This book covers important aspects of the field of food security and safety, ranging from fundamental production, through advanced water treatment technologies and detection of novel pollutants, to management and policy making. The discussion strives to develop an integrated approach to solving the associated problems by simultaneously considering sociological, ecological and economic aspects. Special focus is on the environmental management systems that should be integrated in the processes of environmental risk assessment. Also addressed are other technologies applied in the service of detecting, preventing and monitoring possible threats to food security and safety. With its variety of subjects, this volume can serve both as a textbook for advanced studies and as a useful reference source for professionals.

This book introduces readers to both seed treatment and seedling pretreatments, taking into account various factors such as plant age, growing conditions and climate. Reflecting recent advances in seed priming and pretreatment techniques, it demonstrates how these approaches can be used to improve stress tolerance and enhance crop productivity. Covering the basic phenomena involved, mechanisms and recent innovations, the book offers a comprehensive guide for students, researchers and scientists alike, particularly Plant Physiologists, Agronomists, Environmental Scientists, Biotechnologists, and Botanists, who will find essential information on physiology and stress tolerance. The book also provides a valuable source of information for professionals at seed companies, seed technologists, food scientists, policymakers, and agricultural development officers around the world.

The first edition of this book rapidly established itself as a prime source of highly practical technical information on this important class of food ingredients. This edition recognizes that the technical demands on ingredients continue to grow rapidly as food manufacturers strive for greater safety, reliability and profitability. Technical information is provided on the application of thickening and gelling agents, and extended coverage is provided on applications modifications, demanded by customers, such as improved freeze-thaw and chill-stablility.

Following the great success of the first edition, this thoroughly revised and updated volume continues to provide a highly practical and comprehensive review of the sugar confectionery manufacturing industry. The authors, who are internationally recognized experts in their fields, draw on many years experience in providing a digestible account. Divided into sections covering the production and properties of raw materials, manufacturing processes, and other technical aspects of the subject, many of the original chapters have been totally rewritten and reorganized to reflect today's market.

Proceedings of the First Symposium held in Yamagata, Japan, June 16, 1994

Metal protectin, including both metal treatments and coating systems. affords mutual protection for both can and contents. this book is the first reference to meld the knowledge of chemical companies and canmaking companies, covering materials and processes used in both protective and decorative aspects of metal packaging. Topics include basic substrates (aluminum and steel), demands of the markets served, basic metal-forming processes, and the specific decorative and protctive needs of different packaging types, with emphasis give to the technologies most likely to be used, such as ultraviolet curing. This practical reference gives readers a backround and familiarity with terminology and technology and gives insight into why certain technologies are used over others.

Coffee Biotechnology and Quality is a comprehensive volume containing 45 specialised chapters by internationally recognised experts. The book aims to provide a guide for those wishing to learn about recent advances in coffee cultivation and post-harvest technology. It provides a quantitative and rational approach to the major areas of coffee research, including breeding and cloning, tissue culture and genetics, pest control, post-harvest technology and bioconversion of coffee industry residues into commercially valuable products. The chapters review recent experimental work, allowing a conceptual framework for future research to be identified and developed. The book will be of interest to researchers and students involved in any area of coffee research. Consequently, plant breeders, microbiologists, biotechnologists and biochemical engineers will find the book to be a unique and invaluable guide.

Mycotoxins, from the Greek "mukes" referring to fungi or slime molds and toxin from the Latin "toxicum" referencing a poison for arrows, have earned their reputation for being potentially deleterious to the health and well being of a consuming organism, whether it be animal or human. Unfortunately, mycotoxins are a ubiquitous factor in the natural life cycle of food producing plants. As such, control of the potential impact of mycotoxins on food safety relies heavily upon accurate analysis and surveys followed by commodity segregation and restricted use or decontamination through processing. The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive and current information on the topic of mycotoxins and assuring food safety. Chapters represented in the book reflect such diverse topics ranging from occurrence and impact, analysis, reduction through processing and plant breeding, toxicology and safety assessments to regulatory perspectives. Authors represent a range of international perspectives.

