This book assesses the structure of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. It explains why, instead of the expected bilateral structure where a company from an industrialized country invests in a project in a developing country and receives the emission reduction credits in return, a unilateral structure prevails whereby a company from a developing country finances the emission reduction project itself and sells the emission reduction credits. The book arrives at three fundamental, interconnected, conclusions: CDM is logically a unilaterally driven investment activity; CDM investment is an irrelevant compliance instrument for companies from industrialised countries and that this state of affairs is unlikely to change post 2012; and CDM thrives in less equal and less ambitious post-2012 climate regimes. Unique in its analysis of corporate views on investment in CDM projects, this book will find widespread appeal amongst climate policy analysts, company representatives involved in developing CDM acquisition strategies and climate policymakers. It will also be of interest to anyone involved in the study of climate change, emissions reduction and trading and carbon markets.

This book reviews and analyzes emerging challenges in water policy, governance and institutions in India. Recent times have seen the contours of water policy shaped by new discourses and narratives; there has been a pluralization of the state and a changing balance of power among the actors who influence the formulation of water policy. Discourses on gender mainstreaming and Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) are influential, though they have often remained rhetorical and difficult to put into practice. Debate over property rights reform and inter-linking of rivers has been polarized. At the same time, there has been a rising disenchantment with policy initiatives in participatory irrigation management, cleaning up of water bodies and pollution control. Fast depletion of groundwater resources and the importance of adopting new irrigation methods are getting increased focus in the recent policy dialogue. The contributors review current debate on these and other subjects shaping the governance of water resources, and take stock of new policy developments. The book examines the experience of policy implementation, and shows where important weaknesses still lie. The authors present a roadmap for the future, and discuss the potential of alternative approaches for tackling emerging challenges. A case is made for greater emphasis on a discursive analysis of water policy, to examine underlying policy processes. The contributors observe that the ongoing democratization of water governance, coupled with the multiplication of stresses on water, will create a more visible demand for platforms for negotiation, conflict resolution and dialogue across different categories of users and uses. Finally, the authors propose that future research should challenge implicit biases in water resources planning and address imbalances in the allocation of water from the perspectives of both equity and sustainability.

This book documents and compares the experiences of a wide range of universities across the five continents with regard to sustainable development, making it of special interest to sustainability researchers and practitioners. By showcasing how integrative approaches to sustainable development at the university level can be successfully employed to bridge the gaps between disciplines, the book provides a timely contribution to the literature on sustainability and offers a valuable resource for all those interested in sustainability in a higher education context.

During the past decade the issue of a general welfare double dividend (an improvement in environmental quality combined with a positive welfare effect) triggered by a tax shift from labour to energy resources has been extensively debated. In this book, Kurt Kratena studies the employment effects of revenue neutral tax shifts from labour to energy, and measures the impact on theoretical and empirical models of the European labour market. A common theoretical framework is devised to analyse the impact of environmental tax reform. Various 'labour market regimes' (competitive labour markets, union wage bargaining and efficiency wages) are derived and taken as the starting point for different specifications of the labour market. The theoretical outcomes of tax shifts in these different labour market regimes are then analysed and compared. The results reveal that whereas an econometric based multi-sectoral model yields significant double dividend effects, a general equilibrium model only finds employment double dividend effects. The book also highlights the potentially positive economic consequences of environmental tax reform such as a shift in demand from energy to non-energy goods. This book provides a concise appraisal of the general double dividend question combined with an innovative analysis of the employment double dividend effect. It utilises extensive empirical evidence and reveals the sensitivity of the various theoretical concepts surrounding the debate. This book will be of interest and relevance to academics in the fields of environmental economics, labour theory and fiscal studies.

Responsible Care - A Case Study is the first book of its kind to provide insight into the development and evolution of Responsible Care and its influence of societal outcomes on the basis of case studies. It provides readers in industry, government, and academia with the principles and innovative thinking associated with the Responsible Care ethic as a means to promote and implement such advanced concepts in their own institution. The book is not only a teaching aid for university curriculum, it also serves as a practical tool to industrial management and staff to improve industrial policies. The last chapter illustrates a practical example of a workshop held at McMaster University, Canada, which can be used as a model for readers to use this book as an educational tool.

