The final quality of a food product is impacted heavily by preservation technologies, such as chilling, freezing, and freeze-drying, as well as the numerous pretreatments that are routinely applied to foods. Adequate design and implementation of each of these treatments are critical to ensuring the integrity of the final food product, the productivity of the equipment, and reduced operation costs. Operations in Food Refrigeration explores the fundamental issues involved in heat and mass transfer in food refrigeration and examines aspects of other operations applied to chilled or frozen foods. Following an overview of basic concepts and general calculation procedures involved in cooling, freezing, thawing, and freeze-drying, the book discusses: Sizing, peeling, cutting, sorting, and blanching fruits and vegetables Pretreatments for meats, including tenderization, electrical stimulation, portioning, curing, and smoking Pretreatments for fish and other seafood Processing of poultry Air and osmotic partial dehydration, infusion of special nutrients, and the concentration of juices Traditional chilling and freezing methods Special precooling and freezing techniques The effects of thawing on food, factors that influence the choice and design of thawing processes, and various thawing methods Freeze-drying equipment Each chapter is written by a recognized specialist and can serve as a stand-alone resource for the particular topic. Several chapters present case studies that can be used for developing processes or in teaching applications. Processors, researchers, and educators in the food industry will find this volume to be an invaluable reference for a host of food operations.

Many naturally occurring compounds from foods such as rice, vegetables, fruits, and animal products possess properties that help to slow disease progression, inhibit pathophysiological mechanisms, or suppress activities of pathogenic molecules. Proteins and peptides play significant roles in such activities and are gaining importance as nutraceuticals that benefit numerous aspects of health and nutrition. Bioactive Food Proteins and Peptides: Applications in Human Health provides a human health perspective on food-derived proteins and peptides. It describes the potential for large-scale production with advances in technology and proposes challenges and opportunities for the future of health, nutrition, medicine, and the biosciences. The book begins by addressing properties related to chemistry and bioactivity. It examines proteins and peptides as allergens, antihypertensive agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. It also discusses findings on the bioavailability and toxicity of food-derived peptides and intestinal functions. Next, the contributors present information on therapeutic peptides. They discuss recent developments in proteomics, bioavailability, and opportunities for designing future peptide-based foods. Providing a comprehensive review of bioactive proteins and peptides obtained from food sources, the book brings together the most up-to-date and essential information from eminent researchers from all over the world. Academics, food scientists and technologists, nutritionists, biochemists, persons in industry, and government researchers and regulators will find this book to be an essential resource for new data and developments.

Increased public awareness of the importance of healthy living presents new challenges for the commercial food processing sector. The industry is always on the hunt for novel and safe additives with functional properties that can be used to impart healthy and appealing properties to foods. While the ocean is known as a conventional source of fish proteins and lipids, it is yet to be tapped as a source of polysaccharides. A clear exposition on how these resources can be developed, Marine Polysaccharides: Food Applications compiles recent data on the food applications of marine polysaccharides from such diverse sources as fishery products, seaweeds, microalgae, microorganisms, and corals. The book begins with discussions on the isolation of polysaccharides from marine sources and their properties, particularly those important from a food technology point of view. It then focuses on the actual food applications of these compounds and concludes with a brief examination of biomedical applications. The author presents an overview of the general functional properties of polysaccharides, including their structure; their hydration, gelation, emulsification, and rheological properties; and interactions among themselves and with other food components such as proteins that are relevant to food processing. He then explores the isolation and food-related properties of various marine polysaccharides, use of these polysaccharides in food product and biopackaging, recent developments in composite films and nanotechnology, and safety and regulatory issues. While there are many books available on polysaccharides, few address the applications of marine polysaccharide food product development. Written from a realistic, practical point of view avoiding technical jargon, this book highlights the ocean not as a conventional source of fish protein and lipids, but as a major supplier of versatile carbohydrates that can have diverse food applications.

