This unique text provides comprehensive coverage of betalains, outlining the specific makeup and uses of this plant. The chapters provide deep insight into the biosynthesis, structures, pharmacokinetics, stability, extraction, health benefits and occurrence in nature of betalains. As the first major reference work to focus specifically on betalains, this book serves as an important reference for any researcher looking for insights into the use of betalains as functional foods, food coloring agents, and nutraceuticals. Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects outlines the chemical structure of betalains, including their occurrence in nature. The utilization of of these plants as natural color in food and beverages is covered in depth, as are the intake and secretion of betalains in the human body. The various factors affecting the stability of betalains are described, including their stability when used in food products. Current health related uses for these plants are outlined, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory uses. The isolation and purification of these plants, plus analysis techniques, are outlined. In providing extensive coverage of betalains and their uses, this text presents a singular work which is of major value for a wide range of researchers.

This book provides an overview of ethical issues arising in connection with progress made in food biotechnology. There is substantive discussion of the ethical issues referring to food safety, animal welfare, environmental impact, ownership of intellectual property, and consumer perception of the product. The arguments for and against issues causing major concern are evaluated, advancing the quality of the debate. It will be of interest to companies exploiting the new biotechnology techniques, government policy makers, food scientists and biotechnologist in academic research institutions.

This book aims to assess, evaluate and critically analyze the methods that are currently available for a judicious pest management in durable food. It presents and analyzes a vast amount of methods that are already in use in "real world" industrial applications. After the phase-out of methyl bromide, but also the withdrawal of several insecticides and the continuously updated food safety regulations, there is a significant knowledge gap on the use of risk-reduced, ecologically-compatible control methods that can be used with success against stored-product insect species and related arthropods. The importance of integrated pest management (IPM) is growing, but the concept as practiced for stored products might differ from IPM as historically developed for field crops. This book discusses a wide variety of control strategies used for stored product management and describes some of the IPM components. The editors included chemical and non-chemical methods, as both are essential in IPM. They set the scene for more information regarding emerging issues in stored product protection, such as emerging, alien and invasive species as threats for global food security, as well as the importance of stored-product arthropods for human health. Finally, the analysis of the economics of stored product protection is presented, from theory to practice.

This new edition of a highly successful book retains the emphasis on the practical approach to rancidity in foods which was the hallmark of the previous editions. There has been substantial revision to bring existing chapters up-to-date with current techniques and the inclusion of additional chapters on spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis of oxidation, legislative and labeling aspects, and HACCP in the avoidance of rancidity. There are also new chapters on rancidity in fish and in confectionery products.

This book offers a broad perspective on the issue of world hunger, analyzing the long-term data on food production from 1885 to the present. Exploring evidence of the validity of Malthusian theory throughout history, the book documents those cases where innovations in food-producing technologies were adopted in response to population pressures and crises of hunger.

There is a growing global awareness of the link between good diet and health. This fascinating book reviews various functional foods or nutraceuticals and the bio-active compounds they contain in order to identify the role of bioactive compounds such as nisin, micronutrients, and hydrocolloids in the diet in overall human health. It also provides up-to-date information on functional elements like antioxidants, dietary fibres, pre & probiotics, vitamins and mineral-enriched foods in the human diet. Consisting of fifteen chapters, the book offers a systematic review of the key factors in the preparation of functional foods from selected sources, and also describes the processing, preservation and packaging of a range of functional food products. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers working in the field of food science, food technology, and nutrition, as well as for industry experts.

An Aspen Food Engineering Series Book. This new reference work in the Food Engineering Series covers basic and new information and issues, and new and refined existing technologies in the preservation of fruits and vegetables with a minimum of processing. It begins with a section on detecting and controlling good and harmful microorganisms in fruits and vegetable tissues, then surveys a range of preservation technologies, talks about new technologies being developed in landmark multinational projects, and ends by covering the legal aspects of minimally processed produce in the United States, Europe, South America, and Asia.

