Fluidization is a technique that enables solid particles to take on some of the properties of a fluid. Despite being very widely used within the food processing industry, understanding of this important technique is often limited.
Applications of Fluidization to Food Processing sets out the established theory of fluidization and relates this to food processing applications, particularly in:
* Drying
* Freezing
* Mixing
* Granulation
* Fermentation
This important and thorough book, written by Peter Smith, who has many years' experience teaching and researching in food processing, is an essential tool and reference for food scientists and technologists, and engineers working within the food industry. Libraries, and research and development groups within all universities and research establishments where food science, food studies, food technology, physics and engineering are studied and taught should have copies of this useful book.

Food Processing and Preservation Technology: Advances, Methods, and Applications confronts the challenges of food preservation by providing new research and information on the use of novel processing and preservation technologies during production, processing, and transportation in the food industry for the improvement of shelf life and the safety of foods. The book is organized in two main parts. The first section focuses on novel and nonthermal processing of food and food products. It looks at dielectric heating and ohmic heating as well as three-dimensional printing of foods and ozonization of food products. Part two delves into process interventions for food processing and preservations, discussing the applications of diverse novel food processing. The authors discuss drying technologies, advances in food fermentation technologies, mechanization of traditional indigenous products for preservation of food and safety, and different properties and concepts of bakery products. Key features: Examines different properties and attributes of some bakery foods, etc. Elucidates on novel nonthermal processing techniques and their mechanisms of actions for minimal loss of food nutrients and for food safety Discusses a variety of modern technologies that aim to reduce the spoilage of food products This volume presents valuable research on food processing, quality control, and safety measures for food products by means of novel processing and preservation technologies during production, processing, and transportation in the food industry.

Pathogens respond dynamically to their environment. Understanding their behaviour is critical both because of evidence of increased resistance to established sanitation and preservation techniques, and because of the increased use of minimal processing technologies which are more vulnerable to the development of resistance. Understanding pathogen behaviour summarises the wealth of recent research and its implications for the food industry.
After two introductory chapters on ways of analysing and modelling pathogens, Part one summarises current research on what determines pathogenicity, stress response, adaptation and resistance. Part two reviews the behaviour of particular pathogens, reviewing virulence, stress response and resistance mechanisms in such pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and Campylobacter. The final part of the book assesses how pathogens react and adapt to particular stresses from heat treatment and the effects of low temperature to the use of disinfectants and sanitisers.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Understanding pathogen behaviour is a standard reference for the food industry in ensuring food safety.
Summarises the wealth of recent research in pathogen behaviourAssesses implications for microbiologists and QA staff in the food industry

The concept of Halal defines what adheres to Islamic law and is so comprehensive that it goes beyond food to include processes. The Halal industry has allowed many business firms a competitive advantage and is integral in its support for industries from food, tourism, banking and hospitality to medical. This book gives an overview of what Halal is in logistics and supply chain management, and discusses related issues and challenges in Southeast Asia. The book also examines Halal logistics and supply chain in reference to global trends and practices. It attempts to integrate theoretical and methodological aspects of Halal logistics and supply chain study in different geographical areas across industries. This will be a useful reference for those who wish to understand the Halal ecosystem and Halal logistics supply chain development.

There is an ever-increasing demand for more food but one of the stumbling blocks to achieving this goal is quality and quantity losses due to various pests and pathogens and the mycotoxins synthesized by these harmful biotic entities. Thus far, strategies employed to manage these post-harvest diseases and mycotoxins decontamination include established physical, cultural, and chemical methods. Recently, the application of chemicals to reduce decay and deterioration caused by various pathogens has been impeded as these hazardous chemicals contaminate the environment, enter the food chain, and destroy beneficial microorganisms and pests by aiming at non-target microorganisms. In light of this, the usage of eco-friendly and non-polluting alternatives to chemical pesticides is the call of the hour. Bio-management of Postharvest Diseases and Mycotoxigenic Fungi deals with the current state and future prospects of using various bio-management techniques that are natural, eco-friendly, and environmentally safe. It aims to increase awareness of their potential as well as sensitizing readers to the various aspects of biologicals in pest control. Key Features: Highlights classical versus new techniques adopted to manage postharvest diseases Discusses novel approaches in managing fungal spoilage and mycotoxin decontamination Provides readers with a 360-degree perspective of the pre- and post-harvest quality mycotoxin decontamination research being conducted Details proposals of new ideas to ensure a food secure and pesticide-free world This book disseminates notable and diversified scientific work carried out by leading experts in their own field. Written by qualified scientists in each of their respective disciplines, it can serve as a current and comprehensive treatise on the emerging field of bio-management of postharvest diseases and mycotoxin decontamination by products that are "generally regarded as safe."