The first 90 years of vitamin E research has produced prolific and notable discoveries, but until the last few decades, attention has been given mostly to the biological activities and underlying mechanisms of alpha-tocopherol, which we now know is one of more than eight vitamin E isomers. Currently, the non-tocopherol vitamin E molecule tocotrienol has reached a new measure of research height: more than one-third of all vitamin E tocotrienol research of the last 30 years has been published since 2009. The thriving field of tocotrienol research gives ground for publication of Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols, Second Edition, a compilation of the latest tocotrienol research in all new chapters. Highlights Established research, including prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer Emergent research, including angiogenesis, bioavailability, bone health, gastric injury, inflammation, life extension, and skin health Tocopherol interference with tocotrienol functions All new chapters and many new contributors Recognized as potent antioxidants, tocotrienols play a role in cholesterol reduction, tumor suppression, reversal of arteriosclerosis, and protection of the heart against oxidative stress. Compiling contributions from leading researchers, this book overviews tocotrienols, and examines their sources, chemistry, and mechanisms of action. Contributors discuss the role of tocotrienols in the treatment and prevention of cancer and in cardiovascular health, diabetes, and other hormone regulation by tocotrienols. In addition, the book addresses animal and in vitro as well as mechanistic and pre-clinical studies. Dr. Tan discusses the benefits of tocotrienol in a YouTube video.

This book provides industry insights and fresh ideas for the advancement of the most vital global industry - food. Drawing on their industry and academic expertise the authors have identified three controlling aspects of food business operations that can unleash long term success: consumer health and wellbeing; product and process sustainability; and harnessing advances in digitalization.. If developed to their maximum potential these factors have the capability to revolutionize the food sector. Food Industry 4.0 highlights advancement opportunities for the food manufacturing sector, including innovation in products, processes and services, as it seeks to combine productive, efficient and sustainable practices. The contents address: Mapping data, new approaches for food system applications. The perfect meal and making a balanced global diet possible. Industry 4.0 applications in the food sector: robotics and automation, big data, Internet of Things, cybersecurity. Resource utilization in the food manufacturing sector. Resilience and sustainability in food supply chains. Environmental and social governance in our food system. It is of significant benefit to food industry practitioners working in operational and product development roles, academic researchers, policy makers, students, and food sector professionals.

Flavonoids exert a multiplicity of biological effects on humans and can have beneficial implications for numerous disease states. Flavonoids and Related Compounds: Bioavailability and Function examines current knowledge regarding the absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of individual flavonoids and related phenolic compounds. Profiling the latest evidence of their impact on various human pathological conditions, the book summarizes current thinking with regard to the biotransformation and conjugation of individual compounds in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, large intestine, and cells. It highlights a topic that has been largely ignored-namely the extent to which dietary phenolics components undergo metabolism in the large intestine. It also explores the generation of bacterially derived metabolites. Individual chapters discuss which metabolites enter the circulatory system and are likely to offer protective actions against human diseases. Edited by internationally recognized leaders in the field, the book presents contributions by a panel of experts who demonstrate the potential of flavonoids in ameliorating a range of disease states, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The research presented in this volume provides a reliable starting point for further inquiry and experimentation.

The wine industry appears to be an anomaly within the modern global economy. Thousands of small companies provide a vast variety of highly differentiated products and compete successfully with multinational corporations. Using case studies from Bordeaux, Napa Valley and Chianti Classico, this book argues that rather than being a vestige or a serendipitous phenomenon, this variety results from a sophisticated alternative organization of production. Integrating differentiation and branding into Ostrom's common pool resource theory, Jerry Patchell shows how winegrowers in a territory can use self-governance to protect and promote their common reputation while enhancing each producer's ability to differentiate their wines and build their own brand. Bordeaux, Napa, and Chianti Classico share several common challenges, but develop a set of strategies and tools appropriate to their markets and regulatory contexts.

Food safety and quality are primary concerns in the food manufacturing industry. Written by an author with more than 35 years' experience in the food industry, Food Plant Sanitation: Design, Maintenance, and Good Manufacturing Practices, Second Edition provides completely updated practical advice on all aspects of food plant sanitation and sanitation-related food safety issues. It offers readers the tools to establish a food safety system to help control microbiological, physical, and chemical hazards. Understanding that sanitation is integral to food safety is the foundation for an effective food safety system. Beginning with that premise, this book presents some of the key components for such a system. The chapters address testing for and control of microorganisms in food manufacturing, including recent challenges in the industry due to pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. They also offer discussions on biofilms, regulatory requirements from the European Union, allergens, sanitary facility design, and describe proven best practices for sanitation as well as current sanitary requirements and regulatory changes from the FDA and USDA. In addition, the author presents methods for verifying sanitation. The final chapters identify good manufacturing practices for employees and present a comprehensive pest management plan, including control measures and chemical interventions. The book concludes with strategies for preventing chemical and physical food safety hazards. This reference provides a practical perspective for implementing food plant sanitation and safety processes. The author has included, wherever possible, examples of procedures, forms, and documents to help novice food safety and quality professionals develop effective food safety systems.