Introduction to Nutrition and Health Research aims to fill a critical gap in dietetics, nutrition and health education literature by providing a comprehensive guide to conducting research and understanding the research of others. Using actual articles, this book teaches how researchers identified problems; how they framed those problems; and how they reported, interpreted and implemented their findings. Step by step, the chapters cover an overview of the process, statistical and measurement concepts, types of research (including experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive, and qualitative research), how to present results and computer techniques for data analysis. While this book is primarily aimed at masters and doctoral level students and beginning researchers, it will also have strong appeal for teachers, technicians and counselors.

The central theme for this volume was chosen since consumers have great interest in purchasing low fat, low salt and reduced cholesterol meat, poultry and fish products. As in past volumes, experts in the field have been chosen to write chapters with emphasis on their breadth of knowl edge in each specific area. Efforts were also made to obtain authors from different countries in order to give the book a worldwide perspective. Chapter I stresses the nutritional and sensory properties that meat, poultry and fish products make to healthful diets and discusses consumer concerns about these products. Chapter 2 covers dietary recommendations in major consumer nations, along with data from food composition tables and the dietary contributions of meat, poultry and fish to meeting dietary needs. Chapter 3 discusses the labeling of low and reduced fat/salt prod ucts which, although written mainly from the US viewpoint, may serve as a model for labeling in other countries. Chapter 4 reviews the rationale for reducing fat-energy levels in muscle foods, problems encountered in their production and how these may be solved. Chapter 5 discusses the scientific basis for reducing the salt (sodium) content in food products and the health benefits derived from lowering salt intake. Methods of reducing the cholesterol content of these animal products is reviewed in Chapter 6."

In response to the worldwide health problems caused by nutritional zinc deficiency, coupled with the remarkable advances in our knowledge of zinc metabolism, the author has written this monograph on the clinical effects of this important mineral. Dr. Prasad focuses on biochemical aspects, but also includes chapters on toxicity and assessment techniques in order to provide clinicians who encounter zinc related problems in their practice with a practical reference source.

The 13th edition of A complete course in canning is ready for distribution for those interested in the canning, glass packing, and aseptic processing industries. This book has been totally revised and updated by Dr Donald Downing.
The books are a technical reference and textbooks for students of food technology; food plant managers; product research and development specialists; Food equipment manufacturers and salesmen; brokers; and food industry suppliers. The three books contain a total of over 1650 pages.
Dr Donald Downing, Professor of food processing, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, has brought together many subjects, heretofore unpublished, as a unit. The objective was to make the books so comprehensive that they cover all phases of processing and so complete that they could be used as textbooks in food technology courses, as well as reference manuals and instruction books for all the food processing industry, lay individuals, as well as the professional food technologist.
This new edition has been totally revised and expanded over previous editions, having new sections, new products and processes, and covers subjects from creating a business plan and planning a food processing operation, through processing and into the warehousing of the finished product.

The 13th edition of A complete course in canning is ready for distribution for those interested in the canning, glass packing, and aseptic processing industries. This book has been totally revised and updated by Dr Donald Downing.
The books are a technical reference and textbooks for students of food technology; food plant managers; product research and development specialists; Food equipment manufacturers and salesmen; brokers; and food industry suppliers. The three books contain a total of over 1650 pages.
Dr Donald Downing, Professor of food processing, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, has brought together many subjects, heretofore unpublished, as a unit. The objective was to make the books so comprehensive that they cover all phases of processing and so complete that they could be used as textbooks in food technology courses, as well as reference manuals and instruction books for all the food processing industry, lay individuals, as well as the professional food technologist.
This new edition has been totally revised and expanded over previous editions, having new sections, new products and processes, and covers subjects from creating a business plan and planning a food processing operation, through processing and into the warehousing of the finished product.

The first edition of Cold and Chilled Storage Technology was prepared at a time when great changes were taking place in the industry that were hard to put into clear perspective. For example, the CFClozone layer problem was identified, the Montreal Protocol was signed and experts from many disci plines were already proposing 'solutions' to the problems seen at the time. Not only were there the usual differences in approach to the problems, there were different understandings of the problems themselves. For in stance, some authoritative voices were saying HCFC 22 was 'part of the solution, not part of the problem' and recommending it as the main refrig erant for the future, others said the opposite. As editor, I have taken the view that this should be a 'reference book' and, as such, it should contain information that points in the direction of tried and proven good practice. To avoid the risk of misdirecting readers, I decided that the CFC issue was too unclear to be usefully discussed in the first edition and left it out altogether. This was the main criticism of the first edition at the time of its publication but, in view of the developments since then, I stand by my decision to avoid premature comment in that instance. The matter is discussed in this edition in Chapters 4 and 7, which include summaries of other related factors, in a way that was certainly not possible in 1989."