The diverse segments of the snack industries that generate close to $520 billion of annual sales are adapting to new consumers expectations, especially in terms of convinience, flavor, shelf life, and nutritional and health claims. Snack Foods: Processing, Innovation, and Nutritional Aspects was conceptualized to thoroughly cover practical and scientific aspects related to the chemistry, technology, processing, functionality, quality control, analysis, and nutrition and health implications of the wide array of snacks derived from grains, fruits/vegetables, milk and meat/poultry/seafood. This book focuses on novel topics influencing food product development like innovation, new emerging technologies and the manufacturing of nutritious and health-promoting snacks with a high processing efficiency. The up-to-date chapters provide technical reviews emphasising flavored salty snacks commonly used as finger foods, including popcorn, wheat-based products (crispbreads, pretzels, crackers), lime-cooked maize snacks (tortilla chips and corn chips), extruded items (expanded and half products or pellets), potato chips, peanuts, almonds, tree nuts, and products derived from fruits/vegetables, milk, animal and marine sources. Key Features: Describes traditional and novel processes and unit operatios used for the industrial production of plant and animal-based snacks. Depicts major processes employed for the industrial production of raw materials, oils, flavorings and packaging materials used in snack food operations. Contains relevant and updated information about quality control and nutritional attributes and health implications of snack foods. Includes simple to understand flowcharts, relevant information in tables and recent innovations and trends. Divided into four sections, Snack Foods aims to understand the role of the major unit operations used to process snacks like thermal processes including deep-fat frying, seasoning, packaging and the emerging 3-D printing technology. Moreover, the book covers the processing and characteristics of the most relevant raw materials used in snack operations like cereal-based refined grits, starches and flours, followed by chapters for oils, seasoning formulations and packaging materials. The third and most extensive part of the book is comprised of several chapters which describe the manufacturing and quality control of snacks mentioned above. The fourth section is comprised of two chapters related to the nutritional and nutraceutical and health-promoting properties of all classes of snacks discussed herein.

The first and only book on Spray-freeze-drying" which is a relatively recent drying technique, that provides the signature advantages of spray-drying and freeze-drying, while overcoming the limitations of both. Provides examples and case studies of nuances and intricacies associated with each stage of the spray-freeze-drying process Contains 200+ illustrations and tabulations Highlights the applications of spray-freeze-drying in the production of food products including soluble coffee, dairy powders, probiotics, and flavors.

Functional foods improve health and can reduce the risk of different diseases. In this sense, a variety of bioactive compounds present in functional foods are able to modulate inflammatory responses or exhibit interesting bioactivities such as antihypertensive, antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobials, anticariogenics, among others. There is a revalorization and mounting characterization on ancient grain crops of Latin America such as chia, amaranth, quinoa, Andean lupin, sacha inchi. This area also posseses a huge variety of native fruits such as camu camu, goldenberry, lucuma, which have health-promoting compounds. Native Crops in Latin America: Biochemical, Processing, and Nutraceutical Aspects explores recent investigations related to the potential use of the native crops as sources of bioactive compounds (proteins, hydrolysates, peptides, antioxidants, essential lipids, dietary fiber, pre- and probiotics) and as ingredients in functional foods. Key Features: Contributes to increasing knowledge of Latin American crops Contains information of various native crops and nutraceutical potentiality Discusses characterization of their by-products Explores revaluation and food application for enrichment food matrices This book contains recent findings impacting research in subjects such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, gut microbiota, delivery systems, product development, and gastronomy. Such information on Latin American crops may significantly influence the well-being, health, and nutrition of consumers. This will be a useful resource for food scientists, food technologists, nutritionists, ingredient manufacturers, and health care professionals, and relevent knowledge for any University's Food Science department. Also available in the Food Biotechnology and Engineering series: Volatile Compounds Formation in Specialty Beverages, edited by Felipe Richter Reis and Caroline Mongruel Eleuterio dos Santos (ISBN: 9780367631901) For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at: https://www.routledge.com/Food-Biotechnology-and-Engineering/book-series/CRCFOOBIOENG