Reconnecting so-called alternative food geographies back to the mainstream food system - especially in light of the discursive and material 'transgressions' currently happening between alternative and conventional food networks, this volume critically interrogates and evaluates what stands for 'food politics' in these spaces of transgression now and in the near future and addresses questions such as: What constitutes 'alternative' food politics specifically and food politics more generally when organic and other 'quality' foods have become mainstreamed? What has been the contribution so far of an 'alternative food movement' and its potential to leverage further progressive change and/or make further inroads into conventional systems? What are the empirical and theoretical bases for understanding the established and growing 'transgressions' between conventional and alternative food networks? Offering a better understanding of the evolving position of the corporate food system vis a vis alternative food networks, this book considers the prospects for economic, social, cultural and material transformations led by an increasingly powerful and legitimated alternative food network.

Series Information:
Series in Chemical and Mechanical Engineering

Sweeteners are forever in the news. Whether it's information about a new sweetener or questions about one that has been on the market for years, interest in sweeteners and sweetness continues. Completely revised and updated, this fourth edition of Alternative Sweeteners provides information on new, recently evaluated, and numerous other alternatives to sucrose. This edition retains the successful format that made previous editions so popular. The discussion of each sweetener includes production, physical characteristics, utility and relative sweetness compared to sucrose, technical qualities, admixture potential, application, availability, shelf life, general cost and economics, metabolism, carcinogenicity and other toxicity evaluation data, cariogenicity evaluations, and regulatory status. Scientists and food technologists have been researching sweeteners and sweetness for more than 100 years. The number of approved sweeteners has increased substantially in the last three decades. Food product developers now have a number of sweeteners from which to choose in order to provide more product choices to meet the increasing demand for good-tasting products that have reduced calories. With contributions from experts who develop, make, and use the sweeteners, this book draws together the latest information into a convenient resource that can bring researchers closer to developing the ideal sweetener.

Since the publication of the first edition of this text, ever-increasing coatings research has led to many developments in the field. Updated and completely revised with the latest discoveries, Edible Coatings and Films to Improve Food Quality, Second Edition is a critical resource for all those involved in buying, selling, regulating, developing, or using coatings to improve the quality and safety of foods. Topics discussed in this volume include: The materials used in edible coatings and films The chemical and physical properties of coatings and how the coating or film ingredients affect these properties How coatings and films present barriers to gases and water vapors How coatings and films can improve appearance, or conversely, result in discoloration and cause other visual defects, as well as how to avoid these problems The use of coatings and films on fresh fruit and vegetables, fresh-cut produce, and processed foods How to apply coatings to various commodities How coatings can function as carriers of useful additives, including color, antioxidants, and flavorings Regulation of coatings and coating ingredients by various governing bodies The information contained in this volume is destined to encourage further advances in this field for food and pharmaceutical products. Aggressive research into these products can help to reduce plastic waste, improve applications, lead to greater efficacy, and make regulatory decisions easier in a global climate-ultimately resulting in economical, heightened quality of food and pharmaceutical products.

Many factors are relevant in making the proper choice of food packaging material, including those related to shelf life and biodegradability. To meet these demands, new processing and preservation techniques have arisen, most notably modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and active packaging (AP). Modified Atmosphere and Active Packaging Technologies presents an overview of the current status of MAP and AP, exploring techniques, methodologies, applications, and relevant legislation. For clarity and easy reference, the book is divided into seven convenient sections: Principles, Materials, Gases, and Machinery for MAP provides a basic overview of the topic and defines modified atmosphere, controlled atmosphere, and active packaging. Safety and Quality Control of MAP Products examines the effect of MAP on various foods and discusses governmental control mechanisms to ensure food safety. Applications of MAP in Foods of Animal Origin explores how MAP can be used in fish, meat, poultry and dairy products. Applications of MAP in Foods of Plant Origin discusses MAP for cereals, minimally processed vegetables, fruits, and bakery products. Other Applications of MAP reviews MAP's use in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and coffee, tea, beer, and snack foods. Active Packaging and its New Trends examines issues related to nanotechnology and bioactive packaging. Consumer Behavior/Sensory Analysis and Legislation covers legislation in the European Union, the United States, and Canada and presents conclusions and new issues on the horizon. From the very basics (films, gases, techniques, and applications) up to the latest advances (nanotechnology and bioactive compounds), this book covers nearly all issues related to MAP and AP, providing an essential reference for food scientists and engineers, agriculturalists, chemists, and all those on the cutting edge of food packaging.

