter 10, the procedure of estimating the unbalanced forces in various types of machines are covered. Chapters 11, 12 and 13 deal with the analysis and design of foundations of reciprocating machine, hammer, and turbo-generators respectively. In Chapter 14, problems of vibration isolation and screening are dealt with. Chapter 15 discusses the analysis and design of reinforced earth wall located in seismic areas. A new concept of a conventional rigid retaining wall having reinforced backfill is presented in Chapter 16, giving complete analysis and design procedure considering seismic forces.

The aim of this text is to provide a comprehensive set of calculations relating to mass and energy balances for an entire process plant. An ammonia synthesis plant will be taken as a calculation model to develop the relevant mass and energy balances necessary for the design and subsequent production, as the production of ammonia synthesis gas is an internationally used process. Instead of teaching the basics of mass and energy balances, the text aims to give a detailed series of process integrated and illustrated calculations to help readers develop and design a process plant. * Details complete mass and energy calculations related to a manufacturing plant and includes stepwise procedures for mass and energy balances * Demonstrates how the series of integrated calculations will lead to the production of a specified amount of final product * Features "teaching" appendices that lay out applications of prior-assumed knowledge, which can be used in conjunction with the main text where more detailed explanation may be needed * Contains problems linked to various manufacturing sections covered in the text to help readers consolidate their knowledge This book will serve undergraduate Chemical Engineering students as a teaching aid in capstone design and related courses and gives useful insights to advanced students, researchers, and industry personnel within the Chemical Engineering field.

The aim of this text is to provide a comprehensive set of calculations relating to mass and energy balances for an entire process plant. An ammonia synthesis plant will be taken as a calculation model to develop the relevant mass and energy balances necessary for the design and subsequent production, as the production of ammonia synthesis gas is an internationally used process. Instead of teaching the basics of mass and energy balances, the text aims to give a detailed series of process integrated and illustrated calculations to help readers develop and design a process plant. * Details complete mass and energy calculations related to a manufacturing plant and includes stepwise procedures for mass and energy balances * Demonstrates how the series of integrated calculations will lead to the production of a specified amount of final product * Features "teaching" appendices that lay out applications of prior-assumed knowledge, which can be used in conjunction with the main text where more detailed explanation may be needed * Contains problems linked to various manufacturing sections covered in the text to help readers consolidate their knowledge This book will serve undergraduate Chemical Engineering students as a teaching aid in capstone design and related courses and gives useful insights to advanced students, researchers, and industry personnel within the Chemical Engineering field.

Considering the overall situation of the current pandemic and pertinent recommendations, this book focuses on the use of augmented reality (AR) applications for preventing COVID-19 outbreaks along with techniques, tools, and platforms to achieve social distancing.and sanitization. COVID-19 Public Health Measures: An Augmented Reality Perspective contains theoretical and practical knowledge of AR and remedies on how to cope with the pandemic, including multiple use cases along with a set of recommendations. This book illustrates application building using open-source software with an interactive interface to aid impaired users. The initial part of this book emphasizes the basic knowledge of AR, technology, devices, and rest of the relevant theories. This book is aimed at researchers, students of AR, technical healthcare professionals, and practitioners. Key Features: * Consists of an extensive introduction to the terminologies and components of AR * Provides in-depth knowledge of various tools and techniques used in AR * Introduces various platforms and software development kits (SDKs) such as Unity Engine, Unreal Engine, and Vuforia * Gives a step-by-step guide for the development of an AR app * Describes how AR can be used specifically by impaired users not only in the situation of current pandemic but also in normal situations thus simplifying day-to-day activities

This volume elaborates on mechatronics as the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes. It considers the integration of mechanical systems (mechanical elements, components, machines), electronic systems (microelectronics, sensor and actuator technology), and information technology. The book's chapters present the principles of mechatronic systems design and solid materials in small elementary steps, provide an abundance of examples, and feature problems that are as practical as possible without becoming too involved with many extraneous details.

Closed loop supply chains and their management have become mandatory for firms to stay competitive and profitable. This book provides insights into designing supply chain networks by understanding and incorporating key return parameters into the network design, which will affect profitability. The book discusses how customer categories and their acceptance behavior are incorporated into the network design. It also shows how to analyze the interaction of parameters on supply chain network design and profitability, offers modeling framework for incorporating uncertainties in the return product parameters, and shows how to design a robust network. Invaluable for managers in designing a sustainable, robust, and profitable supply chain network and ideal for managers, practitioners, and researchers in the area of supply chain network design and optimization.