Educates readers on food disparities for citizens in a variety of socioeconomic conditions in the United States. Courses in dietetic curriculum where this would be an appropriate textbook exist. There is only one competing textbook to this book published in 2014 - Introduction to the US Food System: Public Health, Environment, and Equity written by Roni Neff.

Risk assessment has been extensively developed in several scientific fields, such as environmental science, economics, and civil engineering, among others. In the aftermath of the SPS and GATT agreements on the use of risk analysis framework in food trade, signed in the 1990s, international organisations and governments adopted risk assessment as a science-based process to ensure food safety along the food chain. The food industry can also benefit from the use of this approach for food process optimisation and quality assurance. Risk Assessment Methods for Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food introduces the reader to quantitative risk assessment methods encompassing general concepts to specific applications to biological and chemical hazards in foods. In the first section, the book presents food risk assessment as methodology and addresses, more specifically, new trends and approaches such as the development of risk rating methods, risk metrics, risk-benefit assessment studies and quality assessment methods. Section II is dedicated to biological hazards. This section identifies the most relevant biological hazards along the food chain and provides an overview on the types of predictive microbiology models used to describe the microbial response along the food chain. Chapter 12 specifically deals with cross contamination and the quantitative methods that can be applied to describe this relevant microbial process. The development and application of dose-response models (i.e. mathematical function describing the relationship between pathogen dose and health response) are also covered in this section. In Section III, the book translates risk assessment concepts into the area of chemical hazards, defining the process steps to determine chemical risk and describing the uncertainty and variability sources associated with chemicals. Key Features: Presents new trends and approaches in the field of risk assessment in foods Risk assessment concepts are illustrated by practical examples in the food sector Discusses how quantitative information and models are integrated in a quantitative risk asssment framework Provides examples of applications of quantitative chemical risk assessment in risk management The book, written by renowned experts in their field, is a comprehensive collection of quantitative methods and approaches applied to risk assessment in foods. It can be used as an extensive guide for food safety practitioners and researchers to perform quantitative risk assessment in foods

Experiencing Food: Designing Sustainable and Social Practices contains papers on food, sustainability and social practices research, presented at the 2nd International Conference on Food Design and Food Studies, held November 28-30, 2019, at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. The conference and resulting papers reflect on interdisciplinarity as not limited to the design of objects or services, but seeking awareness towards new lifestyles and innovative approaches to food sustainability.

1.Provides detailed information about two healthy substitutes for cereal crops 2.Explains the importance of utilizing ancient crops as new era Superfoods 3.Promotes the concept of utilizing food crops as nutraceuticals by discussing physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of Chia and Quinoa 4.Describes the importance of using Chia and Quinoa to help as functional foods

A growing body of scientific evidence has revealed that many food peptides exhibit specific biological activities in addition to their established nutritional value. Bioactive peptides present in foods may help reduce the worldwide epidemic of chronic diseases that account for a great number of premature deaths annually. Bioactive peptides can be defined as isolated small fragments of proteins which provide some physiological health benefits. They act as potential modifiers reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. Bioactive Peptides from Food: Sources, Analysis, and Functions considers fundamental concepts, sources, hydrolysis, fractionation, purification, analysis, chemical synthesis, functions, and regulatory status of nutraceutical bioactive peptides. Methods of isolation of these peptides from different protein sources with their in vitro and vivo physiological effects are addressed. Divided into seven sections, this book delves into how these peptides play a major role in the development of various functional foods. Numerous bioactive peptides have been reported in recent years as naturally present or generated from food proteins of different origins like milk, eggs, soya, fish, and meat. Key Features: Includes a detailed study of the different sources of bioactive peptides Discusses the health benefits, such as antimicrobial, antiallergic, antihypertensive, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties of peptides Explorates the state of the art analysis methods of peptides Discovers the bioinformatics of possible bioactive peptides Written by experts in their field from around the world, Bioactive Peptides from Food reveals the world of databases of peptides. It is a great resource for food scientists, technologists, chemists, nutrition researchers, producers, and processors working in the whole food science and technology field as well as those who are interested in the development of innovative functional products.

