The ultimate guide to Scotch whisky. Why does Scotch whisky taste as it does? Where do the flavours come from? How might they have changed over the years? The flavour of Scotch whisky is as much influenced by history, craft and tradition as it is by science. Whiskypedia explores these influences. Introductory sections provide an historical overview, and an explanation of the contribution made by each stage of the production process. Each entry provides a brief account of the distillery's history and curiosities, lists the bottlings which are currently available, details how the whisky is made, and explores the flavour and character of each make. Fully revised and updated edition with new entries on the latest distilleries at Ardross, Bonnington, Burnobennie, The Cair, Falkirk, Holyrood Park and Lagg.

Africa has been and continues to be a significant source of medicinal and aromatic plants and botanicals to the world's food, drug, herb and dietary supplement market, and in the past decade numerous African plant materials have established a strong international market presence. This book provides an excellent opportunity to delve into the current and future contributions that African plants can and will continue to make both internal to Africa and on the global stage. This book expertly covers various medicinal plants of African origin and the some of the latest basic and clinical research supporting their ongoing and potential uses in self-care and healthcare. This work also examines various issues and trends in medicinal plants from their uses in Traditional Medicine and ethnobotany, to our modern understanding of the plants chemistry and pharmacognosy, natural products chemistry and applications of medicinal plants, quality control, and models of benefit sharing.

The role of the Maillard reaction in forming flavors from amino acid and sugar precursors has been studied for many years. To establish the basic chemistry of the reaction, researchers have used model systems, often solutions of a single amino acid with a single sugar. Despite the apparent simplicity of the system, heating such a solution can generate tens if not hundreds of compounds, which requires careful and time-consuming analysis to identify and quantify each component.
Data from the model systems has allowed researchers to study the pathways that lead to flavor formation, and various schemes have been proposed to identify the main "routes" that lead to flavor compounds. Such schemes have led to one of the main control principles, namely an understanding of the role of amino acids in forming some characteristic aromas, e.g., bread flavor from proline, as well as an appreciation of the role of C5 and C6 sugars in controlling the rate of reaction.
Recently, the formation of taste compounds through the Maillard reaction has been investigated and new potent compounds have been discovered that can contribute to the overall flavor formed during the Maillard reaction. These findings also offer the potential for control and manipulation of the Maillard reaction to form specific types of flavor. Although the nature of the end-products of the Maillard reaction in both food and model systems are well documented, applying these principles to control flavor formation in real foods has proved difficult.
This book describes recent research and developments related to the control of the Maillard reaction to give optimum flavor quality. These include kinetic modeling of the reaction, the effect of physical parameters (temperature, time, moisture content, pH), and the effect of chemical parameters (amino acid and sugar composition, the presence of other components). The topics covered relate to real food systems and reaction product flavorings, as well as model systems. Contributors from academia and industry have come together to provide an up to date overview of progress in this important area of flavor research.

Through four editions, Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, has provided readers with information on the how's and why's lactic acid-producing fermentation improves the storability, palatability, and nutritive value of perishable foods. Thoroughly updated and fully revised, with 12 new chapters, the Fifth Edition covers regulatory aspects globally, new findings on health effects, properties and stability of LAB as well as production of target specific LAB. The new edition also addresses the technological use of LAB in various fermentations of food, feed and beverage, and their safety considerations. It features the detailed description of the main genera of LAB as well as such novel bacteria as fructophilic LAB and novel probiotics and discusses such new targets as cognitive function, metabolic health, respiratory health and probiotics. Key Features: In 12 new chapters, findings are presented on health effects, properties and stability of LAB as well as production of target specific LAB Covers such novel bacteria as fructophilic LAB and novel probiotics Presents new discoveries related to the mechanisms of lactic acid bacterial metabolism and function Covers the benefits of LAB, both in fermentation of dairy, cereal, meat, vegetable and silage, and their health benefits on humans and animals Discusses the less-known role of LAB as food spoilers Covers the global regulatory framework related to safety and efficacy

For more than a century, national and international governing bodies have had some involvement in regulating the quality and safety of food during production and delivery. Since the beginnings of this "modern" food regulation in the early 20th century, the way that food is produced, packaged and distributed has changed drastically. It is difficult to determine if technological advances in the areas of polymer science, refrigeration, and transportation have driven the globalization of the food supply or if the food industry has drawn from these technologies to satisfy consumer's desire and need. Ensuring the safety of food requires a complex and ever-changing set of interactions between producers, distributors, consumers and regulators. As advances are made in packaging and food additives, as food distributions systems evolve to meet consumer needs, or as these respond to environmental and population changes, adjustments to regulatory systems may become necessary. Analytical, environmental and materials chemistry can often play important roles in responding to these changes and in continuing to help with the improvement of food safety and security. These five co-editors bring their respective expertise to the subject of the food system and the chemical advancements behind it.