This book provides a framework for integrating information management in supply chains. Current trends in business practice have made it necessary to explore the potential held by information integration with regard to environmental aspects. Information flow integration provides an opportunity to focus on the creation of a more "green" supply chain. However, it is currently difficult to identify the impact of information integration on greening a supply chain in a wide range of practical applications. Accordingly, this book focuses on the potential value of information integration solutions in terms of greening supply chain management. It covers the following major topics: Application of information flow standards in the supply chain Information systems and technological solutions for integrating information flows in supply chains The Internet of Things and the industry 4.0 concept, with regard to the integration of supply chains Modeling and simulation of logistics processes Decision-making tools enabling the greening of supply chains

Crises and disasters that directly impact tourism can have extensive reputational implications for the organisations and destinations involved. It is critical that DMOs and CEOs communicate the right message in such circumstances to reassure the public that they have their best interests at heart. Often this is not done well. Every crisis and disaster is different, and knowledge is required to understand how different crises and disasters, whether they be at a destination or an organisational level, affect members of the public. Such insight will provide managers with a clearer understanding of the most effective messaging and communication strategies post event. 'Reputation and Image Recovery for the Tourism Industry' uses real life cases studies to contextualise the relevant theories on tourism, marketing and communication, and unpacks examples of best practice to illustrate how carefully managed response strategies can ensure the organisation's future survival. Packed with international case studies, and with contributions from experts, this edited book is divided into three sections that cover: * Natural Disasters: including cyclones/hurricanes; flooding; earthquakes, volcanos and tsunamis; bush/forest fires and other severe natural events. * Man Made Crises and Organisational Crises: including specific case studies that focus on how destinations restore their reputation following a random act of crime or terror; managing the threat of terrorism- a destination image perspective; managing destination image in the midst of political turmoil and reputation recovery for destinations with long term image issues. * Organisational Crises in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: including reputation recovery for various tourism organisations including airlines, hotels and theme parks; managing the media in times of organisational crises; best practice public relations strategies for tourism organisations and the role of social media in organisational reputation recovery. Essential reading for students, researchers and industry managers, and the 'go to' text for those wishing to learn about specific strategies and best practice techniques proven to assist with the reputational management of destinations and organisations affected by crises and disasters.

This book presents a socio-economic analysis of the issues linking technological innovation in providing arsenic-safe drinking water in rural areas. It presents concrete field based experiences of experiments and case studies depicting the plight and sufferings of people due to failed technological deployment strategies over the past two decades in West Bengal, the most arsenic-exposed state in India and also the first to act for remediation of the crisis. One of the greatest challenges in arsenic-exposed zones is to provide sustainable access to reliably arsenic-safe free water. For nearly twenty years the Government of India and national water distribution institutions in collaboration with multi-lateral funding agencies have sought to pump in money, push technology collected through global tenders, and enlist the support of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), but their efforts have yielded little success. This book is the outcome of the authors' intensive fieldwork, guided by the conceptual framework of the latest literature on environmental economics and consumer behaviour. It presents a framework and estimates based on field level primary data. Secondary official source-based data are also collated from various scattered sources into a valuable, comprehensive collection. Lastly, the book includes a revealing analysis of factors affecting households' participation.

This book addresses topics and issues of high relevance to the widely shared desire to promote inclusive growth, sustainability, and innovation within a context of global governance. It is based on the XXXth Villa Mondragone International Economic Seminar, where leading experts met to discuss the latest research and thinking on different aspects of globalization, trade, inequalities, growth imbalances, green technologies, the labor market, and financial systems. The aim is to stimulate new responses and possible solutions to a variety of well-recognized problems, including low growth in real wages, stagnating productivity, and growing disparities in income. Some of these problems are especially evident in Europe, where austerity policies have failed to deliver adequate growth and investment. However, while a number of the contributions focus on aspects of particular importance to Europe, others look further afield, for example to the scope for innovation in Africa and to experiences with quantitative easing in Japan. The book will be of wide interest to academics, researchers, policy makers, and practitioners.

This volume of the Lecture Notes in Mobility series contains papers written by speakers at the 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) "Smart Systems for Clean, Safe and Shared Road Vehicles" that was held in Berlin, Germany in September 2018. The authors report about recent breakthroughs in electric and electronic components and systems, driver assistance, vehicle automation and electrification as well as data, clouds and machine learning. Furthermore, innovation aspects and impacts of connected and automated driving are covered. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in industry and academia, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students alike.

This monograph adresses the challenge of the environmental assessment of leightweight electric vehicles. It poses the question whether the use of lightweight materials in electric vehicles can reduce the vehicles' environmental impact and compares the environmental performance of a lightweight electric vehicle (LEV) to other types of vehicles. The topical approach focuses on methods from life cycle assessment (LCA), and the book concludes with a comprehensive concept on the environmental assessment of LEVs. The target audience primarily comprises LCA practitioners from research institutes and industry, but it may also be beneficial for graduate students specializing in the field of environmental assessment.

