An Aspen Food Engineering Series Book. This new reference work in the Food Engineering Series covers basic and new information and issues, and new and refined existing technologies in the preservation of fruits and vegetables with a minimum of processing. It begins with a section on detecting and controlling good and harmful microorganisms in fruits and vegetable tissues, then surveys a range of preservation technologies, talks about new technologies being developed in landmark multinational projects, and ends by covering the legal aspects of minimally processed produce in the United States, Europe, South America, and Asia.

This book presents an exhaustive review on the use of polymers for food applications. Polymer-based systems for food applications such as: films, foams, nano- and micro-encapsulated, emulsions, hydrogels, prebiotics, 3D food printing, edible polymers for the development of foods for people with special feeding regimes, sensors, among others, have been analyzed in this work.

This work introduces the concept of reformulation, a relatively new strategy to develop foods with beneficial properties. Food reformulation by definition is the act of re-designing an existing, often popular, processed food product with the primary objective of making it healthier. In recent years the concept of food reformulation has evolved significantly as additional benefits of re-designing food have become apparent. In addition to targeting specific food ingredients that are considered potentially harmful for human health, food reformulation can also be effectively used as a strategy to make foods more nutritious by introducing essential macro- /micro-nutrients or phytochemicals in the diet. Reformulating foods can also improve sustainability by introducing "waste" (and underutilized) ingredients into the food chain. In light of these developments, reformulating existing foods is now considered a realistic and attractive opportunity to provide healthy, nutritious, and sustainable food choices to the consumers and likewise improve public health. Indeed reformulation has now become essential in many cases for redressing the health properties of foods that are popularly consumed and significantly affecting public health. This edited volume covers aspects of food reformulation from various angles, exploring the role of the food industry, academia, and consumers in developing new products. Some of the major themes contributors address include methods of reformulating food products for health, improving the nutritional composition of foods, and challenges to the food industry, including regulation as well as consumer perception of new products. The book presents several case studies to clarify these objectives and illustrate the difficulties encountered in the process of developing a reformulated product. Chapters from experts in the field identify emerging and future trends in food product development, and highlight ways in which these efforts will help with increasing food security, improving nutrition and health, and promoting sustainable production. The editors have designed the book to be useful for both industry professionals and the research community. This interdisciplinary approach incorporates a wide spectrum of food sciences (including composition, engineering, and chemistry) as well as nutrition and public health. Food and nutrition professionals, policy makers, health care and social scientists, and graduate students will also find the information relevant.

Probability and Statistics for Cereals and Grains: A Guide to Measurement and Analysis is a guide to help technical people be more efficient users of statistics. Author Terry C. Nelsen uses examples from his 35-plus years of experience in the field and presents the appropriate statistics and graphics to use when evaluating data. Researchers, academicians, students, technicians, processors, laboratory personnel, and those working in QA/QC will benefit from this much needed reference.

As discussed in this book, a large body of evidence indicates that selenium is a cancer chemopreventive agent. Further evidence points to a role of this element in reducing viral expression, in preventing heart disease, and other cardiovascular and muscle disorders, and in delaying the progression of AIDS in HIV infected patients. Selenium may also have a role in mammalian development, in male fertility, in immune function and in slowing the aging process. The mechanism by which selenium exerts its beneficial effects on health may be through selenium-containing proteins. Selenium is incorporated into protein as the amino acid selenocysteine. Selenocysteine utilizes a specific tRNA, a specific elongation factor, a specific set of signals, and the codeword, UGA, for its cotranslational insertion into protein. It is indeed the 21st naturally occurring amino acid to be incorporated into protein and marks the first and only expansion of the genetic code since the code was deciphered in the mid 1960s.

This unique text provides comprehensive coverage of betalains, outlining the specific makeup and uses of this plant. The chapters provide deep insight into the biosynthesis, structures, pharmacokinetics, stability, extraction, health benefits and occurrence in nature of betalains. As the first major reference work to focus specifically on betalains, this book serves as an important reference for any researcher looking for insights into the use of betalains as functional foods, food coloring agents, and nutraceuticals. Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects outlines the chemical structure of betalains, including their occurrence in nature. The utilization of of these plants as natural color in food and beverages is covered in depth, as are the intake and secretion of betalains in the human body. The various factors affecting the stability of betalains are described, including their stability when used in food products. Current health related uses for these plants are outlined, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory uses. The isolation and purification of these plants, plus analysis techniques, are outlined. In providing extensive coverage of betalains and their uses, this text presents a singular work which is of major value for a wide range of researchers.