Wine flavour chemistry is a complex and diverse field that ranges from the potently aromatic pyrazines to the complex polymeric tannins. Modern chemistry is now opening some doors to the mysteries of wine flavour, and this unique monograph is dedicated to current research developments. The book starts with the Riesling terpenes, which are responsible for floral aroma when new and the kerosene-like aroma that appears in old age, and with the chemically related norisprenoids found in Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. It includes three reports on flavours of microbial origin, particularly the effects of different yeast strains, and it looks at important factors in ageing, including acetalhyde, the contribution of oak, and problems with cork taint. It also explores in detail the relationship between winemaking techniques and the chemistry and taste attributes of phenolic compounds.

In the past, the stability of milk and milk products was the primary consideration, but this is no longer the principal objective due to the evolution of modern sanitary practices as well as pasteurization. Today, the manufacture of dairy products of consistently good flavor and texture is crucial. In previous flavor studies, researchers identified hundreds of volatile compounds, with little or no attention paid to their sensory contribution to overall flavor of dairy products. The availability of powerful chromatographic separation techniques like high resolution gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry and olfactory detection ports have revolutionized the work on characterization of dairy flavor. This along with recent developments in sensory methods and our increased knowledge about the genomics of diary culture organisms have allowed great advancements in our understanding of dairy flavor chemistry. Flavor of Dairy Products covers the evolution of dairy flavor research and presents updated information in the areas of instrumental analysis, biochemistry, processing and shelf-life issues related to the flavor of dairy products.

Consumers, regulators, and the food industry increasingly require that foods comply not only with label descriptions of food content, but also with information regarding the food's origin. For example, the wine industry has a long history of labeling wines based on varietal, regional, or age (vintage)-related properties. However, regulatory agencies are now beginning to require methods to confirm this label information. Food retailers are also facing voluntary or mandatory labeling requirements that will indicate regional or country-of-origin, species and/or varietal information. As a result, development of reliable analytical methods to confirm the authenticity of the label information is needed. This book presents the latest research on food and wine authentication. The chapters are authored by leading international scientists whose research focuses on the development and application of analytical methodologies used for the authentication of food and beverages.

Cereal grains have been the principal component of human diet for thousands of years and have played a major role in shaping human civilization. Around the world, rice, wheat, and maize, and to a lesser extent, sorghum and millets, are important staples critical to daily survival of billions of people. More than 50% of world daily caloric intake is derived directly from cereal grain consumption. Most of the grain used for human food is milled to remove the bran (pericarp) and germ, primarily to meet sensory expectations of consumers. The milling process strips the grains of important nutrients beneficial to health, including dietary fiber, phenolics, vitamins and minerals. Thus, even though ample evidence exists on the health benefits of whole grain consumption, challenges remain to developing food products that contain significant quantities of whole grain components and meet consumer expectations.
This book presents some of the latest research endeavors that aim to improve our understanding of how the chemistry of various grain components can be manipulated to improve contribution of cereals to human health. Most of the topics are based on the Cereal Grains Symposium, at the 2011 American Chemical Society held in Anaheim, CA, March 27-31.

Montana's brewing history stretches back more than 150 years to the state's days as a territory. But the art of brewing in Montana has come a long way since the frontier era. Today, nearly forty craft breweries span the Treasure State, and the quality of their output rivals the best craft beer produced anywhere in the country. Maybe it's because there's also a little piece of Montana in every glass, as the state's brewers pride themselves on using cold mountain water and locally sourced barley harvested from Montana's ample fields. From grain to glass, " Montana Beer: A Guide to Breweries in Big Sky Country" tells the story of the brewers and breweries that make the Treasure State's brew so special.

