Paula A. Treichler has become a singularly important voice among the significant theorists on the AIDS crisis. Dissecting the cultural politics surrounding representations of HIV and AIDS, her work has altered the field of cultural studies by establishing medicine as a legitimate focus for cultural analysis. "How to Have Theory in an Epidemic" is a comprehensive collection of Treichler's related writings, including revised and updated essays from the 1980s and 1990s that present a sustained argument about the AIDS epidemic from a uniquely knowledgeable and interdisciplinary standpoint.
"AIDS is more than an epidemic disease," Treichler writes, "it is an epidemic of meanings." Exploring how such meanings originate, proliferate, and take hold, her essays investigate how certain interpretations of the epidemic dominate while others are obscured. They also suggest ways to understand and choose between overlapping or competing discourses. In her coverage of roughly fifteen years of the AIDS epidemic, Treichler addresses a range of key issues, from biomedical discourse and theories of pathogenesis to the mainstream media's depictions of the crisis in both developed and developing countries. She also examines representations of women and AIDS, treatment issues, and the role of activism in shaping the politics of the epidemic. Linking the AIDS tragedy to a uniquely broad spectrum of contemporary theory and culture, this collection concludes with an essay on the continued importance of theoretical thought for untangling the sociocultural phenomena of AIDS--and for tackling the disease itself.
With an exhaustive bibliography of critical and theoretical writings on HIV and AIDS, this long-awaited volume will be essential to all those invested in studying the course of AIDS, its devastating medical effects, and its massive impact on contemporary culture. It should become a standard text in university courses dealing with AIDS in biomedicine, sociology, anthropology, gay and lesbian studies, women's studies, and cultural and media studies.

"
"

Highly practical yet authoritative, the new edition of Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology has been thoroughly updated and revised in line with changing health concerns. This successful book continues to outline the tools available to the infectious disease student or clinician seeking a thorough background in the epidemiology of infectious and communicable diseases. Building on many case studies and practical scenarios included, the book then uses the tools learnt to illustrate the fundamental concepts of the study of infectious diseases, such as infection spread, surveillance and control, infectivity, incubation periods, seroepidemiology, and immunity in populations. New edition of this popular book, completely revised and updated Retains the clarity and down-to-earth approach praised in previous editions Successfully combines epidemiological theory with the principles of infectious disease treatment and control A highly experienced author brings a personal and unique approach to this important subject All students of epidemiology, infectious disease medicine and microbiology will find this text invaluable, ensuring its continued popularity.

Clinical Data Quality Checks for CDISC Compliance using SAS is the first book focused on identifying and correcting data quality and CDISC compliance issues with real-world innovative SAS programming techniques such as Proc SQL, metadata and macro programming. Learn to master Proc SQL's subqueries and summary functions for multi-tasking process. Drawing on his more than 25 years' experience in the pharmaceutical industry, the author provides a unique approach that empowers SAS programmers to take control of data quality and CDISC compliance. This book helps you create a system of SDTM and ADaM checks that can be tracked for continuous improvement. How often have you encountered issues such as missing required variables, duplicate records, invalid derived variables and invalid sequence of two dates? With the SAS programming techniques introduced in this book, you can start to monitor these and more complex data and CDISC compliance issues. With increased standardization in SDTM and ADaM specifications and data values, codelist dictionaries can be created for better organization, planning and maintenance. This book includes a SAS program to create excel files containing unique values from all SDTM and ADaM variables as columns. In addition, another SAS program compares SDTM and ADaM codelist dictionaries with codelists from define.xml specifications. Having tools to automate this process greatly saves time from doing it manually. Features SDTMs and ADaMs Vitals SDTMs and ADaMs Data CDISC Specifications Compliance CDISC Data Compliance Protocol Compliance Codelist Dictionary Compliance

A portion of the revenue from this book's sales will be donated to Doctors Without Borders to assist in the fight against COVID-19.The rapid spread of COVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact on modern health-care systems and has given rise to a number of complex ethical issues. This collection of readings and case studies offers an overview of some of the most pressing of these issues, such as the allocation of ventilators and other scarce resources, the curtailing of standard privacy measures for the sake of public health, and the potential obligations of health-care professionals to continue operating in dangerous work environments.