Aluminum is increasingly replacing steel in automotive applications due to its superior strength-to-weight ratio, equal or better stiffness and toughness properties, durability, and manufacturability considerations. Primer on Automotive Lightweighting Technologies introduces basic ideas and principles of designing and engineering automotive components with aluminum. Topics include application of the knowledge to understand how automotive body and structures are designed, as well as other major and smaller automotive components, such as engine blocks and their components, chassis systems, and wheels. Features Discusses material considerations in engineering design Describes mechanical and physical properties of aluminum Covers manufacturing methods and automotive and industrial applications of aluminum products Offers information on design for functional performance and cost optimization Includes coverage of extruded and rolled products and car body structure This practical book is aimed at professionals in the fields of materials and mechanical engineering, automotive engineering, and metals and alloys, as well as advanced students and researchers.

This book provides a coherent and systematic view of the key concepts, principles, and techniques in maritime container transport and logistics chains including all the main segments: international maritime trade and logistics, freight logistics, container logistics, vessel logistics, port and terminal management, and sustainability issues in maritime transport. Container Logistics and Maritime Transport emphasizes analytical methods and current optimization models to tackle challenging issues in maritime transport and logistics. This book takes a holistic approach to cover all the main segments of the container shipping supply chains to achieve an efficient and effective logistics service system across the entire global transport chain. Sustainability issues such as social concern and carbon emissions from shipping and ports are also discussed. Each maritime transport segment is addressed using an approach from qualitative/descriptive analytics to quantitative/prescriptive analytics. Cutting-edge optimization models are presented and explained to tackle various strategic, tactical, and operational planning problems. The book will help readers better understand operations management in global maritime container transport chain. It will also provide practical principles and effective techniques and tools for researchers to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and for practitioners to implement decision support systems. It will be directly relevant to academic courses related to maritime transport, maritime logistics, transport management, international shipping, port management, container shipping, container logistics, shipping supply chain, and international logistics.

Offering a step-by-step approach for applying the Nonparametric Method with the Bayesian Approach to model complex relationships occurring in Reliability Engineering, Quality Management, and Operations Research, it also discusses survival and censored data, accelerated lifetime tests (issues in reliability data analysis), and R codes. This book uses the Nonparametric Bayesian approach in the fields of quality management and operations research. It presents a step-by-step approach for understanding and implementing these models, as well as includes R codes which can be used in any dataset. The book helps the readers to use statistical models in studying complex concepts and applying them to Operations Research, Industrial Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science, Quality and Reliability, Maintenance Planning and Operations Management. This book helps researchers, analysts, investigators, designers, producers, industrialists, entrepreneurs, and financial market decision makers, with finding the lifetime model of products, and for crucial decision-making in other markets.

The aim of Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System is to present the mechanical and electrical properties of human soft tissues and the mathematical models related to the evaluation of these properties in time, as well as their biomedical applications. This book also provides an overview of the bioelectric signals of soft tissues from various parts of the human body. In addition, this book presents the basic dielectric and viscoelastic characteristics of soft tissues, an introduction to the measurement and characteristics of bioelectric signals and their relationship with the mechanical activity, electromyography and the correlation of electromyograms with the muscle activity in normal and certain clinical conditions. The authors also present a case study on the effect of lymphatic filariasis on the mechanical and electrical activity of the muscle. Features: Explains the basics of electrical and mechanical properties of soft tissues in time and frequency domain along with the mathematical models of soft tissue mechanics Explores the correlation of electrical properties with the mechanical properties of biological soft tissues using computational techniques Provides a detailed introduction to electrophysiological signals along with the types, applications, properties, problems and associated mathematical models Explains the electromechanics of muscles using electromyography recordings from various muscles of the human physiological system Presents a case study on the effect of lymphatic filariasis on the mechanical and electrical activity of the muscle Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System is intended for biomedical engineers, researchers and medical scientists as well graduate and undergraduate students working on the mechanical properties of soft tissues.