We regularly find ourselves in food environments that promote the consumption of high fat and sugary foods rather than encouraging us to eat more fruit and vegetables. However, because of increased media attention, people are becoming more interested in alternative approaches to improving the many food-related decisions we make daily. Transforming Food Environments features evidence from several disciplines exploring initiatives that have improved food environments and discusses the importance of achieving success in equitable and sustainable ways. The book presents information on diverse food environments followed by methods that help readers become aware of the design of interventions and food policies. It covers food environments in schools, workplaces, and community centres as well as fast food establishments and food marketing. The book presents methods to help encourage better food choices and purchase of healthier foods. It explores persuasion tactics used by health professionals such as changing availability and/or price, using nudging techniques, and food labelling. Led by Editor Charlotte Evans, Associate Professor of Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health Nutrition at the University of Leeds; and written by an international range of authors from countries including the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United Kingdom, this multidisciplinary book appeals to students, researchers, public health professionals and policy makers. It also raises awareness and provides a comprehensive treatment of the importance of our environments on food choice.

There has been a wealth of recent research on the complex changes involved in bread making and how they influence the many traits consumers use to define quality. Bread making: improving quality sums up this key research and what it means for improved process control and a better, more consistent product.
After an introductory review of bread making as a whole part one discusses wheat and flour quality. Chapter 3 summarises current research on the structure of wheat, providing the context for chapters on wheat proteins (chapters 5 and 6) and starch (chapter 7). There are also chapters on ways of measuring wheat and flour quality, and improving flour for bread making. Part two reviews dough formation and its impact on the structure and properties of bread. It includes chapters on the molecular structure of dough, foam formation and bread aeration together with discussion of the role of key ingredients such as water. A final group of chapters then discusses other aspects of quality such as improving taste and nutritional properties, as well as preventing moulds and mycotoxin contamination.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Bread making: improving quality is a standard work both for industry and the research community.

Provides an overview of Microbial surfactants- Their types, properties and Production constraints Reviews the application of biosurfactants in Food industry Reviews the application of biosurfactants Agriculture Covers industrial demand and Marketing Includes chapters authored by experts in the field of Biosurfactants

Beverages are a convenient and versatile product that may either serve to fulfill consumers' needs for hydration or as a pleasant liquor. Among the sensory attributes of beverages that drive consumer acceptability is aroma, directly influenced by the quantity and type of volatile compounds contained inside them. Volatile Compounds Formation in Specialty Beverages contains remarkable information about volatile compounds of specialty beverages, addressing aspects involved from production processes to biochemical pathways. Divided in two sections, this book answers such key-questions as like how different classes of volatile compounds affect the specialty beverage sensory profile; furthermore, the section on distilled beverages brings supplies information on the contribution of maturation to the beverage volatile profile. Key Features: Provides information on the contribution of each class of volatile compounds to the beverages' aroma Describes the biochemical pathways involved in the volatile compounds generation Covers both traditional and exotic, fermented, and distilled beverages Shows how the production process affects the volatile compounds formation Organized by experienced editors and written by authors from around the world, this book describes the most important aspects of volatile compounds formation in traditional beverages like whisky and sparkling wine, as well as in exotic beverages like cachaca and kombucha. It is a unique source for food scientists, chemists, chemical engineers and other professionals interested in learning about volatile compounds formation in fermented and distilled beverages.

This book addresses various clinical and sub clinical applications of antioxidant nutraceuticals, with a primary focus on preventive use for general wellness, common ailments, and such chronic illnesses as cancer and neurological applications. This unique book captures the applications of natural antioxidants, which have been used for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Medicine as well as modern nutraceuticals formulations. It covers antioxidant applications in clinical scenarios including the historical perspective, basic antioxidant properties and applications, anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant applications in a variety of clinical conditions.

