This ambitious book by one of the most original and provocative thinkers in science studies offers a sophisticated new understanding of the nature of scientific, mathematical, and engineering practice and the production of scientific knowledge.
Andrew Pickering offers a new approach to the unpredictable nature of change in science, taking into account the extraordinary number of factors--social, technological, conceptual, and natural--that interact to affect the creation of scientific knowledge. In his view, machines, instruments, facts, theories, conceptual and mathematical structures, disciplined practices, and human beings are in constantly shifting relationships with one another--"mangled" together in unforeseeable ways that are shaped by the contingencies of culture, time, and place.
Situating material as well as human agency in their larger cultural context, Pickering uses case studies to show how this picture of the open, changeable nature of science advances a richer understanding of scientific work both past and present. Pickering examines in detail the building of the bubble chamber in particle physics, the search for the quark, the construction of the quarternion system in mathematics, and the introduction of computer-controlled machine tools in industry. He uses these examples to address the most basic elements of scientific practice--the development of experimental apparatus, the production of facts, the development of theory, and the interrelation of machines and social organization.

For a sophomore/junior level course called either Human factors Engineering or Ergonomics. Taught in Industrial Engineering Departments or Mechanical Engineering.

A reference book written by a practicing ergonomics engineer, explores the “why” and “how” of human engineering/ergonomics.

Automatic machines or smart robots are interconnected with distributed knowledge bases by nation- or world wide digital networks. They are supporting human life in various places, at the same time saving energy and resources. Technology and economic development are effecting rapid changes depending on the fields, regions and culture to the way people interact with the systems, while sometimes keeping, otherwise forsaking their own traditions. Man machine systems have to create new interaction styles between human and machine intelligence, support cooperation among different organizations and enhance situation understanding for the long and short term, or remote and local activities regarding performance, safety, security and satisfaction. The seventh IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA symposium on Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems was held in Kyoto on September 16-18, 1998. At the symposium, 99 papers were presented including four plenary papers among 131 submissions.

"The more we know about smart and intelligent systems and their use, the more productive organizations can become, and the more quality of life will improve."-Gavriel Salvendy, President Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine of Florida, University Distinguished Professor University of Central Florida" "Robots, drones, self-driving cars, and personal assistants are only some of the 'intelligent' and 'smart' systems which are populating our world and changing the way we use technology to carry out our everyday activities, bringing about both exciting opportunities for human-technology symbiosis, as well as compelling design and development challenges. Through a carefully selected choice of chapters, authored by top scientists in the field, this book, edited by Abbas Moallem, sheds light on fundamental aspects of intelligent and smart systems, investigating the role and impact of affective and psychophysiological computing, machine learning, cybersecurity, agent transparency, and human-agent teaming in the shaping of this new interaction paradigm, as well as the human factors involved in their application in critical domains such as health, education, and manufacturing in the emerging technological landscape."-Constantine Stephanidis, Professor of Computer Science, University of Crete, Distinguished member of Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH) In today's digital world, the words "smart" and intelligent" are now used to label devices, machinery, systems, and even environments. What is a "smart" system? Is "smart" synonymous with "intelligent"? If not, what does an "intelligent system" mean? Are all smart systems intelligent? This book tries to answer these questions by summarizing the existing research in various areas and providing new research findings. Smart and Intelligent Systems: The Human Elements in Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Cybersecurity presents new areas of smart and intelligent system design. It defines smart and intelligent systems, offers a human factors approach, discusses networking applications, and combines the human element with smart and intelligent systems. This book is perfect for engineering students in data sciences and artificial intelligence and practitioners at all levels in the fields of human factors and ergonomics, systems engineering, computer science, software engineering, and robotics.

Designing successfully for people in the world's coldest climates demands a broad understanding of site conditions and their unique social context. Until now such knowledge often lay unarticulated in the minds of a few experienced practitioners or in the disappearing traditions of aboriginal peoples.

This collection of papers illustrates how concepts, theories and techniques from experimental psychology can be applied in the domain of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). An experimental psychological basis for cognitive ergonomics is presented, built on a foundation of theoretical and experimental research. In addition, various issues in cognitive ergonomics are closely examined, including performance in specific interactive tasks - such as computer programming and program debugging. Other subject areas covered include database interrogation, text editing and graphics design.