A variety of processing methods are used to make foods edible; to pennit storage; to alter texture and flavor; to sterilize and pasteurize food; and to destroy microorganisms and other toxins. These methods include baking, broiling, cooking, freezing, frying, and roasting. Many such efforts have both beneficial and harmful effects. It is a paradox of nature that the processing of foods can improve nutrition, quality, safety, and taste, and yet occasionally lead to the formation of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds. These multifaceted consequences of food processing arise from molecular interactions among nutrients with each other and with other food ingredients. Since beneficial and adverse effects of food processing are of increasing importance to food science, nutrition, and human health, and since many of the compounds formed have been shown to be potent carcinogens and growth inhibitors in animals, I organized a symposium broadly concerned with the nutritional and toxicological consequences of food processing. The symposium was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) -Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) for its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., April 1-5, 1990. Invited speakers were asked to develop at least one of the following topics: 1. Nutrient-nonnutrient interactions between amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, tannins, fiber, natural toxicants, etc. 2. Effects of radiation. 3. Thermally induced formation of dietary mutagens, antimutagens, carcinogens, anticarcinogens, antioxidants, and growth inhibitors. 4. Effects of pH on nutritional value and safety.

This open access book develops a framework for advancing agroecology transformations focusing on power, politics and governance. It explores the potential of agroecology as a sustainable and socially just alternative to today's dominant food regime. Agroecology is an ecological approach to farming that addresses climate change and biodiversity loss while contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals. Agroecology transformations represent a challenge to the power of corporations in controlling food system and a rejection of the industrial food systems that are at the root of many social and ecological ills. In this book the authors analyse the conditions that enable and disable agroecology's potential and present six 'domains of transformation' where it comes into conflict with the dominant food system. They argue that food sovereignty, community-self organization and a shift to bottom-up governance are critical for the transformation to a socially just and ecologically viable food system. This book will be a valuable resource to researchers, students, policy makers and professionals across multidisciplinary areas including in the fields of food politics, international development, sustainability and resilience.

Chemistry for Sustainable Development in Africa gives an insight into current Chemical research in Africa. It is edited and written by distinguished African scientists and includes contributions from Chemists from Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern, Central and Island state African Countries. The core themes embrace the most pressing issues of our time, including Environmental Chemistry, Renewable Energies, Health and Human Well-Being, Food and Nutrition, and Bioprospecting and Commercial Development. This book is invaluable for teaching and research institutes in Africa and worldwide, private sector entities dealing with natural products from Africa, as well as policy and decision-making bodies and non-governmental organizations.

As discussed in this book, a large body of evidence indicates that selenium is a cancer chemopreventive agent. Further evidence points to a role of this element in reducing viral expression, in preventing heart disease, and other cardiovascular and muscle disorders, and in delaying the progression of AIDS in HIV infected patients. Selenium may also have a role in mammalian development, in male fertility, in immune function and in slowing the aging process. The mechanism by which selenium exerts its beneficial effects on health may be through selenium-containing proteins. Selenium is incorporated into protein as the amino acid selenocysteine. Selenocysteine utilizes a specific tRNA, a specific elongation factor, a specific set of signals, and the codeword, UGA, for its cotranslational insertion into protein. It is indeed the 21st naturally occurring amino acid to be incorporated into protein and marks the first and only expansion of the genetic code since the code was deciphered in the mid 1960s.

Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry fully documents all aspects of the modern solar winery, beginning with the main drivers (environmental, economic and political) and detailing the current winemaking industry and solar technologies available. It details the various energy demands in the winemaking process from harvest to bottling and beyond. Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry catalogues the range of wineries globally that have installed a substantial solar collecting system and uses case study material to give the reader an appreciation of the diversity of solar winery facilities. From large industrial-style wineries to boutique family-run wineries; from new state-of-the-art facilities to 15th-century palaces, the application for solar is limitless. The book deals finally with the physical design, installation and operation of the solar system within the winery environment, detailing the equipment, methodologies, processes and concerns that must be addressed in their creation. This presents the reader with a range of solar design and system options, including: generic system type; installation; mounting arrangements; operation; different module and inverter components and configurations; connection; and finance. Owners, managers and planners involved in the design, building or management of a winemaking facility will derive particular benefit from Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry, but it will also be of interest to anyone with an interest in the wine or solar industries.