Sustainable Production and Logistics: Modeling and Analysis Subject Guide: Engineering - Industrial & Manufacturing This book presents issues faced by planners of production and distribution operations in terms of smart manufacturing and sustainability, using efficient quantitative techniques in a variety of decision-making situations. Addressing the state-of-the-art of the smart and sustainable sides of production and distribution planning operations, it highlights how a current issue can be effectively approached and what particular quantitative technique can be used. The book goes on to provide a foundation in the new and fast-growing digital journey, and includes logistics 4.0 inside Industry 4.0, along with case studies. The information in this book is useful worldwide, especially in the Americas, Europe, Turkey, and Japan. It is written for academicians, researchers, practitioners, and students.

This book aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Artificial Intelligence. The book provides a premier interdisciplinary platform to present practical challenges and adopted solutions. The book addresses the complete functional framework workflow in Artificial Intelligence technology. It explores the basic and high-level concepts and can serve as a manual for the industry for beginners and the more advanced. It covers intelligent and automated systems and its implications to the real-world, and offers data acquisition and case studies related to data-intensive technologies in AI-based applications. The book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, scientists, professors, students of computer science engineering, electronics and communications, as well as information technology.

This new volume, Herbal Product Development: Formulation and Applications, addresses some of the challenges that hinder the path of successful natural products from laboratory to market. Highly skilled, experienced, and renowned scientists and researchers from around the globe offer up-to-date information that describes characteristics of herbs and herbal products, applications, evaluation techniques, and more. There is also a section dedicated to alternative medicinal strategies for the treatment and cure of diverse diseases. Also considered, of course, is the efficacy and safety of herbal products, which are of major concern. This valuable volume will be an important addition to the library of those involved in herbal product development and testing, including researchers, scientists, academicians, industry professionals, and students in this area.

This volume focuses on the development and application of fundamental concepts in mechanics and physics of solids as they pertain to the solution of challenging new problems in diverse areas, such as materials science and micro- and nanotechnology. In this volume, emphasis is placed on the development of fundamental concepts of mechanics and novel applications of these concepts based on theoretical, experimental, or computational approaches, drawing upon the various branches of engineering science and the allied areas within applied mathematics, materials science, and applied physics. Materials Physics and Chemistry: Applied Mathematics and Chemo-Mechanical Analysis emphasizes the basics, such as design, equilibrium, material behavior, and geometry of deformation in simple structures or machines. Readers will find a thorough treatment of stress, strain, and the stress-strain relationships. Meanwhile it provides a solid foundation upon which readers can begin work in composite materials science and engineering. Many chapters include theory components with the equations students need to calculate different properties.

An Introduction to Optimization Techniques introduces the basic ideas and techniques of optimization. Optimization is a precise procedure using design constraints and criteria to enable the planner to find the optimal solution. Optimization techniques have been applied in numerous fields to deal with different practical problems. This book is designed to give the reader a sense of the challenge of analyzing a given situation and formulating a model for it while explaining the assumptions and inner structure of the methods discussed as fully as possible. It includes real-world examples and applications making the book accessible to a broader readership. Features Each chapter begins with the Learning Outcomes (LO) section, which highlights the critical points of that chapter. All learning outcomes, solved examples and questions are mapped to six Bloom Taxonomy levels (BT Level). Book offers fundamental concepts of optimization without becoming too complicated. A wide range of solved examples are presented in each section after the theoretical discussion to clarify the concept of that section. A separate chapter on the application of spreadsheets to solve different optimization techniques. At the end of each chapter, a summary reinforces key ideas and helps readers recall the concepts discussed. The wide and emerging uses of optimization techniques make it essential for students and professionals. Optimization techniques have been applied in numerous fields to deal with different practical problems. This book serves as a textbook for UG and PG students of science, engineering, and management programs. It will be equally useful for Professionals, Consultants, and Managers.

This book traces the development of diverse British cultures of outer space, utilizing key geographical concepts such as landscape, place, and national identity. It examines the early visionary ideas of writers H. G. Wells and Olaf Stapledon, the ambitious British space programme of the 1960s, and narrations of British cultural identity that accompanied the space missions of Helen Sharman, Beagle 2 and Tim Peake. The exploration of British cultures of outer space throughout the book helps understand the emergence of the British Interplanetary Society. It also explains its significance in pre-war and post-war periods through an analysis of the roles of influential figures such as Arthur C. Clarke and Patrick Moore. The chapters explore utopian and dystopian representations of space exploration, examine the mysterious phenomenon of UFO culture, and consider plans for humanity's imagined future across interstellar space. Throughout the book geography is advocated as a home for critical studies of outer space, illuminating its significance in terms of the reciprocal relationships between exploration and the sublime, science and the imagination, Earth and cosmos. As an emergent field of research in the social sciences, this book makes an excellent contribution to the study of the outer space in Britain and abroad developing a distinctive kind of outer spatial geography with major implications for future teaching and research.