Genetic epidemiology is a rapidly developing field, and one in which epidemiologists and public health students now need to acquire considerable knowledge where, in the past, a minimal overview had sufficed. Yet, until now, there has been no current text appropriate for them. This major new book fills the gap, bringing together leading experts in the field to provide an introduction to genetic epidemiology that begins with a primer in human molecular genetics, requiring no substantive prior specialist knowledge. It continues through all the standard methods in population genetics and genetic epidemiology required for an excellent grounding in the field. The book contains discussion of the public health aspects of the new genetics, and of epidemiological methods for studying genes and environmental factors in complex diseases. An Introduction to Genetic Epidemiology also includes a glossary and guide for further reading.

An introduction to state-of-the-art modeling and simulation approaches for social and economic determinants of population health New Horizons in Modeling and Simulation for Social Epidemiology and Public Health offers a comprehensive introduction to modeling and simulation that addresses the many complex research questions in social epidemiology and public health. This book highlights a variety of practical applications and illustrative examples with a focus on modeling and simulation approaches for the social and economic determinants of population health. The book contains classic case examples in agent-based modeling (ABM) as well as essential information on ABM applications to public health including for infectious disease modeling, obesity, and tobacco control. This book also surveys applications of microsimulation (MSM) including of tax-benefit policies to project impacts of the social determinants of health. Specifically, this book: Provides an overview of the social determinants of health and the public health significance of addressing the social determinants of health Gives a conceptual foundation for the application of ABM and MSM to study the social determinants of health Offers methodological introductions to both ABM and MSM approaches with illustrative examples Includes cutting-edge systematic reviews of empirical applications of ABM and MSM in the social sciences, social epidemiology, and public health Discusses future directions for empirical research using ABM and MSM, including integrating aspects of both ABM and MSM and implications for public health policies Written for a broad audience of policy analysts, public planners, and researchers and practitioners in public health and public policy including social epidemiologists, New Horizons in Modeling and Simulation for Social Epidemiology and Public Health offers a fundamental guide to the social determinants of health and state-of-the-art applications of ABM and MSM to studying the social and economic determinants of population health.

The Vaccine Safety Manual (new, updated 2012 edition) is the worlds most complete guide to immunization risks and protection. It includes pertinent information on every major vaccine: polio, tetanus, MMR, hepatitis A, B, HPV (cervical cancer), Hib, Flu, chickenpox, shingles, rotavirus, pneumococcal, meningococcal, RSV, DTaP, anthrax, smallpox, TB, and more. All of the information, including detailed vaccine safety and efficacy data, is written in an easy-to-understand format, yet includes more than 1,000 scientific citations. More than 100 charts, tables, graphs and illustrations supplement the text. This encyclopedic health manual is an important addition to every family's home library and will be referred to again and again.

An application-based introduction to the statistical analysis of spatially referenced health data

Sparked by the growing interest in statistical methods for the analysis of spatially referenced data in the field of public health, "Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data" fills the need for an introductory, application-oriented text on this timely subject. Written for practicing public health researchers as well as graduate students in related fields, the text provides a thorough introduction to basic concepts and methods in applied spatial statistics as well as a detailed treatment of some of the more recent methods in spatial statistics useful for public health studies that have not been previously covered elsewhere.

Assuming minimal knowledge of spatial statistics, the authors provide important statistical approaches for assessing such questions as: Are newly occurring cases of a disease "clustered" in space? Do the cases cluster around suspected sources of increased risk, such as toxic waste sites or other environmental hazards? How do we take monitored pollution concentrations measured at specific locations and interpolate them to locations where no measurements were taken? How do we quantify associations between local disease rates and local exposures? After reviewing traditional statistical methods used in public health research, the text provides an overview of the basic features of spatial data, illustrates various geographic mapping and visualization tools, and describes the sources of publicly available spatial data that might be useful in public health applications.