This book is an overview considering yeast and fermentation. The similarities and differences between yeasts employed in brewing and distilling are reviewed. The implications of the differences during the production of beer and distilled products (potable and industrial) are discussed. This Handbook includes a review of relevant historical developments and achievements in this field, the basic yeast taxonomy and biology, as well as fundamental and practical aspects of yeast cropping (flocculation), handling, storage and propagation. Yeast stress, vitality and viability are also addressed together with flavor production, genetic manipulation, bioethanol formation and ethanol production by non-Saccharomyces yeasts and a Gram-negative bacterium. This information, and a detailed account of yeast research and its implications to both the brewing and distilling processes, is a useful resource to those engaged in fermentation, yeast and their many products and processes.

Beer is made up of various bioactive substances containing antioxidants and specific ingredients with potentially beneficial effects on the human body if consumed in moderation. In the production process, the addition of hops, cereals, and malt leads to an increased content of naturally occurring antioxidant compounds in beer, mainly phenolic compounds. This book presents information on the history, compositional analysis, and brewing process of craft beers. It covers aspects of fruit fortification to different craft brewed beers and how it will enhance the nutritional composition, antioxidant properties, color and sensory attributes of beers. The alcohol industry continues to grow quickly worldwide, this book provides relevant research literature about the recent studies and experimentation about beers which will be helpful to students, researchers, industrialists, producers, and many others. The incorporation of fruits for the fortification of beers is a topic of interest resulting in the need for more innovative and effective methods and steps in the production of newer variants of beers.

The properties of incoming raw ingredients have a great impact on the processing, storage, and resulting quality of all food products, yet the effects of agronomic practices on product quality and safety are often not well understood, as illustrated by the BSE outbreak in cattle and other public health crises. This book is the first to relate different agronomic practices to differenct product types, and to relate all to the final safety and quality of foods and drinks. In particular, factors such as variety or species, fertilizer or feed regimes, effect of water, climate, and microbiological loading can all have large effects on the processing properties and final flavor, texture and color of foods. Written by experts in their fields, this highly practical book provides essential information for food scientists and technologists as well as other professionals in food processing and food ingredients.

Food Product Development presents in-depth, how to guidance to succe ssful food product development. Drawing on the practical experience of 19 industry experts, the book presents a broad overview of practical aspects of industrial food R&D today. In addition, it details how to c ontrol the many facets of food product development and successfully in tegrate the work of professionals from many diverse areas.

This book presents a comprehensive range of research on pulsed electric energy used in food processing, including sections on the fundamentals of electroporation and important techniques for the estimation of electroporation effects in various foods and biomass feedstocks. By focusing on application over theory, this book presents researchers with practical steps for processing techniques such as solid-liquid extraction, pressing, osmotic dehydration, drying, freezing and cooking. Special interest is given to the selective recovery and extraction of sugar, inulin, starch, proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, flavor compounds, phytochemicals and other of high-value components from food biomasses such as fruits and vegetables, leaves, herbs, mushrooms, microalgae and suspensions of cells. Processing of Foods and Biomass Feedstocks by Pulsed Electric Energy presents a singular overview of the biorefinery applications of pulsed electric energy for the processing of wastes and non-food biomasses such as root and tuber crops, grape waste, lignocellulosic biomass, oil crops and residues and seeds and peels of exotic and citrus fruits. The book begins by presenting general information on the fundamentals of electroporation and information on the procedures and protocols involved. Further chapters focus on the specific food processing operations involved and biorefinery applications for the processing of wastes and non-food biomasses. All of the relevant and up-to-date information any researcher needs on pulsed electric energy in food processing is presented here in this text.

The book deals with various consequences of major nuclear accidents, such as in 1986 in Chernobyl and in 2011 in Fukushima. The public is extremely interested in learning more about the movements and risks posed by radiation in the environment related to food supply and food safety. Radionuclides are found in air, water, soil and even in us not only after nuclear accidents because they occur also in nature. Every day, we ingest and inhale radionuclides in our air and food and the water. This book provides a solid underpinning of the basic physical-chemistry and biogeochemistry of naturally occurring and anthrop radioactivity. The mechanisms of radioactive element transfer in the atmosphere, tropospheric and stratospheric diffusion of radioactivity, environmental contamination from accidents and the impact of atmospheric pollution on the food chain, soil and plants, are analyzed and the analytical methods are illustrated. The question of natural radioactivity concentration in building materials is addressed too. While the book contains many case studies and data for Greece, it is of general value. It contributes to the development of international environmentally safe standards and economically reasonable standard regulations based on justified radiological, social and economical legislation concepts.