During the past decade, consumer demand for convenient, fresh-like, safe, high-quality food products has grown. The food industry has responded by applying a number of new technologies including high hydrostatic pressure for food processing and preservation. In addition, food scientists have demonstrated the feasibility of industrial-scale high pressure processing. This technology is of specific interest to the food industry because it provides an attractive alternative to conventional methods of thermal processing, which often produce undesirable changes in foods and hamper the balance between high quality (color, flavor, and functionality) and safety. In addition, it offers opportunities for creating new ingredients and products because of the specific actions of high pressure on bio logical materials and food constituents. It allows food scientists to redesign exist ing processes and to create entirely new ones using high pressure technology alone or in combination with conventional processes (e. g., pressure-temperature combinations ). Researchers have investigated high pressure processing for the past century. Scientists such as Hite and Bridgman did pioneering work at the turn of the 20th century. Then during the 1980s and 1990s, there was a large effort to investigate the effects of high pressure on biological materials, particularly foods. The initial research activities in the late 1980s and early 1990s focused on exploratory activ ities in the food area."

Non-thermal (cold) plasmas at atmospheric pressure have recently found many breakthrough applications in biology, medicine, and food security. Plasmas can efficiently kill bacteria, yeasts, moulds, spores, biofilms and other hazardous microorganisms, including potential bio-terrorism agents. They can be employed for bio-decontamination and sterilization of surfaces, medical instruments, water, air, food, even of living tissues without causing their damage. Direct or indirect plasma interaction with living cells of microorganisms or even humans enables novel bio-medical applications, e.g. treatment of skin diseases and ulcers. Plasma-enhanced blood coagulation coupled with its antiseptic properties proved success in wound healing and opens new possibilities in surgery, emergency medicine and military applications. Plasma treatment allows cell manipulations, their removal and targeted transfer into the injured area, which can accelerate wound healing. Plasma induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) of tumor cells brings forth a great potential for cancer treatment. Besides, plasma enables painless treatment of dental caries, root canal disinfection, and other dentistry applications. This book is a selection of reviewed manuscripts issuing from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop Plasma for bio-decontamination, medicine and food security held in Jasna, Slovakia, on 15-18 March 2011. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and research activities focused at the plasma applications in areas such as bio-decontamination, water chemistry, effects on cells; biofilm inactivation, UV sterilization, and medicine, especially tissue treatment and wound healing, as well as dentistry and food security.

Polysaccharide Systems are of interest to a wide range of scientists and technologists, because of their special rheological properties. This book brings together research from all relevant disciplines to provide a link between rheological theory and industrial applications. The book begins with a comprehensive survey of the structure of polysaccharides, from molecular conformations in the solid state to supramolecular structures in solutions and gels. Chaper 2 reviews the main applications of polysaccharides in industry as specialty chemicals. The third chapter draws together the basic concepts of rheology and the different approaches to the modeling of rheological behaviors. Chapter 4 deals with the rheology of polysaccharide systems in detail and the final chapter is concerned with experimental measurements and instrumentation. Recommendations are made for the choice of suitable instruments and correct treatment of data. This is an essential reference source for chemical engineers, chemists and technologists, in the food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, textile, coatings and cosmetic industries. It will also be of value to academics researching in these areas.

The 13th edition of A complete course in canning is ready for distribution for those interested in the canning, glass packing, and aseptic processing industries. This book has been totally revised and updated by Dr Donald Downing.
The books are a technical reference and textbooks for students of food technology; food plant managers; product research and development specialists; Food equipment manufacturers and salesmen; brokers; and food industry suppliers. The three books contain a total of over 1650 pages.
Dr Donald Downing, Professor of food processing, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, has brought together many subjects, heretofore unpublished, as a unit. The objective was to make the books so comprehensive that they cover all phases of processing and so complete that they could be used as textbooks in food technology courses, as well as reference manuals and instruction books for all the food processing industry, lay individuals, as well as the professional food technologist.
This new edition has been totally revised and expanded over previous editions, having new sections, new products and processes, and covers subjects from creating a business plan and planning a food processing operation, through processing and into the warehousing of the finished product.