Combine a working knowledge of epidemiology to your health and medical skills Every day, health promotion and disease prevention professionals interact with epidemiologists during the course of their practices. Investigations into the causes, distribution, and control of disease provide practitioners in the public and allied health fields with findings essential to dealing with patients and clients. This ongoing collaboration makes the need for communication through a common body of knowledge a matter of life--and death. Epidemiology for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Professionals presents you and your students with practical applications that incorporate up-to-date epidemiological findings into health promotion and disease prevention concepts. The book establishes an operational understanding not only for students in the public health, nursing, medicine, and environmental health fields, but also for future and current health and patient educators, fitness and exercise science specialists, and athletic and personal trainers. This comprehensive textbook includes a step-by-step guide to the epidemiological process, including surveillance and investigation, how studies and trials are conducted (and categorized), and how findings are used to plan, implement, and evaluate health promotion and disease prevention programs. Epidemiology for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Professionals includes: problem-solving strategies for investigations and studies links to supplemental Web sites chapter-ending knowledge tests that target health improvement and disease prevention Epidemiology for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Professionals provides students in the health, medical, and fitness fields with the working knowledge of epidemiology they will need as professionals and provides professionals with an understanding essential to their practices.

The neighborhoods and the biophysical, political, and cultural environments all play a key role in affecting health outcomes of individuals. Unequal spatial distribution of resources such as clinics, hospitals, public transportation, fresh food markets, and schools could make some communities as a whole more vulnerable and less resilient to adverse health effects. This somber reality suggests that it is rather the question of "who you are depends upon where you are" and the fact that health inequality is both a people and a place concern. That is why health inequality needs to be investigated in a spatial setting to deepen our understanding of why and how some geographical areas experience poorer health than others. This book introduces how spatial context shapes health inequalities. Spatial Health Inequalities: Adapting GIS Tools and Data Analysis demonstrates the spatial health inequalities in six most important topics in environmental and public health, including food insecurity, birth health outcomes, infectious diseases, children's lead poisoning, chronic diseases, and health care access. These are the topics that the author has done extensive research on and provides a detailed description of the topic from a global perspective. Each chapter identifies relevant data and data sources, discusses key literature on appropriate techniques, and then illustrates with real data with mapping and GIS techniques. This is a unique book for students, geographers, clinicians, health and research professionals and community members interested in applying GIS and spatial analysis to the study of health inequalities.

As a follow-up to COVID-19 in New York City: an Ecology of Race and Class Oppression, which showed that decades of discriminatory public policies shaped the Bronx into the epicenter of the first wave of COVID-19, this book examines the build up to the crest and subsequent ebbing of the second wave of COVID-19 across the 62 counties of New York State (NYS) and 152 ZIP Code areas of the four central boroughs of New York City (NYC). Like its predecessor, the sequel examines the vulnerabilities that give rise to spikes in infection rates that form epicenters. Unlike the first wave, NYC was not the epicenter of the second wave; high-incident counties just outside NYS formed an extended initial epicenter and exported COVID-19 to neighboring counties of NYS. Rural NYS counties differed significantly from urban ones socioeconomically and in infection rates during the cresting period. Before the crest, no socioeconomic factor was associated with county infection rates; rather, the major associating factor was political and cultural: percent of the 2020 vote garnered by Trump. Rural counties voted heavily for Trump. This association disappeared post-crest by mid-January 2021. In NYC, the Bronx again behaved like a single high-incidence entity, unlike the other three boroughs that had patches of high and low infection incidence. Among the topics covered: The Second COVID Wave Washes Over New York State The Second Wave Storm-Surges Across New York City Discussion of County Data from the Second Wave of COVID-19 Parsing Meaning From the 152 ZIP Code Data The book closes with a prescription for pandemic response planning based on empowered communities and workers interacting with health departments as equals. The Recurrence of COVID-19 in New York State and New York City is a valuable resource for social epidemiologists, public health researchers of health disparities, those in public service tasked with addressing these problems, and infectious disease scientists who focus on spread in human populations of new zoonotic diseases. The brief also will find readership among students in these fields, civil rights scholars, science writers, medical anthropologists and sociologists, medical and public health historians, public health economists, and public policy scientists.