Intelligibility is the ultimate goal of human communication. However, measuring it objectively remained elusive until the 1940s when physicist Harvey Fletcher pioneered a psychoacoustic methodology for doing so. Another physicist, von Bekesy, demonstrated clinically that Fletcher's theory of Critical Bands was anchored in anatomical and auditory reality. Fletcher's and Bekesy's approach to intelligibility has revolutionized contemporary understanding of the processes involved in encoding and decoding speech signals. Their insights are applied in this book to account for the intelligibility of the pronunciation of 67 non-native speakers from the following language backgrounds -10 Arabic, 10 Japanese, 10 Korean, 10 Mandarin, 11 Serbian and Croatian "the Slavic Group," 6 Somali, and 10 Spanish speakers who read the Speech Accent Archive elicitation paragraph. Their pronunciation is analyzed instrumentally and compared and contrasted with that of 10 native speakers of General American English (GAE) who read the same paragraph. The data-driven intelligibility analyses proposed in this book help answer the following questions: Can L2 speakers of English whose native language lacks a segment/segments or a suprasegment/ suprasegments manage to produce it/them intelligibly? If they cannot, what segments or suprasegments do they use to substitute for it/them? Do the compensatory strategies used interfere with intelligibility? The findings reported in this book are based on nearly 12,000 measured speech tokens produced by all the participants. This includes some 2,000 vowels, more than 500 stop consonants, over 3,000 fricatives, nearly 1,200 nasals, about 1,500 approximants, a over 1,200 syllables onsets, as many as 800 syllable codas, more than 1,600 measurement of F0/pitch, and duration measurements of no fewer than 539 disyllabic words. These measurements are in keeping with Baken and Orlikoff (2000:3) and in accordance with widely accepted Just Noticeable Difference thresholds, and relative functional load calculations provided by Catforda (1987).

This book provides the latest research advances in the field of system reliability assurance and engineering. It contains reference material for applications of reliability in system engineering, offering a theoretical sound background with adequate numerical illustrations. Included are concepts pertaining to reliability analysis, assurance techniques and methodologies, tools, and practical applications of system reliability modeling and allocation. The collection discusses various soft computing techniques like artificial intelligence and particle swarm optimization approach for reliability assessment. Importance of differentiating between the optimal release time and testing stop time of the software has been explicitly discussed and presented in the book. Features: Creates understanding of the costs associated with complex systems Covers reliability measurement of engineering systems Incorporates an efficient effort-based expenditure policy incorporating cost and reliability criteria Provides information for optimal testing stop and release time of software system Presents software performance and security layout Addresses reliability prediction and its maintenance through advanced analytics techniques Overall, System Reliability Management: Solutions and Techniques is a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach for better communication of problems and solutions to increase the performance of the system for better utilization and resource management.

This book covers the issues related to optimization of engineering and management problems using soft computing techniques with an industrial outlook. It covers a broad area related to real life complex decision making problems using a heuristics approach. It also explores a wide perspective and future directions in industrial engineering research on a global platform/scenario. The book highlights the concept of optimization, presents various soft computing techniques, offers sample problems, and discusses related software programs complete with illustrations. Features Explains the concept of optimization and relevance to soft computing techniques towards optimal solution in engineering and management Presents various soft computing techniques Offers problems and their optimization using various soft computing techniques Discusses related software programs, with illustrations Provides a step-by-step tutorial on how to handle relevant software for obtaining the optimal solution to various engineering problems

This book presents a comprehensive compilation of practical systems engineering models. The application and recognition of systems engineering is spreading rapidly, however there is no book that addresses the availability and usability of systems engineering models. Notable among the models to be included are the V-Model, DEJI Model, and Waterfall Model. There are other models developed for specific organizational needs, which will be identified and presented in a practical template so that other organizations can learn and use them. A better understanding of the models, through a comprehensive book, will make these models more visible, embraced, and applied across the spectrum. Visit www.DEJImodel.com for model details. Features Covers applications to both small and large problems Displays decomposition of complex problems into smaller manageable chunks Discusses direct considerations of the pertinent constraints that exist in the problem domain Presents systematic linking of inputs to goals and outputs