This ACS Symposium Series book evolved from the ACS symposium "Food Additives and Packaging" sponsored by the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (AGFD) at the 245th ACS National Meeting & Exposition in New Orleans, LA, April 7-11, 2013. The book helps readers understand the rules and regulations governing the use of food additives and food packaging materials in the U.S. and globally. Furthermore, the book investigates novel materials and applications related to food additives and food packaging materials and explores concerns, issues, and current events in the field. The book particularly highlights global regulations, research, development, applications, and evaluation of food additives and food packaging materials. These areas are dynamic, constantly changing, and expected to attract the interest of a broad and diverse readership. Part I of this book highlights how food additives and packaging materials are classified and regulated in different parts of the world and addresses some of the scientific, legal, and practical issues related to these regulations from the perspective representatives. It contains monographs on general aspects of regulatory processes in various countries (U.S., EU, Thailand and Japan) and specific aspects, such as GRAS substances, color additives, enzymes, flavorings, safety assessments, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Part II presents some current topics related to the research, development, applications, and evaluation of food additives and food packaging materials, with monographs on applying regulatory knowledge for packaging compliance and evaluating food packaging for pre-packaged irradiated food, and on various emerging technologies, such as a control release packaging system and high pressure processing that can improve the appearance, texture, taste, or shelf-life of food; it also includes monographs that discuss other aspects, such as bisphenol A, PET packaging materials, nanomaterials, and biomaterials.

Beverages derived from fruits and vegetables are a rich source of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolics and polyphenolics as well as other bioactives. The bioactives in nutraceutical beverages may act synergistically with one another and their effect may be amplified through fortification, cultivating practices, or biotechnological means. This book discusses factors in the formulation, chemistry, nutrition, and health effects of nutraceutical beverages.

Solidarity Road tells the story of Jan Theron’s involvement in the Food and Canning Workers Union (FCWU) during apartheid South Africa. Part memoir, part history this fascinating tale will reveal what working conditions were like in the 1970’s. It outlines the very beginnings of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).

Theron states, ‘Solidarity in a trade union does not simply mean standing by your members, or by organised workers. It means solidarity with your class. At the time, in 1976, the working class was fragmented. Working for a trade union was part of a project to unite a fragmented class, and to give it a voice. This was the historical project to which a number of people from a certain intellectual background were drawn. This would be our contribution to the struggle: what we did to end apartheid. It was a struggle for democracy, but democracy did not just mean everyone getting to vote every so often in national elections. People also had to eat.

The most obvious way in which the working class was then fragmented was in terms of race. The Union put its commitment to solidarity into practice by uniting workers of different races in factories manufacturing food. To do so it had to overcome divisions among workers created by the ways in which government had structured employment, in terms of the law, which the bosses were able to exploit. Nowadays ‘bosses’ seems like a dated term, yet this is the term workers used to refer to the people for whom they actually worked. It is also no less important today than it was then to differentiate between those who control the factories and mines and those who operate at their behest.

Whiskey making has been an integral part of American history since frontier times. In Kentucky, early settlers brought stills to preserve grain, and they soon found that the limestone-filtered water and the unique climate of the scenic Bluegrass region made it an ideal place for the production of barrel-aged liquor. And so, bourbon whiskey was born. More than two hundred commercial distilleries were operating in Kentucky before Prohibition, but only sixty-one reopened after its repeal in 1933. As the popularity of America's native spirit increases worldwide, many historic distilleries are being renovated, refurbished, and brought back into operation. Unfortunately, these spaces, with their antique tools and aging architecture, are being dismantled to make way for modern structures and machinery. In The Birth of Bourbon, award-winning photographer Carol Peachee takes readers on an unforgettable tour of lost distilleries as well as facilities undergoing renewal, such as the famous Old Taylor and James E. Pepper distilleries in Lexington, Kentucky. This beautiful book also includes spaces that well-known brands, including Maker's Mark, Woodford Reserve, Four Roses, and Buffalo Trace, have preserved as a homage to their rich histories. Using a technique known as high-dynamic-range imaging -- a process that produces rich saturation, intensely clarified details, and a full spectrum of light -- Peachee reveals the vibrant life lingering in artifacts from worn cypress fermenting tubs to extravagant copper stills. This lavish celebration of bourbon's heritage will delight whiskey aficionados, history buffs, and art lovers alike.

This volume details methods using classical apparatus and mechanisms to study enology and winemaking. Chapters guide readers through protocols on titration, distillation, spectrophotometry, advanced methods applying High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MSn), Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Authoritative and cutting-edge, Basic Protocols in Enology and Winemaking aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.