This comprehensive text focuses on reasoning, critical thinking and pragmatic decision making in medicine. Based on the author's extensive experience and filled with definitions, formulae, flowcharts and checklists, this fully revised second edition continues to provide invaluable guidance to the crucial role that clinical epidemiology plays in the expanding field of evidence-based medicine. Key Features: * Considers evidence-based medicine as a universal initiative common to all health sciences and professions, and all specialties within those disciplines * Demonstrates how effective practice is reliant on proper foundations, such as clinical and fundamental epidemiology, and biostatistics * Introduces the reader to basic epidemiological methods, meta-analysis and decision analysis * Shows that structured, modern, argumentative reasoning is required to build the best possible evidence and use it in practice and research * Outlines how to make the most appropriate decisions in clinical care, disease prevention and health promotion Presenting a range of topics seldom seen in a single resource, the innovative blend of informal logic and structured evidence-based reasoning makes this book invaluable for anyone seeking broad, in-depth and readable coverage of this complex and sometimes controversial field.

This book deals with the prediction of possible future scenarios concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the well-known SIR model by Kermack and McKendrick a compartment model is established. This model comprises its own assumptions, transition rates and transmission dynamics, as well as a corresponding system of ordinary differential equations. Making use of numerical methods and a nonstandard-finite-difference scheme, two submodels are implemented in Matlab in order to make parameter estimations and compare different scenarios with each other.

Statistical methods that are commonly used in the review and approval process of regulatory submissions are usually referred to as statistics in regulatory science or regulatory statistics. In a broader sense, statistics in regulatory science can be defined as valid statistics that are employed in the review and approval process of regulatory submissions of pharmaceutical products. In addition, statistics in regulatory science are involved with the development of regulatory policy, guidance, and regulatory critical clinical initiatives related research. This book is devoted to the discussion of statistics in regulatory science for pharmaceutical development. It covers practical issues that are commonly encountered in regulatory science of pharmaceutical research and development including topics related to research activities, review of regulatory submissions, recent critical clinical initiatives, and policy/guidance development in regulatory science. Devoted entirely to discussing statistics in regulatory science for pharmaceutical development. Reviews critical issues (e.g., endpoint/margin selection and complex innovative design such as adaptive trial design) in the pharmaceutical development and regulatory approval process. Clarifies controversial statistical issues (e.g., hypothesis testing versus confidence interval approach, missing data/estimands, multiplicity, and Bayesian design and approach) in review/approval of regulatory submissions. Proposes innovative thinking regarding study designs and statistical methods (e.g., n-of-1 trial design, adaptive trial design, and probability monitoring procedure for sample size) for rare disease drug development. Provides insight regarding current regulatory clinical initiatives (e.g., precision/personalized medicine, biomarker-driven target clinical trials, model informed drug development, big data analytics, and real world data/evidence). This book provides key statistical concepts, innovative designs, and analysis methods that are useful in regulatory science. Also included are some practical, challenging, and controversial issues that are commonly seen in the review and approval process of regulatory submissions. About the author Shein-Chung Chow, Ph.D. is currently a Professor at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. He was previously the Associate Director at the Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dr. Chow has also held various positions in the pharmaceutical industry such as Vice President at Millennium, Cambridge, MA, Executive Director at Covance, Princeton, NJ, and Director and Department Head at Bristol-Myers Squibb, Plainsboro, NJ. He was elected Fellow of the American Statistical Association and an elected member of the ISI (International Statistical Institute). Dr. Chow is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics and Biostatistics Book Series, Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, New York. Dr. Chow is the author or co-author of over 300 methodology papers and 30 books.