Technologies to Recover Polyphenols from AgroFood By-products and Wastes: Applications in Different Fields covers the most used technologies to extract and recover polyphenols from all kinds of by-products and wastes generated by the food industry, restaurant and agricultural sectors. Polyphenols are characterized by different AgroFood by-products and waste sources, hence this book explores the practical applications of these polyphenols in the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Containing definitions, case studies, applications, literature reviews, and coverage of recent developments, this book will be a welcomed resource for food scientists, including those working in sustainability, agriculture and engineering.

Promoting Responsive Feeding During Breastfeeding, Bottle-Feeding, and the Introduction to Solid Foods addresses how caregiver feeding practices and styles shape the quality and outcome of feeding interactions during infancy. Emphasis is placed on how the quality and nature of caregiver-child interactions during breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, and the introduction to solid foods shape the development of children's eating behaviors, growth trajectories and chronic disease risk. The book also considers the potential influence of broader contextual factors on early feeding interactions, including how psychological, social, cultural and economic factors may influence caregivers' abilities to implement feeding recommendations.

The best-selling first edition of this contributed book established itself as a highly practical and authoritative source of information on shelf-life evaluation. Every food manufacturer is concerned about shelf life, as are the major retailers and ingredient suppliers. Increasing consumer interest in food safety, quality and date marking, competitive pressures from retailers and extensive legislative changes have combined to give this subject new significance. A proper evaluation of shelf life must be grounded on sound scientific prinicles, supported by up-to-date techniques. This book begins with six chapters reviewing the principles of shelf-life evaluation, followed by ten chapters on a number of selected food products such as chilled yogurt and other dairy desserts, seafood, and meat. The latest edition has been expanded to include new chapters on HACCP, preservation technology and shelf life, and minimally processed, ready-to-eat ambient-stable meat products. Sufficient information on the principles and practice of shelf life evaluation has been included for the beginner as well as for those who are more experienced in this area.

Fermented Beverage Production, Second Edition is an essential resource for any company producing or selling fermented alcoholic beverages. In addition it would be of value to anyone who needs a contemporary introduction to the science and technology of alcoholic beverages. This authoritative volume provides an up-to-date, practical overview of fermented beverage production, focusing on concepts and processes pertinent to all fermented alcoholic beverages, as well as those specific to a variety of individual beverages. The second edition features three new chapters on sparkling wines, rums, and Latin American beverages such as tequila, as well as thorough updating of information on new technologies and current scientific references.

Reprint of Winery Utilities: Planning, Design and Operation. This is the first reference to integrate the basic planning, design and operational function of the many support systems that make a winery operate successfully. The author, an expert on wineries, gathers the essential elements of the major energy, water, wastewater, communication, solid waste, fuel, and fire protection groups and each other of their important subcategories, into one solid source. Comprehensive, easy-to-use chapters in this book provide winery principles with: The necessary tools on how to avoid regulatory agency problems when obtaining use permits and meeting building code requirements at the planning stage. Useful guidelines for designing utilities for eventual expansion to meet anticipated production measures or for checking options for system upgrading or improvement. Helpful comparisons of utility systems or subsystems that work against those that do not and why. Contemporary environmental constraints and methods for minimizing environmental disruption in the design of utilities.

This is the first book to cover in a comprehensive way, the conduct and structure of the international sugar industry from cultivation right through to end use. The authors look in detail at the workings of the growing and production sector and the trends in world production, consumption and trading of sugar. Important sections consider the policies of the world's major sugar producers and the likely future developments of the trade in the light of the developments in Eastern Europe and China, and in the substitute sugar sweetener products. The book will be an invaluable reference source for sugar producers and traders and for all those involved in the financial, advisory and investment communities.
Published in association with the International Sugar Organization

Process control is a significant topic for all engineers responsible for industrial processing operations. This book introduces the reader to the range of process control techniques as applied to food and agricultural systems. It begins with an introduction to process modeling and control. Fundamental methods of process control are carefully explained in sections from dynamic modeling to control designing and implementation. The different methods of process control are accompanied by examples of application specific to food and agricultural industries.