The book contributes to a better understanding of the role of knowledge societies in achieving sustainability. It is based on the conference with the same title held in Riga, which brought together experts from Europe and the rest of the world. The book highlights sustainable development in relation to the knowledge society and smart future manufacturing technologies, and it helps provide a better understanding of the interplay between sustainable development and knowledge society issues, and how these could lead to a better future.

The first text to take a truly inter-disciplinary approach to critically examining the impacts of tourism on marine environments and coastal regions, focusing on the negative environmental impacts but also looking at the social and economic context of marine tourism and coastal zone management. The book sets tourism against the background of the crisis facing our oceans due to climate change and the effects of global warming. Tourism adds another layer of challenges for our marine environment, and its rapid growth globally means that these challenges have grown dramatically in recent years. We have seen a number of trends in the relationship between tourism and our oceans which pose a threat to the future of the marine environment and coastal communities. The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment looks at these trends in detail and tackles issues such as: * A critical evaluation of the cruise sector in terms of its impacts on the marine environment and the coastal destinations visited by cruise ships. * Marine wildlife watching and whether it is the enemy of conservation or its ally * The overall impact of tourism on waste, litter and plastics in the oceans. * The two-way relationship between climate change and global warming and marine environments and coastal tourist destinations * The effects of leisure activities such as diving and sea angling on the marine environment including coral reefs * The consumption of marine resources to meet tourist demand for seafood and souvenirs that deplete ocean resources * Natural and man-made disasters which have their origins in the oceans but have an impact on coastal tourist destinations * The challenges involved in the planning and management of tourism in marine environments and the impacts of the construction of new resorts and tourism infrastructure. * The debate over whether there is a need for regulation to control the impacts of tourism on our oceans or whether industry self-regulation is the best approach to take The book includes nearly forty mini-case studies from around the world which illustrate issues raised in the text. There are also two important 'opinion pieces' from Professor Harold Goodwin and Professor Michael Hall. A must-have text for students, researchers and practitioners looking at issues of sustainable tourism, tourism planning, environmental management, geography, marine conservation and corporate social responsibility. Part of the Responsible Tourism Series edited by Harold Goodwin, Director of Responsible Tourism, Institute of Place Management at Manchester Metropolitan University and John Swarbrooke, Associate Dean-International, Plymouth Global, Plymouth University, UK Professor John Swarbrooke is Associate Dean - International, at the University of Plymouth, UK.

This book offers a theoretical model of feed-in tariffs and provides different investigations into the promotion of renewable energy. The first part of the book proposes a model to investigate feed-in tariffs, that is, how to set a price for the electricity generated from renewable energy sources and fed into the power grid. The second part examines other important features of renewable energy development, such as uncertainty, diffusion of innovation, partnership among relevant parties, and community. Aiming for applicable results, this book provides a theoretical basis for the design of an effective, efficient, and tractable system for promoting renewable energy. This book is meant for researchers, policy makers, graduate students, and anyone interested in the economic and social aspects of renewable energy development.

This book highlights the electronic governance in a smart city through case studies of cities located in many countries. "E-Government" refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access to information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits are less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions. The book is divided into three parts. * E-Governance State of the Art Studies of many cities * E-Governance Domains Studies * E-Governance Tools and Issues

Bringing together renewable energy and energy security, this book covers both the politics and political economy of renewables and energy security and analyzes renewable technologies in diverse and highly topical countries: Japan, China and Northern Europe.

This book is committed to provide a holistic view of corruption in the public construction sector, a sector that has been perceived as the most corrupt in the world. Relying on the new findings achieved from a series of qualitative and quantitative studies, this book unveils the specific forms of corruption, the principal causes of corruption, and the prevailing anti-corruption strategies that are used by the current practice. Furthermore, this book provides two metrics that can assess the potential of corruption and the risk of collusion in given public construction projects, respectively. This book will enhance industry and research communities' understandings of corruption in the public construction sector. It is also informative to policy-makers and can help them come up with some more effective strategies to eliminate corruption in the public construction sector.

This book examines the energy footprints of various industrial sectors, including the bio- and hydrogen energy systems, and explores the scope for improvement, particularly in India. It focuses on the consumption and conservation of energy, which are the key elements of any industry's sustainability strategy.