Cereals are one of our most important crops, whether as cash crops for commercial farmers or subsistence crops in the developing third world. This book focuses on the chemistry and technology of cereals, set in the agricultural and socio-economic context. The subject of cereal is given a greater geographical scope than other books that are primarily concerned with wheat and bread. The principles of cereals discussed include structure and composition; economic importance; storage and transportation; analysis; post-harvest losses; and the starch industries. Also dealt with are the industrial processes which are the basis of our common foods - rice, bread, cornflakes, beer; and the common foods of more traditional societies such as the porridges of Africa and the tortillas of the Americas, as well as numerous fermented foods and drinks.

This book provides in-depth insights into the regulatory frameworks of five countries and the EU concerning the regulation of genome edited plants. The country reports form the basis for a comparative analysis of the various national regulations governing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in general and genome edited plants in particular, as well as the underlying regulatory approaches.The reports, which focus on the regulatory status quo of genome edited plants in Argentina, Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan and the USA, were written by distinguished experts following a uniform structure. On this basis, the legal frameworks are compared in order to foster a rational assessment of which approaches could be drawn upon to adjust, or to completely realign, the current EU regime for GMOs. In addition, a separate chapter identifies potential best practices for the regulation of plants derived from genome editing.

There has been a global rise in the incidence of chronic illnesses, which may be partially attributed to the lengthening of the average human lifespan. Functional foods and nutraceuticals have a potential role to play in the development and maintenance of health. They can assist the body in its battle against inflammation and chronic illnesses. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases addresses the effects and mechanism of functional foods in relation to chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. This volume, like the companion Applications of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases, inspires new thought processes and a paradigm shift in research and development. Key Features: Discusses the molecular mechanism of action, the range of toxicities exerted by these food components for functional foods for addressing chronic conditions Enhances scientists and industrial personnel knowledge of functional foods and in the management of chronic diseases Presents research on the role of functional foods/nutraceuticals in preventing and treating chronic diseases through epigenetic modulation. Explores various subjects such as epigenetics, immunological, metabolic, technological and neurodenerative aspects affected by functional foods in chronic diseases The world's leading wellness centers for chronic diseases are using functional foods and nutraceuticals in their practice and discovering their useful applications, and this second of two related books is another great reference for practitioners, scientists, and clinicians in the management of chronic diseases. Contributors hail from different geographical locations around the world and have many years of research and scholarly experience in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biology.

Wheat provides over 20% of the calories for the world population of 5. 3 billion persons. It is widely grown in five of the six continents. It is a highly versatile food product in that it can be stored safely for long periods of time and transported in bulk over long distances. In relative terms, it is reasonably priced; over the past quarter century, the inflation-adjusted price of wheat has been declining. Modern milling and baking technology required for the transformation of wheat grain into consumable baked products is available or accessible in all countries of the world. For these reasons, and because Canada is one of world's leading wheat producing countries, it seemed appropriate to include a major symposium on wheat in the scientific and technical program of the 8th World Congress of Food Science and Technology held in Toronto, Canada during September 29-0ctober 4, 1992. In selecting the topics for the symposium on wheat, we attempted to cover a full range of subjects including economics and marketing, nutrition, grading, processing, constituent chemistry and functionality, biote- nology, and safety of genetically modified wheat varieties. The major focus was on common hard (bread) wheats; separate papers were devoted to the unique characteristics and technological properties of common soft (biscuit) and durum (pasta) wheats. Each paper was presented by an acknowledged international expert. This book provides a more permanent record of the papers presented at the symposium.

This is one of the first books to draw together information and views about international control of food safety from around the world. Demands for safe food, against a background of increasing trade, are making international controls on food safety essential. Agreements on how to control the safety of food to meet these needs are now in place among the major trading blocks, particularly in Europe and in the USA, and more recently, in Australia. This book also describes progress in areas such as systematically reviewing risk from food; developing national infrastructures to enforce standards; and growing input from consumer groups and others, including economists, to the debate on how to set international food standards. Discussed in depth is the effort to achieve global standards for food safety under the auspices of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. There are chapters from world-leading experts on Codex, international control of radiological contamination, pesticides and veterinary drugs, and other chemical contaminants.