The barrage of data overload is threatening the ability of people to effectively operate in a wide range of systems including aircraft cockpits and ground control stations, military command and control centers, intelligence operations, emergency management, medical systems, air traffic control centers, automobiles, financial and business management systems, space exploration, and power and process control rooms. All of these systems need user interfaces that allow people to effectively manage the information available to gain a high level of understanding of what is currently happening and projections on what will happen next. They need systems designed to support situation awareness. Addressing the information gap between the plethora of disorganized, low-level data and what decision makers really need to know, Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to User-Centered Design, Second Edition provides a successful, systematic methodology and 50 design principles for engineers and designers seeking to improve the situation awareness of their systems' users based on leading research on a wide range of relevant issues. See what's new in the Second Edition: Significantly expanded and updated examples throughout to a wider range of domains New Chapters: Situation Awareness Oriented Training and Supporting SA in Unmanned and Remotely Operated Vehicles Updated research findings and expanded discussion of the SA design principles and guidelines to cover new areas of development Mica R. Endsley is a pioneer and world leader in the study and application of situation awareness in advanced systems. Debra G. Jones work is focused on designing large-scale and complex systems to support situation awareness and dynamic decision making. Completely revised and updated, liberally illustrated with actual design examples, this second edition demonstrates how people acquire and interpret information and examines the factors that undermine this process. Endsley and Jones distill their expertise and translate current research into usable, applicable methods and guidelines.

This book addresses two extremely important aspects of workplaces, namely, noise and ergonomics. Its thirteen chapters present and discuss theoretical and practical issues involving noise and/or ergonomics, covering a wide and diverse spectrum of working environments that directly affect thousands of workers around the world. The design of the environment is discussed through the relationship between ergonomics and architecture, revealing that the efficient integration between these factors allows us to outline boundaries in the search for solutions to the various specificities of the organisation and its different workplaces. The analytical techniques used throughout the book are widely diverse and include in-situ acoustic measurements, computer simulations and analysis of noise perception. The various working environments evaluated herein include schools, universities, health care facilities, fitness centres, factories, open plan offices, and urban buses.

In this revised new edition of his core textbook, Bob Bridger gives a comprehensive introduction to ergonomics as the study of the relationship between people and their working environment, and sets out the fundamental principles and key applications of the discipline.
The reader needs only minimal scientific background knowledge, since the anatomical and physiological foundations of the subject are presented in the introductory chapters. The rest of the subject is explained in a range of social and technological contexts, including: anthropometry, biomechanics and workspace design; office work, manual handling and repetitive work; physical workload, fatigue and stress; physiological methods; environmental factors which affect productivity and health; human information processing and task performance; control and display design; cognitive ergonomics and human-machine interaction, including the internet; human error, accidents and safety; and organisational and psychosocial design of work.
New questions are included at the end of each chapter, along with new sections on "Economic Benefits"and a glossary of scientific terms. An instructor's manual gives answers to the questions in the book and provides guidance on teaching and assessment, and this is also available from the publisher. There is a new emphasis on the teaching of implementable skills, with more worked examples in the main text and in the manual (such as how to estimate spinal compression and compression tolerance limits, NIOSH equation, RASH predictions, DSE and manual handling evaluations) and more case studies illustrate the text.
The book fits well with the requirements for the registration of ergonomists and provides a balanced introduction of ergonomics for new students and professionals

Key Selling Points The first book to showcase physical representations of data, and the first to discuss the creative process behind them. Approaches the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective, showcasing a range of creative approaches from computer science, data science, graphic design, art, craft, and architecture. The book is heavily visual and illustrates each project and the process of creating it via rich photos and sketches, which are accessible and inspiring for both enthusiasts and experts.

This book covers the application of psychological principles and techniques to situations and problems of aviation. It offers an overview of the role psychology plays in aviation, system design, selection and training of pilots, characteristics of pilots, safety, and passenger behavior. It covers concepts of psychological research and data analysis and shows how these tools are used in the development of new psychological knowledge. The new edition offers material on physiological effects on pilot performance, a new chapter on aviation physiology, more material on fatigue, safety culture, mental health and safety, as well as practical examples and exercises after each chapter.

This book outlines the new concept of user engineering and covers the diversity of users, along with the business process that includes the design and the user's experience processes. Although the concept of user experience (UX) has become popular, the definition and the methodology are still ambiguous. User engineering is similar to the user-centered design, but differs in that its scope is not limited to the design process but concerns the whole manufacturing process and the whole usage process, i.e., the whole lifecycle of an artifact. User's perspective is strongly emphasized in this book, hence, its stance is far from that of the marketing approach that usually fails to notice the life and experiences of users after the purchase of an artifact as consumers. Theory of User Engineering differentiates between the quality in design and the quality in use, and the objective quality characteristics and the subjective quality characteristics. In addition to the user research using ethnographic methods, the author introduces a new approach based on the artifact evolution theory that can be adopted in the planning stage.