This book provides an insight into some of the efforts and actions taken by the rapidly developing economy of Malaysia towards its 'Vision 2020' of becoming a developed country. Renuka Mahadevan explores whether the vision can become reality and not just remain a dream. The purpose of this book is thus to study selected key areas such as structural transformation, total factor productivity growth, human capital and technology development policies as well as poverty and income equality. In addition, the various challenges that Malaysia faces in an increasingly global environment, and its move to a knowledge economy are examined. Based on empirical investigation covering a wide number of topics, policy is critically reviewed and suggestions are made for sustainable growth and development. With a focus on policy in a range of macroeconomic topics, Sustainable Growth and Economic Development will be of interest to policy analysts and researchers in development economics.

This book deals with the water policy and management in Canada. It discusses various problems and risks in the fresh and drinking water supply in the second largest country in the world. Mohammed Dore argues that water is underpriced and used wastefully in Canada. In selected case studies, he illustrates the major threats from human activity to Canadian freshwaters and drinking water resources, including manufacturing, mining, oil sands production, animal farming and agricultural use. Selected case studies include reviews of even dramatic incidences, e.g. the Walkerton tragedy of 2000, when 7 people were killed and 200 went onto permanent dialysis treatment because of water contamination with harmful pathogens. The book warns that wastewater treatment standards are often not sufficient, so that many drinking water resources are in peril of wastewater contamination. As most of the water resources are provincial responsibility, the book discusses the water management policies in the different provinces separately. Through a detailed discussion and statistical analyses, it can define water policy and management lessons that emerge from the investigated case studies. It ends by contrasting water policy and practice in Canada with the practice in some European countries.

1 Einleitung.- 1.1 Problemstellung.- 1.2 Vorgehensweise.- 2 Handelspolitische Konzepte und Umweltpolitik.- 2.1 Freihandel und Handelsliberalisierung.- 2.1.1 Smith, Ricardo und die Natur.- 2.1.2 Marktversagen und naturliche Ressourcen.- 2.1.3 OEkonomische Loesungen bei Marktversagen mit negativen Umweltauswirkungen.- 2.1.4 Die oekologische Kritik am neoliberalen Ansatz des Umweltschutzes.- 2.1.5 Konstanter Rohstoffverbrauch.- 2.2 Entwicklung der Umweltoekonomie nach oekologischer Kritik.- 2.2.1 Neue Impulse durch die OEkologische Umweltoekonomie.- 2.2.2 Der Mainstream der Umweltoekonomie.- 2.3 Zusammenfassung.- 3 Handel, Umweltschutz und zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen.- 3.1 Handelspolitische Effekte auf die Umweltpolitik.- 3.1.1 Produkteffekte.- 3.1.2 Skaleneffekte.- 3.1.3 Struktureffekte.- 3.2 Auswirkungen der Umweltpolitik auf internationalen Handel.- 3.2.1 Umweltpolitische Instrumente.- 3.2.2 Politisch relevante Effekte umweltpolitischer Instrumente.- 3.3 Empirische Beobachtungen.- 3.3.1 Negative Auswirkungen.- 3.3.2 Positive Effekte.- 3.3.3 Umweltpolitische Handlungsmoeglichkeiten.- 3.4 Bewertung.- 3.4.1 Effekte des internationalen Handels auf internationale Umweltpolitik.- 3.4.2 Internationale Umweltschutzabkommen.- 3.5 Konflikte zwischen Entwicklungs- und Industrielandern.- 3.5.1 Positionen des Sudens im Querschnittsbereich von Handels- und Umweltpolitik.- 3.5.2 "Gruner Protektionismus" und "OEkoimperialismus".- 3.6 Fazit.- 4 Umweltschutz im GATT/WTO-System.- 4.1 Die Entwicklung des Welthandelssystems und die Integration von Umweltschutz.- 4.1.1 Vom GATT zur WTO.- 4.1.2 Grundprinzipien.- 4.1.3 Ausnahmen und institutionelle Probleme.- 4.1.4 Multilaterale Handelsrunden.- 4.1.5 Wichtige Weichenstellungen.- 4.1.6 Die WTO.- 4.2 Die WTO und Umweltschutz.- 4.2.1 Institutionelle Entwicklungen.- 4.2.1 Die Konferenz von Seattle und moegliche Folgen.- 4.2.2 Grunde fur das "Scheitern" und Blick in die Zukunft.- 4.3 Streitschlichtungsverfahren aufgrund umweltpolitischer Handelsmassnahmen.- 4.3.1 Entwicklung im GATT.- 4.3.2 Streitschlichtung in der WTO.- 4.3.3 Streitschlichtung bei umweltpolitischen Handelsmassnahmen.- 4.4 Eine vorlaufige Analyse der Schlichtungsverfahren.- 4.4.1 Internationale Umweltschutzabkommen.- 4.4.2 Produktions- und Prozessmethoden.- 4.4.3 ArtikelXX-Praambel.- 4.4.4 Artikel XX (b).- 4.4.5 Artikel XX (g).- 4.5 Das Komitee fur Handel und Umwelt.- 4.5.1 Institutionelle Entwicklung.- 4.5.2 Das CTE in der WTO.- 4.5.3 Das CTE-Arbeitsprogramm.- 4.5.4 Aktueller Diskussionsstand.- 4.5.5 OEffentliche Kritik.- 4.6 Implikationen.- 4.6.1 Die Suche nach dem Ausgleich.- 4.6.2 Implikationen der Streitfalle.- 4.6.3 Politoekonomische Zusammenhange.- 4.6.4 Grenzen der Abwagung.- 5 Die EU, Umweltschutz und Handelspolitik.- 5.1 Umweltpolitik im Binnenmarkt.- 5.1.1 Die Entwicklung der Umweltpolitik in der EU.- 5.1.2 Die Rechtsgrundlagen europaischer Umweltpolitik.- 5.1.3 Umweltpolitik und politische Integration.- 5.1.4 Kritik und Unzulanglichkeiten europaischer Umweltpolitik.- 5.1.5 Der Europaische Gerichtshof und umweltpolitische Handelsmassnahmen.- 5.2 Die internationale Dimension europaischer Umweltpolitik.- 5.2.1 Die Entwicklung internationaler Umweltpolitik der Gemeinschaft.- 5.2.2 Die EU als Akteur.- 5.2.3 Das 5. Umweltaktionsprogramm - "Hin zu Nachhaltigkeit".- 5.3 Die internationale Handelspolitik der Gemeinschaft.- 5.3.1 Die Position der Gemeinschaft im Welthandel.- 5.3.2 Die Rechtsgrundlagen.- 5.3.3 Handelspolitische Instrumente.- 5.3.4 Allgemeine Aspekte der gemeinschaftlichen Handelspolitik.- 5.4 Die Gemeinschaft und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Umweltschutz und Handel.- 5.4.1 Die programmatische Diskussion uber Handel und Umwelt in der Gemeinschaft.- 5.4.2 Umweltpolitische Handelsmassnahmen der Gemeinschaft.- 5.4.3 Schlussfolgerungen.- 6 Schlussbetrachtung.- 6.1 Handelspolitische und umweltpolitische Konzepte.- 6.2 Die Wechselwirkungen in den zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen.- 6.3 Die WTO und di