The market-leading textbook on this topic, the first edition was groundbreaking in the field and subsequent updates have maintained this as the definite work on Agroecology. A Companion Website offers the entire contents of the updated practical manual, Field and Laboratory Investigations in Agroecology, to book buyers, split into student and lecturer resources. These 24 sample investigations facilitate hands-on learning that involves close observation, creative interpretation, and constant questioning of findings. There is newly streamlined treatment of agroecology's foundations in ecological science, making the text more compatible with typical course curricula. A wealth of new content has been added while maintaining the book's concise, affordable format. The book uses a unique framework that presents agroecology as a science, movement, and practice. Updated case studies and updated chapter content incorporates the most recent knowledge, issues, progress, and research. New chapters offer brand new content: (Alternatives to Industrial Agriculture, Ecological Pest, Weed, and Disease Management, Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture, Agriculture and the Climate Crisis) while a revised analysis and critique of the food system's embeddedness in the extractive capitalist world economy reflects ideas in the emerging field of political agroecology. There is more explicit content on co-creation of knowledge, participatory and transdisciplinary research in this edition than any other.

Meat is both a major food in its own right and a staple ingredient in many food products. With its distinguished editors and an international team of contributors, Meat processing reviews research on what defines and determines meat quality, and how it can be maintained or improved during processing.
Part one considers the various aspects of meat quality. There are chapters on what determines the quality of raw meat, changing views of the nutritional quality of meat and the factors determining such quality attributes as colour and flavour. Part two discusses how these aspects of quality are measured, beginning with the identification of appropriate quality indicators. It also includes chapters on both sensory analysis and instrumental methods including on-line monitoring and microbiological analysis. Part three reviews the range of processing techniques that have been deployed at various stages in the supply chain. Chapters include the use of modelling techniques to improve quality and productivity in beef cattle production, new decontamination techniques after slaughter, automation of carcass processing, high pressure processing of meat, developments in modified atmosphere packaging and chilling and freezing. There are also chapters on particular products such as restructured meat and fermented meat products.
With its detailed and comprehensive coverage of what defines and determines meat quality, Meat processing is a standard reference for all those involved in the meat industry and meat research.
Reviews research on what defines and determines meat quality, and how it can be measured, maintained and improved during processingExamines the range of processing techniques that have been deployed at various stages in the supply chainComprehensively outlines the new decontamination techniques after slaughter and automation of carcass processing

Computational methods have risen as a powerful technique for exploring the system phenomena and solving real-life problems. Currently, there are two principle computational approaches for system analysis: continuous and discrete. In the continuous approach, the governing equations can be obtained by applying the fundamental laws, such as conservation of mass, momentum, and energy over an infinitesimal control volume. On the other hand, the discrete approach concentrates on mimicking the molecular movement within the system. Both approaches have pros and cons, and continuous development and improvement in the existing computational methods are ongoing. Advanced Computational Techniques for Heat and Mass Transfer in Food Processing provides, in a single source, information on the use of methods based on numerical and computational analysis as applied in food science and technology. It explores the use of various numerical/computational techniques for the simulation of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer within food products. Key Features: Explores various numerical techniques used for modeling and validation Describes the knowhow of numerical and computational techniques for food process operations Covers a detailed numerical or computational approach of the principles of heat and mass transfer in the food processing operation Discusses the detailed computational simulation procedure of the food operation Recent years have witnessed a rapid development in the field of computational techniques owing to its abundant benefit to the food processing industry. The relevance of advanced computational methods has helped in understanding the fundamental physics of thermal and hydrodynamic behavior that can provide benefits to the food processing industry in numerous applications. As a single information source for those interested in the use of methods based on numerical and computational analysis as applied in food science and technology, this book will ably serve any food academician or researcher in learning the advanced numerical techniques exploring fluid flow, crystallization, and other food processing operations.

Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is one of the most important recent developments in food safety management. Adopted by Codex Alimentarius and many other international bodies, it provides a structured way of identifying and assessing microbiological risks in food. Edited by two leading authorities, and with contributions by international experts in the field, Microbiological risk assessment provides a detailed coverage of the key steps in MRA and how it can be used to improve food safety.
The book begins by placing MRA within the broader context of the evolution of international food safety standards.
Part one introduces the key steps in MRA methodology. A series of chapters discusses each step, starting with hazard identification and characterisation before going on to consider exposure assessment and risk characterisation. Given its importance, risk communication is also covered. Part two then considers how MRA can be implemented in practice. There are chapters on implementing the results of a microbiological risk assessment and on the qualitative and quantitative tools available in carrying out a MRA. It also discusses the relationship of MRA to the use of microbiological criteria and another key tool in food safety management, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems.
With its authoritative coverage of both principles and key issues in implementation, Microbiological risk assessment in food processing is a standard work on one of the most important aspects of food safety management.
Provides a detailed coverage of the key steps in microbiological risk assessment (MRA) and how it can be used to improve food safetyPlaces MRA within the broader context of the evolution of international food safety standardsIntroduces the key steps in MRA methodology, considers exposure assessment and risk characterisation, and covers risk communication

Fat is the most expensive component in confectionery such as chocolate. It may comprise of cocoa butter, milk fat, palm oil, lauric oil, exotic fats, etc. This new handbook, with a large number of figures and tables, provides a comprehensive guide to all aspects of confectionery fats, with particular emphasis on the later. Unlike sugar confectionery, chocolate is a fat-continuous product and the sugar, like the other non-fat components, is merely mixed with the fat rather than melted/boiled. The properties of chocolate confectionery are thus determined mainly by the fat, which comprises about 26-35% in a typical chocolate formulation.
The book describes the essential physical chemistry needed to understand the properties of confectionery fats, analytical methods, raw materials, the production and properties of confectionery fats, and their application in sugar and chocolate confectionery. It concludes with consideration of legislation and regulatory aspects of producing confectionery and of using milk fat, cocoa butter and alternative fats together with a chapter on analytical methods for detecting and quantifying confectionery fats. Finally, four appendixes provide: a glossary of terms and abbreviations used; details of confectionery fat manufacturers; details of confectionary fat products produced by these manufacturers; and a list of websites from other relevant organizations that the reader may find useful.

Food Safety is an increasingly important issue. Numerous food crises have occurred internationally in recent years (the use of the dye Sudan Red I; the presence of acrylamide in various fried and baked foods; mislabelled or unlabelled genetically modified foods; and the outbreak of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) originating in both primary agricultural production and in the food manufacturing industries. Public concern at these and other events has led government agencies to implement a variety of legislative actions covering many aspects of the food chain. This book presents and compares the HACCP and ISO 22000:2005 food safety management systems. These systems were introduced to improve and build upon existing systems in an attempt to address the kinds of failures which can lead to food crises. Numerous practical examples illustrating the application of ISO 22000 to the manufacture of food products of animal origin are presented in this extensively-referenced volume. After an opening chapter which introduces ISO 22000 and compares it with the well-established HACCP food safety management system, a summary of international legislation relating to safety in foods of animal origin is presented. The main part of the book is divided into chapters which are devoted to the principle groups of animal-derived food products: dairy, meat, poultry, eggs and seafood. Chapters are also included on catering and likely future directions. The book is aimed at food industry managers and consultants; government officials responsible for food safety monitoring; researchers and advanced students interested in food safety.

This volume looks at new and established processing technologies for fruits and vegetables, taking into consideration the physical and biochemical properties of fruits and vegetables and their products, the challenges of the processing industry, the effect of processing on nutritional content, economic utilization of bio-wastes and byproducts, and much more. Divided into several sections, the volume covers: processing and antioxidant/enzyme profiles of fruits and vegetables (role of antioxidants and enzymes in processing, use of solar energy in processing, and techniques used in making processed products from fruits and vegetables) novel processing technologies in fruits and vegetables (ultraviolet light, pulsed light technology, hurdle technology, physical and biochemical properties) the challenges and solutions in waste reduction, negative effects of processing, and effects of processing on vitamins of fruits and vegetables