Chemistry for Sustainable Development in Africa gives an insight into current Chemical research in Africa. It is edited and written by distinguished African scientists and includes contributions from Chemists from Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern, Central and Island state African Countries. The core themes embrace the most pressing issues of our time, including Environmental Chemistry, Renewable Energies, Health and Human Well-Being, Food and Nutrition, and Bioprospecting and Commercial Development. This book is invaluable for teaching and research institutes in Africa and worldwide, private sector entities dealing with natural products from Africa, as well as policy and decision-making bodies and non-governmental organizations.

This book aims to assess, evaluate and critically analyze the methods that are currently available for a judicious pest management in durable food. It presents and analyzes a vast amount of methods that are already in use in "real world" industrial applications. After the phase-out of methyl bromide, but also the withdrawal of several insecticides and the continuously updated food safety regulations, there is a significant knowledge gap on the use of risk-reduced, ecologically-compatible control methods that can be used with success against stored-product insect species and related arthropods. The importance of integrated pest management (IPM) is growing, but the concept as practiced for stored products might differ from IPM as historically developed for field crops. This book discusses a wide variety of control strategies used for stored product management and describes some of the IPM components. The editors included chemical and non-chemical methods, as both are essential in IPM. They set the scene for more information regarding emerging issues in stored product protection, such as emerging, alien and invasive species as threats for global food security, as well as the importance of stored-product arthropods for human health. Finally, the analysis of the economics of stored product protection is presented, from theory to practice.

The properties of incoming raw ingredients have a great impact on the processing, storage, and resulting quality of all food products, yet the effects of agronomic practices on product quality and safety are often not well understood, as illustrated by the BSE outbreak in cattle and other public health crises. This book is the first to relate different agronomic practices to differenct product types, and to relate all to the final safety and quality of foods and drinks. In particular, factors such as variety or species, fertilizer or feed regimes, effect of water, climate, and microbiological loading can all have large effects on the processing properties and final flavor, texture and color of foods. Written by experts in their fields, this highly practical book provides essential information for food scientists and technologists as well as other professionals in food processing and food ingredients.

Research and development on microorganisms in food has evolved from a luxury to a necessity for companies competing in the global marketplace. Whether research is conducted internally or externally through contract laboratories and universities, microbial research in foods is crucial to the safety and integrity of our food supply. Microbiological Research and Development for the Food Industry covers the technical and practical insights needed for developing and utilizing various capabilities to advance food microbiology research. Providing examples of how research data can be applied to consumer and brand protection efforts, this book: Describes the purposes and processes for conducting microbiological research and development for companies and organizations involved in food, beverage, and ingredient production and distribution Covers a broad range of topics of importance to food microbiologists in allied food industries and organizations, government, and academia Includes examples of successful research methods for food microbiology laboratories Written to walk the reader through the process of investigating microorganisms in food systems for consumer and brand protection, Microbiological Research and Development for the Food Industry provides practical understanding of the necessary mechanisms and research approaches used in the field. It fuses the business and scientific aspects of microbiological research to underscore the return on investment for beverage and food ingredient producers. This text goes beyond routine presence/absence testing of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in foods. It describes ways data can be collected to answer more complex questions and provides examples of how such data can be applied to consumer and brand protection efforts.

Food Product Development presents in-depth, how to guidance to succe ssful food product development. Drawing on the practical experience of 19 industry experts, the book presents a broad overview of practical aspects of industrial food R&D today. In addition, it details how to c ontrol the many facets of food product development and successfully in tegrate the work of professionals from many diverse areas.

Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry fully documents all aspects of the modern solar winery, beginning with the main drivers (environmental, economic and political) and detailing the current winemaking industry and solar technologies available. It details the various energy demands in the winemaking process from harvest to bottling and beyond. Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry catalogues the range of wineries globally that have installed a substantial solar collecting system and uses case study material to give the reader an appreciation of the diversity of solar winery facilities. From large industrial-style wineries to boutique family-run wineries; from new state-of-the-art facilities to 15th-century palaces, the application for solar is limitless. The book deals finally with the physical design, installation and operation of the solar system within the winery environment, detailing the equipment, methodologies, processes and concerns that must be addressed in their creation. This presents the reader with a range of solar design and system options, including: generic system type; installation; mounting arrangements; operation; different module and inverter components and configurations; connection; and finance. Owners, managers and planners involved in the design, building or management of a winemaking facility will derive particular benefit from Solar Energy in the Winemaking Industry, but it will also be of interest to anyone with an interest in the wine or solar industries.