As the demand for global energy increases, fact-based evaluations of alternative energy sources are needed in order to address the growing interest in how energy is produced, provided, and transported in sustainable ways. "Future Energy, Second Edition "provides scientists and decision makers with the knowledge they need to understand the relative importance and magnitude of various energy production methods in order to make the energy decisions needed for sustaining development and dealing with climate change. The second edition of "Future Energy" looks at the present energy situation and extrapolates to future scenarios related to global warming and the increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This thoroughly revised and updated edition contains over 30 chapters on all aspects of future energy, each chapter updated and expanded by expert scientists and engineers in their respective fields providing an unbiased and balanced view of the future of energy.
Provides readers with an up-to-date overview of available energy options, both traditional and renewable, as well as the necessary tools to make informed decisions regarding selection, use, and environmental impacts.Covers a wide spectrum of future energy resources presented in a single book with chapters written by experts of the particular fieldEleven new chapters including chapters on: solar heating, energy resources in developing nations and frontiers in oil and gas, Arctic drilling and unconventional oil and gas sources, thorium in nuclear fission, ethanol and other options for future transport fuel, fracking, smart grids, new batteries, environmental issues and the energy options for China

This collected volume deals with emerging issues related to climate variation, climate change and adaptation technologies, with a special focus on Latin American countries. Presenting a variety of adaptation strategies and projects currently being undertaken and implemented, the book showcases how Latin American nations are struggling to meet the challenges of climate change. Latin America as a whole and Central America in particular is one of the most vulnerable regions of the world and is severely affected by recurrent extreme climate-related events. This volume documents and analyzes the main challenges and lessons learned, serving to disseminate knowledge beyond the region and enhance international research and policy cooperation.