Modern community psychiatry provides public sector psychiatric services to populations in efficient yet cost-effective ways. Increasingly, psychiatrists are applying the same methods and principles in the private sector as better organized managed systems of care are evolving. This book responds to this new interest by providing a thorough examination of community psychiatry. It places modern mental health services in their historical context, describes the methods and programs used to provide such services, and emphasizes integration between service components.
With contributions from some of the foremost authorities in the field of psychiatry, the book discusses the public health principles that underlie community approaches, and present the methods used within the several components of a comprehensive service system in order to address the needs of specific populations, stressing interdisciplinary teamwork and coordination within an integrated service network. In addressing target populations, whether they be the residents of specific geographic areas, or special populations such as homeless people or AIDS victims, community psychiatry deals not only with interactions between clinicians and patients but also with the systems that enable these interactions and services to be provided effectively. In modern community psychiatry, success, measured by cost-effectiveness rather than by its faithfulness to any particular theoretical model, is achieved through interdisciplinary teamwork and the involvement of consumers. This book describes the history of public mental health services and the scientific underpinnings of modern community psychiatry in epidemiology, mental health servicesresearch and administration. It will be of interest to those in the field of psychiatry interested in the methods and strategies used to provide the range of services that constitute a comprehensive mental health porogram.

This innovative text for graduate and undergraduate nursing students fills a void in global health nursing literature by providing essential tools and strategies for building and sustaining productive international partnerships. Based on the premise that partnership is paramount for sustainable outcomes, the book demonstrates how nurses can build sustainable health programs that will improve health outcomes worldwide. Written by two highly experienced global nurses, the book offers expert guidance gained from many years of successful involvement in international collaboration that is supported by detailed real-life examples. It will be of particular interest to nurse educators who undertake projects with their students to ensure that both students and host partners are able to meet their collaborative goals. Additionally, the text provides information that will help nurse educators to perpetuate a successful educational program even after they depart or funding ends.

Case studies from many different perspectives demonstrate positive change effected by nurses working across international boundaries and within their own countries. The text builds on the Conceptual Framework for Partnership and Sustainability in Global Health Nursing developed by Leffers and Mitchell (2010). Additionally, the book reflects the focus on global health competence for nurses in the future (IOM, 2011) as well as that of the American Academy's of Nursing's recently established committee on Global Health.

Key Features: Provides expert, essential guidance for nurses who work internationally to build successful partnerships for sustainable programs Recommends global solutions to the challenges facing international nursing collaboration Includes detailed case studies of successful collaboration Based on the Conceptual Framework for Partnership and Sustainability in Global Health Nursing Chapters end with reflective questions challenging the reader to apply "lessons learned."

Collecting and analyzing data on unemployment, inflation, and inequality help describe the complex world around us. When published by the government, such data are called official statistics. They are reported by the media, used by politicians to lend weight to their arguments, and by economic commentators to opine about the state of society. Despite such widescale use, explanations about how these measures are constructed are seldom provided for a non-technical reader. This Measuring Society book is a short, accessible guide to six topics: jobs, house prices, inequality, prices for goods and services, poverty, and deprivation. Each relates to concepts we use on a personal level to form an understanding of the society in which we live: We need a job, a place to live, and food to eat. Using data from the United States, we answer three basic questions: why, how, and for whom these statistics have been constructed. We add some context and flavor by discussing the historical background. This book provides the reader with a good grasp of these measures. Chaitra H. Nagaraja is an Associate Professor of Statistics at the Gabelli School of Business at Fordham University in New York. Her research interests include house price indices and inequality measurement. Prior to Fordham, Dr. Nagaraja was a researcher at the U.S. Census Bureau. While there, she worked on projects relating to the American Community Survey.