Cereals are one of our most important crops, whether as cash crops for commercial farmers or subsistence crops in the developing third world. This book focuses on the chemistry and technology of cereals, set in the agricultural and socio-economic context. The subject of cereal is given a greater geographical scope than other books that are primarily concerned with wheat and bread. The principles of cereals discussed include structure and composition; economic importance; storage and transportation; analysis; post-harvest losses; and the starch industries. Also dealt with are the industrial processes which are the basis of our common foods - rice, bread, cornflakes, beer; and the common foods of more traditional societies such as the porridges of Africa and the tortillas of the Americas, as well as numerous fermented foods and drinks.

Wheat provides over 20% of the calories for the world population of 5. 3 billion persons. It is widely grown in five of the six continents. It is a highly versatile food product in that it can be stored safely for long periods of time and transported in bulk over long distances. In relative terms, it is reasonably priced; over the past quarter century, the inflation-adjusted price of wheat has been declining. Modern milling and baking technology required for the transformation of wheat grain into consumable baked products is available or accessible in all countries of the world. For these reasons, and because Canada is one of world's leading wheat producing countries, it seemed appropriate to include a major symposium on wheat in the scientific and technical program of the 8th World Congress of Food Science and Technology held in Toronto, Canada during September 29-0ctober 4, 1992. In selecting the topics for the symposium on wheat, we attempted to cover a full range of subjects including economics and marketing, nutrition, grading, processing, constituent chemistry and functionality, biote- nology, and safety of genetically modified wheat varieties. The major focus was on common hard (bread) wheats; separate papers were devoted to the unique characteristics and technological properties of common soft (biscuit) and durum (pasta) wheats. Each paper was presented by an acknowledged international expert. This book provides a more permanent record of the papers presented at the symposium.

The purpose of this book is to serve as essential reading for those innovating and marketing food products for children as well as those determined to better understand the children's marketplace in order to ensure that it is administered in a manner consistent with the long-term aspirations of society. The book begins by setting the scene and looking at the way children influence food choices within the family and the role advertising is thought to play in driving those choices. Professor Stratton of The Psychology Business (Department of Psychology, Leeds University) has world renowned expertise in the methodology of researching family dynamics and he shows which are the prime influences on the family diet. J.W. Thompson Advertising Board Director Jane Mathews then evaluates what constitutes effective advertising and reveals enduring themes within the children's marketplace. In Chapter 3, Dr Kathryn O'Sullivan of the Kellogg's company examines the nutritional importance of food under the title 'Starting the day right'. She demonstrates her expertise for introducing young taste buds to products which 'Break the fast'. Simon Lang, Senior Consultant at the Henley Centre follows by examining not only why food tastes change in children but also why family eating is itself changing and the implications for the future.

This is one of the first books to draw together information and views about international control of food safety from around the world. Demands for safe food, against a background of increasing trade, are making international controls on food safety essential. Agreements on how to control the safety of food to meet these needs are now in place among the major trading blocks, particularly in Europe and in the USA, and more recently, in Australia. This book also describes progress in areas such as systematically reviewing risk from food; developing national infrastructures to enforce standards; and growing input from consumer groups and others, including economists, to the debate on how to set international food standards. Discussed in depth is the effort to achieve global standards for food safety under the auspices of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. There are chapters from world-leading experts on Codex, international control of radiological contamination, pesticides and veterinary drugs, and other chemical contaminants.

The book deals with various consequences of major nuclear accidents, such as in 1986 in Chernobyl and in 2011 in Fukushima. The public is extremely interested in learning more about the movements and risks posed by radiation in the environment related to food supply and food safety. Radionuclides are found in air, water, soil and even in us not only after nuclear accidents because they occur also in nature. Every day, we ingest and inhale radionuclides in our air and food and the water. This book provides a solid underpinning of the basic physical-chemistry and biogeochemistry of naturally occurring and anthrop radioactivity. The mechanisms of radioactive element transfer in the atmosphere, tropospheric and stratospheric diffusion of radioactivity, environmental contamination from accidents and the impact of atmospheric pollution on the food chain, soil and plants, are analyzed and the analytical methods are illustrated. The question of natural radioactivity concentration in building materials is addressed too. While the book contains many case studies and data for Greece, it is of general value. It contributes to the development of international environmentally safe standards and economically reasonable standard regulations based on justified radiological, social and economical legislation concepts.

Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality is the first work on hurdle technology in which all aspects, the possibilities and limitations of hurdle technology, are comprehensively outlined and evaluated. World-renowned on the subject, Leistner and Gould were instrumental in the development of the hurdle technology concept and in the last decades have obtained much practical experience in the application of this successful approach in the food industry worldwide.

Two of the recent books in the Methods in Molecular Biology series, Yeast Protocols and Pichia Protocols, have been narrowly focused on yeasts and, in the latter case, particular species of yeasts. Food Microbiology Pro- cols, of necessity, covers a very wide range of microorganisms. Our book treats four categories of microorganisms affecting foods: (1) Spoilage organisms; (2) pathogens; (3) microorganisms in fermented foods; and (4) microorganisms p- ducing metabolites that affect the flavor or nutritive value of foods. Detailed information is given on each of these categories. There are several chapters devoted to the microorganisms associated with fermented foods: these are of increasing importance in food microbiology, and include one bacteriophage that kills the lactic acid bacteria involved in the manufacture of different foods-cottage cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut, and many others. The other nine chapters give procedures for the maintenance of lactic acid bacteria, the isolation of plasmid and genomic DNA from species of Lac- bacillus, determination of the proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria, det- mination of bacteriocins, and other important topics.

There is a growing global awareness of the link between good diet and health. This fascinating book reviews various functional foods or nutraceuticals and the bio-active compounds they contain in order to identify the role of bioactive compounds such as nisin, micronutrients, and hydrocolloids in the diet in overall human health. It also provides up-to-date information on functional elements like antioxidants, dietary fibres, pre & probiotics, vitamins and mineral-enriched foods in the human diet. Consisting of fifteen chapters, the book offers a systematic review of the key factors in the preparation of functional foods from selected sources, and also describes the processing, preservation and packaging of a range of functional food products. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers working in the field of food science, food technology, and nutrition, as well as for industry experts.

As with the first edition this book includes chapters on established fish processes and new processes and allied issues. The first five chapters cover fish biochemistry affecting processing, curing, surimi and fish mince, chilling and freezing and canning. These established processes can still show innovations and improved theory although their mature status precludes major leaps in knowledge and technology. The four chapters concerned with new areas relevant to fish processing are directed at the increasing globalisation of the fish processing industry and the demands, from legislation and the consumer, for better quality, safer products. One chapter reviews the methods available to identify fish species in raw and processed products. The increased demand for fish products and the reduced catch of commercially-important species has lead to adulteration or substitu tion of these species with cheaper species. The ability to detect these practices has been based on some elegant analytical techniques in electrophoresis."

Volume 2 of this two-volume set offers food scientists and food chemists unique coverage of techniques/applications and methodologies widely used to study biopolymers in general, and food biopolymers in particular. A synthesis of information previously found only in numerous texts and research articles, this volume offers detailed, coverage of both scattering (light, x-ray, neutron) and spectroscopic techniques (NMR, ESR, FT-IR vibrations), circular dichoism, along with numerous applications. Genetic engineering and novel biothechnology methods are presented together with quantitative composition analyses of foods by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). This book should be of interest to food scientists and food chemists.

This book is an overview considering yeast and fermentation. The similarities and differences between yeasts employed in brewing and distilling are reviewed. The implications of the differences during the production of beer and distilled products (potable and industrial) are discussed. This Handbook includes a review of relevant historical developments and achievements in this field, the basic yeast taxonomy and biology, as well as fundamental and practical aspects of yeast cropping (flocculation), handling, storage and propagation. Yeast stress, vitality and viability are also addressed together with flavor production, genetic manipulation, bioethanol formation and ethanol production by non-Saccharomyces yeasts and a Gram-negative bacterium. This information, and a detailed account of yeast research and its implications to both the brewing and distilling processes, is a useful resource to those engaged in fermentation, yeast and their many products and processes.