This book covers a wealth of knowledge from experts and informed stakeholders on the best ways to understand, prevent, and control fall-related risk exposures. Featured are subjects on: (1) a public health view of fall problems and strategic goals; (2) the sciences behind human falls and injury risk; (3) research on slips, trips and falls; (4) practical applications of prevention and protection tools and methods in industrial sectors and home/communities; (5) fall incident investigation and reconstruction; and (6) knowledge gaps, emerging issues, and recommendations for fall protection research and fall mitigation.

The ways in which organizations make use of information available to them to make decisions and manage activity is an essential topic of investigation for human factors. When the information is uncertain, incomplete or subject to change, then decision making and activity management can become challenging. Under such circumstances, it has become commonplace to use the concept of sensemaking as the lens through which to view organizational behavior. This book offers a unique perspective on sensemaking through its consideration of the variety of ways in which Incident Response is managed by the Police. As an incident moves from the initial call handling to subsequent mobilization of response to first officer attending, a wide range of information is acquired, processed and shared, and the organization (and individuals who work within it) face challenges of making sense of the situation to which they are responding. Moving from routine incidents to large-scale emergencies, the authors explore how sensemaking is influenced and affected by the challenges of interoperability within and between organizations. In addition, the book develops a view of sensemaking which draws on the theory of distributed cognition, focusing in particular on the question of how the technology that is available to Police personnel can support (and sometimes thwart) their ability to make sense of the unfolding situation. The main argument in this book is that sensemaking is distributed cognition, and that cognitive processes involved in sensemaking are mediated through interactions with artifacts and other agents. Three perspectives of sensemaking as distributed cognition are presented: making sense with artifacts, making sense through artifacts, and making sense through collaboration.

Currently people deal with various entities (such as hardware, software, buildings, spaces, communities and other people), to meet specific goals while going about their everyday activities in work and leisure environments. These entities have become more and more complex and incorporate functions that hitherto had never been allocated such as automation, use in virtual environments, connectivity, personalization, mobility and friendliness. This book contributes to the analysis of human-system interactions from the perspective of ergonomics, regardless of how simple or complex they are, while incorporating the needs of users and workers in a healthy safe, efficient and enjoyable manner. This book provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art of current ergonomic in design methods and techniques that are being applied to products, machinery, equipment, workstations and systems while taking new technologies and their applications into consideration. Ergonomics in Design: Methods and Techniques is organized into four sections and 30 chapters covering topics such as conceptual aspects of ergonomics in design, the knowledge of human characteristics applied to design, and the methodological aspects of design. Examples are shown in several areas of design including, but not limited to, consumer products, games, transport, education, architecture, fashion, sustainability, biomechanics, intelligent systems, virtual reality, and neurodesign. This book will: Introduces the newest developments in social-cultural approaches Shows different ergonomics in design methodological approaches Divulges the ways that ergonomics can contribute to a successful design Applies different subjects to support the design including -ergonomics, engineering, architecture, urbanism, neuro, and product designs. Presents recent technologies in ergonomic design, as applied to product design. With the contributions from a team of 75 researchers from 11 countries, the book covers the state-of-the-art of ergonomics in a way to produce better design.

Projects overspend and overrun. Business cases perform less well than expected. Managers tighten their grip and initiate more procedure. But little changes and the scenario repeats, and it has done so for decades. Losing other peoples' money and goodwill is almost an innate characteristic of projects. This may be a norm but it need not be the natural state of affairs. In Project Risk Analysis, Derek Salkeld shows how easily assimilated techniques developed out of formal risk analysis methods can be used to increase the chances of projects being delivered to the oft quoted objective of on time and to budget, to quality and to popular acceptance. These techniques need to be understood by managers so that they can foresee the benefits of directing their teams to carry them out, and so they can inform their clients about the potential consequences of the investments they wish to make and how the project team plan to assure these. The three parts of the book explain how you can: c calculate the funding required for a simple, short project using risk based methods to generate answers that are more accurate than traditional estimating c apply the techniques to inform an investment decision for a major project, taking into account whole of life costs, operations and revenues c design and implement specific management controls that will assure the outcomes of the investment decisions. Risk and opportunity are inherent in projects and yet, whilst many organizations invest heavily in project management methodologies and processes, few project sponsors, project board members or managers understand the effect these might have. The approach taken in the book is to understand how the risk and opportunity in a project will affect its funding requirements and its business case outcomes, and to use this understanding to devise management controls that will benefit both the investor and the project manager. This is essential reading for anyone concerned with adding value to projects, programmes and the organizations for which they are delivering them.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Easy-to-implement advice for comfortable, productive work environments

"Safety Managers Guide to Office Ergonomics" offers easy-to-follow, non-technical advice that helps you prevent on-the-job injury. You'll learn how to create comfortable, productive working environments as well as resolve employee discomfort before discomfort becomes a debilitating injury. With some fifteen years of experience in office ergonomics, author Craig Chasen has performed more than 4,000 ergonomic evaluations of employees and their work environments, which form the foundation of the book.