Effectively Assess Intervention Options for Controlling Infectious Diseases Our experiences with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Ebola virus disease (EVD) remind us of the continuing need to be vigilant against the emergence of new infectious diseases. Mathematical modeling is increasingly used in the management of infectious disease control as a way to assess interventions relatively quickly, cheaply, and safely. Modeling to Inform Infectious Disease Control shows readers how to take advantage of these models when developing strategies to mitigate infectious disease transmission. The book presents a way of modeling as well as modeling results that help to guide the effective management of infectious disease transmission and outbreak response. It discusses the requirements for preventing epidemics and ways to quantify the impact of preventative public health interventions on the size and dynamics of an epidemic. The book also illustrates how data are used to inform model choice. Accessible to readers with diverse backgrounds, this book explains how to gain insight into the management of infectious diseases through statistical modeling. With end-of-chapter exercises and glossaries of infectious disease terminology and notation, the text is suitable for a graduate-level public health course. Supplementary technical material is provided at the end of each chapter for readers with a stronger background in mathematics and an interest in the art of modeling. In addition, bibliographic notes point readers to literature in which extensions and more general results can be found.

A practical and clarifying approach to aging and aging-related diseases Providing a thorough and extensive theoretical framework, The Biostatistics of Aging: From Gompertzian Mortality to an Index of Aging-Relatedness addresses the surprisingly subtlenotion with consequential biomedical and public health relevance of what it means for acondition to be related to aging. In this pursuit, the book presents a new quantitative methodto examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to mortality anddisease incidence in a population. With input from evolutionary biology, population genetics, demography, and epidemiology, this medically motivated book describes an index of aging-relatedness and also features: * Original results on the asymptotic behavior of the minimum of time-to-event random variables, which extends those of the classical statistical theory of extreme values * A comprehensive and satisfactory explanation based on biological principles of the Gompertz pattern of mortality in human populations * The development of an evolution-based model of causation relevant to mortality and aging-related diseases of complex etiology * An explanation of how and why the description of human mortality by the Gompertz distribution can be improved upon from first principles * The amply illustrated analysis of real-world data, including a program for conducting the analysis written in the freely available R statistical software * Technical appendices including mathematical material as well as an extensive and multidisciplinary bibliography on aging and aging-related diseases The Biostatistics of Aging: From Gompertzian Mortality to an Index of Aging-Relatedness is an excellent resource for practitioners and researchers with an interest in aging and aging-related diseases from the fields of medicine, biology, gerontology, biostatistics, epidemiology, demography, and public health.

Translated from the third edition of a French original, this is the most complete dictionary devoted specifially to the terms currently used in pharmacoepidemiology. Radically reorganised from earlier editions, practically all definitions have been reworked, often in the light of comments from pharmacoepidemiologists currently using the existing versions.

• Written by an internationally renowned author
• An essential compliment to dictionaries of epidemiology
• Definitions are well illustrated with practical examples

R is now the most widely used statistical package/language in university statistics departments and many research organisations. Its great advantages are that for many years it has been the leading-edge statistical package/language and that it can be freely downloaded from the R web site. Its cooperative development and open code also attracts many contributors meaning that the modelling and data analysis possibilities in R are much richer than in GLIM4, and so the R edition can be substantially more comprehensive than the GLIM4 edition. This text provides a comprehensive treatment of the theory of statistical modelling in R with an emphasis on applications to practical problems and an expanded discussion of statistical theory. A wide range of case studies is provided, using the normal, binomial, Poisson, multinomial, gamma, exponential and Weibull distributions, making this book ideal for graduates and research students in applied statistics and a wide range of quantitative disciplines.

This book details all aspects of sequential clinical trials from preliminary planning, through the monitoring of the trial, to the final analysis of the results. Emphasis is placed on the triangular test and other procedures based on straight line stopping boundaries. These methods allow for frequent or occasional interim analyses and permit the analysis of a wide variety of patient responses. Alternative procedures are also covered in detail, and these include -spending function methods, repeated confidence intervals and Bayesian approaches to sequential clinical trials.