The book has covered recent techniques on bio-intensive integrated approaches of horticultural pest's management. An attempt to compile information on non-chemical ways of pest management strategies including agronomic approaches to physical, mechanical, biopesticides, biocontrol agents, biorational pesticides etc. which are non harmful to environment and economically viable has been made. This book is a useful reference material for organic product producing farmers, researchers and students who are involved in bio-intensive pest management strategies. Note: T& F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.

While the phenomenon of embodied knowledge is becoming integrated into the social sciences, critical geography, and feminist research agendas it continues to be largely ignored by agro-food scholars. This book helps fill this void by inserting into the food literature living, feeling, sensing bodies and will be of interest to food scholars as well as those more generally interested in the phenomenon known as embodied realism. This book is about the materializations of food politics; "materializations", in this case, referring to our embodied, sensuous, and physical connectivities to food production and consumption. It is through these materializations, argues Carolan, that we know food (and the food system more generally), others and ourselves.

There is an increasing interest in plants of the Moringa genus used as a source of phytochemicals with biopharmaceutical potential, as a functional ingredient in many products and as an additive in poultry feeding stocks. Biological and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Moringa is the first publication to comprehensively assess the latest research on Moringa studies. This book reviews recent studies covering the botanical, agronomical, genomic, biotechnological, and ethnopharmacological aspects. It presents specialized work in a user-friendly way that will appeal to undergraduates, graduates and researchers primarily in ethnopharmacology, functional foods and with a linkage to veterinary treatments. Key Features: Describes the ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical use of plants from all Moringa species Presents recent information that will be helpful for the future development of biopharmaceuticals Reviews the phytochemical content from all Moringa species Assesses the potential of all Moringa species as a functional ingredient

Foodborne Diseases: Case Studies of Outbreaks in the Agri-Food Industries defines the context of foodborne disease across a range of food sectors. It provides insight into the causes and management of outbreaks along with practical lessons about foodborne disease prevention strategies relevant to stakeholders throughout the food supply chain. Individual chapters capture the epidemiological and traceback investigations of foodborne disease outbreaks in a wide range of food sectors that include fresh produce, dairy and eggs, and meat products, to complex food ingredients and products within the food manufacturing and food service sectors. Under each food category, case studies of real outbreaks are presented, along with lessons learned in the way they were managed for future control of foodborne disease outbreaks. The authors look at management of outbreaks across borders and consider how both local and international authorities dealt with the issues in each case. They focus on real-life microbiological/chemical-associated outbreaks and provide insights on how the outbreaks occurred and, if possible, how they were traced to the source of contamination. Each outbreak is unique, and readers are given the distinctive circumstances associated with different hazards, challenges faced during epidemiological and environmental investigations, risk communication to the general public, and insights into outbreak management. The authors cover the entire food supply chain, including a chapter on animal feed safety. A chapter on fraud and foodborne outbreaks considers scenarios where food industries, food services, and other stakeholders commit food adulteration, which ultimately leads to foodborne illnesses. Outbreak management and prevention strategies are key parts of each case study.

Practical Applications of Physical Chemistry in Food Science and Technology provides comprehensive information, original research, and reports on scientific advances in practical applications of physical chemistry in food science and technology, making a special emphasis on incorporating sustainable development goals. This book demonstrates the potential and actual developments in the design and development of physical chemistry strategies and tools for the food science and technology. Chapters cover many topics in this field, including nutritional and pharmaceutical properties and analysis, electroanalytical and electrochemical techniques, valorization of food residues, bioactives and bioactivities, separative extraction, microencapsulation, nanoemulsions, and much more. Several chapters address how the food industry generates a large amount of agroindustrial waste that seriously affects the environment and present mitigation strategies and technology to use these agroindustrial waste products to produce bioactive compounds that can add value to food products. Certain fruit and vegetable species are discussed as a potential new source for its use their raw materials of use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

Due to the indigenous knowledge of pre-Colombian indigenous tribes and the new methods introduced by the immigrants arriving from Europe and other continents, a wide variety of fermented foods are produced in Latin America. In this book, we have collected information about the Latin American experience in the production of dairy, meat and wine. Special focus has been given to fermented fruits and vegetables as it is part of the genetic heritage of the South American continent. Pre-Columbian knowledge on preparation of various fermented food products is covered in the book.