"Safety Managers Guide to Office Ergonomics" guides you through the ergonomic evaluation process and then logically organizes employee discomfort by the body part affected. Using his own ergonomic evaluations as case studies, the author enables you to hear how employees express a particular discomfort and visualize the posture and workstation set-up that caused or contributed to the complaint. Each case ends with easy-to-implement solutions to resolve the discomfort. Because ergonomic solutions are specific to an individual's size, work activities, and workstation configuration, the author provides several scenarios for each area of discomfort, helping you tailor your solution to the specific needs of an employee. This book also helps you evaluate and purchase office equipment that enables employees to work as comfortably and productively as possible.

Written in straightforward language, "Safety Managers Guide to Office Ergonomics" is ideal for anyone responsible for creating and managing a healthy work environment. Even if you are not responsible for others, you'll find that this book's helpful advice enables you to avoid on-the-job injury and work as comfortably as possible.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This is a fully revised and updated edition of the 1993 title Ergonomics for Beginners. It provides an excellent practical primer for anyone approaching the subject for the first time with the aim of bringing benefits to the performance of tasks in work and domestic environments. Embracing the concepts of designing tasks and the environment for human comfort and satisfaction as well as for optimum performance, the book shows, in an easy and accessible fashion, the steps by which managers, workers and users can achieve an appropriate balance.
The authors have extensively revised this new edition, maintaining the size and flavour that made the first edition so successful, and replacing out-of-date material with new insights and raising the emphasis placed on computing-related ergonomics.
This renowned text is will be essential reading for all those people who need a basic, easy-to-follow guide to the subject of ergonomics and human factors working in a variety of occupations including psychology, design, engineering, management, health, occupational health and safety, human-computer interaction and ergonomics. Essential!

eBook available with sample pages: 0203212096

How well do our designed environments - the places and spaces where we live, work and play - meet our aesthetic and functional needs? Increasingly, the distinction between the spaces considered public and private or work and home are becoming more blurred. As a result, innovative designs are needed to meet the challenges of our ever-changing environment. Our streets, parks, dwellings and tools are designed to a ""one-size-fits-all"" standard, and the responses of the design community to meet diverse needs have been mixed at best. This work offers feminist critiques of these inadequate design standards, and suggests ideas, projects and programmes for change. Each contributor asks how we might think differently and more inclusively about human needs in the environments in which we live and work. The interdisciplinary essays reflect the writers' diverse fields - architecture, planning, industrial and graphic design, and architectural, urban and design history. Essays cover such subjects as rethinking the American city, graphic design and the urban landscape, working at home, special needs in housing, theories of women and design, redesigning architectural education, and a photoessay on industrial designs. A review essay of the literature in these fields rounds out the collection.

This is a special order for the RAF and will be delivered direct to them. This edition of the book will never come into the Aldershot warehouse and will not be available for sale other than to the RAF.

Environmental and risk issues are symptomatic of deep-seated social and cultural tensions and transformations in the fabric of contemporary societies. This major contribution to the study of risk, ecology, and the place of social theory in making sense of the environment helps us to understand the politics of ecology and the place of social theory in making sense of environmental issues. The book provides insights into the complex dynamics of change in so-called risk societies. In this volume, the issues of risk and environment are explored at three levels. The contributors offer a critical assessment of dominant institutional ways of thinking and talking about risk and counterpose these with more open, self-critical approaches. They explore individuals' sense of risk and its expression in collective insecurities and they show how political thinking and debate on risk and environmentalism has been, and can further be, transformed. Wide-ranging and accessible, Risk, Environment & Modernity contains contributions from leading scholars, including Ulrich Beck, author of Risk Society. It will rapidly establish itself as the key text in the field and will be required reading by students of sociology, political science, geography, and environmental studies. "This is the strongest edited collection on the relationship between modernity, risk and the environment to be published to date and it deserves a place on the book shelf of every one who takes these issues seriously. Perhaps more importantly this book needs to be read by everyone who thinks that existing responses will ultimately 'solve the environmental problem.' The editors present the collection as a slow manifesto capable of transforming the reductionism and realism they see dominating both natural and social scientific approaches to the environment. In twelve essays, organized into three sections, considerable progress is made toward this ambitious goal. . . . This is a book with an important message one can only hope that it is read and widely debated." --a prepublication review in Environmental Politics