The engineering profession is at a critical juncture that requires reforming engineering education. The supply of engineers is declining whereas the nature of the demand is changing. Formulating a response to these challenges demands the adoption of new and innovative tools and methods for promoting the expansion of the community while supporting these evolving requirements. Initiatives to entice and retain students are being employed to support growth objectives. Modern technologies are reshaping reform efforts. This book discusses the state of affairs in the field of engineering education and presents practical steps for addressing the challenges in order to march toward a brighter future. Features Covers the latest state of engineering education in the North America, Europe, Middle East, North Africa, and Far East Asia Discusses advances in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and community engagement Outlines applications of digital technologies to enhance learning Provides advances in remote and online instructions for engineering education Presents discussions on innovation, leadership, and ethics

In today's business world, competitiveness defines the industrial leading edge. Organizations and businesses of all sizes are adopting Lean manufacturing practices to increase efficiency and address worries about their bottom lines. In a detailed review of this staple of Lean manufacturing, Cellular Manufacturing: Mitigating Risk and Uncertainty outlines how cellular manufacturing can do just that. It demonstrates how this approach can help you and your teams build a variety of products with as little waste as possible. The book begins by presenting a survey of the current state of existing methods that can best be used in the handling of the bottleneck machines and parts problem, which results from the cellular manufacturing system design. It then explores how decision making under risk is used to help the designer select the best cell arrangement in case of probabilistic production volume and maximize the profit imposed by resource capacity constraints. The author then presents a method for the system design of a manufacturing cell that aims for profit maximization over a certain period of time. He also discusses robust design, illustrated with a real application. Put simply, cellular manufacturing integrates machinery and a small team of staff, directed by a team leader, so all the work on a product or part can be accomplished in the same cell eliminating resources that do not add value to the product. A concise yet unique reference, this book incorporates decision making under risk into cellular manufacturing. The text makes the link that ties cellular manufacturing to the bottom line. It helps you recognize savings opportunities from elimination of downtime between operations, decreased material handling costs, decreased work-in-progress inventory and associated costs, reduced opportunity for handling errors, decreased downtime spent waiting for supplies or materials, and reduced losses from defective or obsolete products.

Recently, many books on multiobjective programming have been published. However, only a few books have been published, in which multiobjective programming under the randomness and the fuzziness are investigated. On the other hand, several books on multilevel programming have been published, in which multiple decision makers are involved in hierarchical decision situations. In this book, we introduce the latest advances in the field of multiobjective programming and multilevel programming under uncertainty. The reader can immediately use proposed methods to solve multiobjective programming and multilevel programming, which are based on linear programming or convex programming technique. Organization of each capter is summarized as follows. In Chapter 2, multiobjective programming problems with random variables are formulated, and the corresponding interactive algorithms are developed to obtain a satisfactory solution, in which the fuzziness of human's subjective judgment for permission levels are considered. In Chapter 3, multiobjective programming problems with fuzzy random variables are formulated, and the corresponding interactive algorithms are developed to obtain a satisfactory solution, in which not only the uncertainty of fuzzy random variables but also the fuzziness of human's subjective judgment for permission levels are considered. In Chapter 4, multiobjective multilevel programming is discussed, and the interactive algorithms are developed to obtain a satisfactory solution, in which the hierarchical decision structure of multiple decision makers is reflected. In Chapter 5, two kinds of farm planning problems are solved by applying the proposed method, in which cost coefficients of crops are expressed by random variables.

Affordability is a new concept that allows the implementation of Continuous Improvement for any organization. It encapsulates contemporary methods that improve product and service profitability, increases market share, value, speed, quality and capability, and cuts down on cost. This new method addresses the needs of growing, improving, and sustaining an organization. It provides a framework and foundation for launching improvement initiatives, deploying continuous improvement, and maintaining the cultural habits and behaviors required to continue such efforts. Case studies from a variety of industries, businesses, and institutions are provided.

This book offers a practical and reliable approach to how an organization can move beyond all of the separate initiatives and hype associated with sustainability. It shows how to build in what is already in place, in order to create a sense of stewardship that protects the environment, creates a sense of social well-being, and shared value within the organization.