A broad overview of foodborne infectious diseases, this book covers recent outbreaks, highlighting the food sources and pathogens involved. It also examines foodborne infectious diseases in travelers that are not commonly seen in the United States, outbreak investigation, sources and vehicles of foodborne pathogens as well as diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of foodborne infectious diseases. The authors explore the relationship between antibiotic use in animal food and its effects on human health, and the use of "good bacteria" in food to promote health and treat disease.

While emulsions have long been a staple in the food industry, nano-scale emulsions are a newer phenomenon, and this book describe the techniques involved in nanoemulsion characterization, mainly dealing with interfacial and nanostructural characterization of nanoemulsions; different physical characterization techniques. It is suitable for Professionals from industry, regulatory bodies, scientific institutions and academics with expertise in food science, materials engineering, process engineering, pharmacy, and colloid and interface science It can be sold with Food Emulsions: Principles, Practices, and Techniques, Third Edition (9781498726689) and Food Applications of Nanotechnology (9780815383819).

The aim of food processing is to produce food that is palatable and tastes good, extend its shelf-life, increase the variety, and maintain the nutritional and healthcare quality of food. To achieve favorable processing conditions and for the safety of the food to be consumed, use of food grade microbial enzymes or microbes (being the natural biocatalysts) is imperative. This book discusses the uses of enzymes in conventional and non-conventional food and beverage processing as well as in dairy processing, brewing, bakery and wine making. Apart from conventional uses, the development of bioprocessing tools and techniques have significantly expanded the potential for extensive application of enzymes such as in production of bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides and lipids, flavor and colorants. Some of these developments include extended use of the biocatalysts (as immobilized/encapsulated enzymes), microbes (both natural and genetically modified) as sources for bulk enzymes, solid state fermentation technology for enzyme production. Extremophiles and marine microorganisms are another source of food grade enzymes. The book throws light on potential applications of microbial enzymes to expand the base of food processing industries.

Botanicals, which have been part of human food and medicine for thousands of years, are perceived as being safer than synthetic pharmaceuticals. The global botanical drug market was expected to reach $26.6 billion by 2017. In terms of FDA regulations, botanical drugs are no different from non-botanical products, having to meet the safety and effectiveness standards of a new drug in accordance. This book comprises a complete start-to-end process from drug-idea conception, to drug development process. Key Features: Provides a complete compendium for botanical drug products Describes what BDP is and how it differs from Pharma, Biopharma, and Nutraceuticals Compiles all critical regulatory steps in a variety of countries Discusses clinical trial management for BDP development and how it differs from conventional chemical-based drugs and biopharmaceutics

Over the last 20-30 years the number of food poisoning incidents has increased considerably and this has had disastrous effects both on consumers and the food industry. Several food industries went bankrupt due to huge amounts of money paid to compensate consumers' family/relatives. These unfortunate incidents triggered consumer and governmental awareness of food crises. In EU, for instance, an organization called EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) was established and its role is to deal with foods' and feeds' crises within the frame of RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Feeds and Foods). This system's intent is to inform in a timely manner all the directly involved partners (food companies, laboratories, governmental officers) and also to monitor the measures/actions undertaken to minimize both the extent and the intensity of the caused defect. The best policy to solve a crisis is to recall affected products. However, an effective and rapid recall presupposes the proper functioning of traceability. The latter is a prerequisite of current legislation (Regulation 178/2002). Traceability can be based either on EAN (European Article Number) -8,-9, -12, -13 and -128 or RF-ID (Radio Frequency Identification). Although the usage of RF-ID is more expensive than that of EAN, it is preferred in the case of animals and fish. Once the animal has been cut to pieces, all the previous information stored in the RF-ID can be passed to EAN-128. This book aims at addressing five major issues: food traceability; food authenticity techniques and methods to detect potential adulteration; application of authenticity techniques and methods to foods of animal origin; legislation regarding traceability and authenticity in EU, USA, Canada, Japan, and Australia-NZ; and trends and suggestions for further research in food traceability and authenticity. A second book, entitled Authenticity of foods of plant origin and genetically modified organisms, will follow this book. This book is expected to be useful to academicians, industrialists, students of food science and technology, veterinarians, and technicians specialized in food technology.