Headspace gas analysis is an analytical technique that has been successfully applied to food flavors for over 20 years but has experienced a resurgence of interest and innovation in recent years. In its truest form, headspace analysis represents the direct collection and analysis of the mixture of vapors in the space immediately above a food or beverage. The technique offers several advantages for workers interested in how a product smells and ultimately tastes. It offers the advantages of speed, simplicity, and, more importantly, represents the aroma profile a consumer is likely to experience just before consuming the product. Since only volatile components are collected, the sample is totally free of nonvolatile residues which commonly plague comparison liquid-liquid extracts of the same product.
This is the first book devoted to headspace analysis in foods and beverages in more than 20 years. The publication contains chapters on the basic theory of headspace analysis, as well as the theory and application of newly developed headspace techniques, such as solid phase micro extraction, SPME and electronic noses. New concentrating and desorption techniques are described in addition to a raft of food applications including tomato and citrus juices, alcoholic beverages, baguettes, dairy products, lipids, grill flavoring, baked potato, and meat. Chapters on off-flavors as well as aroma-food matrix interactions are also included.

"This is the bible of headspace analysis. If you are involved in, or planning on becoming involved, or want to learn more about, this incredible subject, then buy this book immediately "
Aubrey Parsons, governing council member, International Union for Food Science and Technology"

This book reflects the work of wine marketing experts as expressed in their presentations to the annual three-week Wine Marketing Short Course at the University of California, Davis. The course was initially organized in collaboration with the international wine management curriculum sponsored by the International Organization for Vines and Wines (OIV). We have been involved in this course since its inception a decade ago. This book is intended for students in wine marketing and management, enology, and viticulture who seek to broaden their understanding of the wine sector. It is also intended for those already working in wine market ing and management who seek new ideas and insights. Finally, this book should be of general interest to others involved directly or indirectly in the grape and wine sector. Each chapter was written from the oral presentations of the authors and reflects the spontaneity and informality of the classroom environment. The writing may lack the "gravitas" of academic material, but it accurately presents the thinking and conclusions of those who make a living by mar keting wine. There is some duplication that serves to emphasize important points, and there are several case studies explaining real-life experiences in the industry. Legal requirements and commercial practices cited by authors may differ between regions and among institutions familiar to readers. However, the underlying principles guiding marketing strategies can be applied in different situations, for example, where supermarket wine sales may be restricted or direct sales prohibited."

Written as an introductory food science textbook that excites students and fosters learning, the first edition of Introducing Food Science broke new ground. With an easy-to-read format and innovative sections such as Looking Back, Remember This!, and Looking Ahead, it quickly became popular with students and professors alike. This newly revised second edition keeps the features that made the first edition so well liked, while adding updated information as well as new tables, figures, exercises, and problems. See What's New in the Second Edition: New chapter Sustainability and Distribution Approximately 60 new tables and figures New section at the end of each chapter with problems / exercises to test comprehension Now includes a glossary The book consists of four sections with each one building on the previous section to provide a logical structure and cohesiveness. It contains a series of problems at the end of each chapter to help students test their ability to comprehend the material and to provide instructors a reservoir for assignments, class discussions, and test questions. At least one problem at the end of each chapter involves a calculation so that students can strengthen their quantitative skills. The text introduces the basics of food science and then building on this foundation, explores it sub-disciplines. The well-rounded presentation conveys both commercial and scientific perspectives, providing a true flavor of food science and preparing students for future studies in this field.

The approach to teaching the concepts of food processing to the undergrad uate food science major has evolved over the past 40 years. In most under graduate food science curricula, food processing has been taught on a commodity basis. In many programs, several courses dealt with processing with emphasis on a different commodity, such as fruits and vegetables, dairy products, meat products, and eggs. In most situations, the emphasis was on the unique characteristics of the commodity and very little empha sis on the common elements associated with processing of the different commodities. Quite often the undergraduate student was allowed to select one or two courses from those offered in order to satisfy the minimum standards suggested by the Institute of Food Technologists. The current 1FT minimum standards suggest that the undergradu ate food science major be required to complete at least one food processing course. The description of this course is as follows: One course with lecture and laboratory which covers general characteristics of raw food materials, principles offood preserva tion, processing factors that influence quality, packaging, water and waste management, and sanitation. Prerequisites: general chemistry, physics, and general microbiology."

A number of food engineering operations, in which heat is not used as a preserving factor, have been employed and are applied for preparation (cleaning, sorting, etc.), conversion (milling, agglomeration, etc.) or preservation (irradiation, high pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, etc.) purposes in the food industry. This book presents a comprehensive treatise of all normally used food engineering operations that are carried out at room (or ambient) conditions, whether they are aimed at producing microbiologically safe foods with minimum alteration to sensory and nutritive properties, or they constitute routine preparative or transformation operations. The book is written for both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as for educators and practicing food process engineers. It reviews theoretical concepts, analyzes their use in operating variables of equipment, and discusses in detail different applications in diverse food processes.

This book is the result of collaboration between botanists and food chemists, with the purpose of improving the knowledge of the main wild species of traditional use as foods in the Mediterranean area, focus on ethnobotanical aspects, natural production, uses and nutritional aspects. One of the novelties of the book would be the publication of complete food composition tables of more than 40 species, which are not usually included in nutrient databases of foods. Many of the data included comes from the chemical analysis of representative samples of these species and other are compiled from the scientific literature. Since this topic had not been fully studied, this book provides an interesting tool to be used with the purpose of the revalorization of wild food species, preservation of their traditional uses, and also as alternatives to improve the diversity of modern Mediterranean diets.

...this is a valuable addition to the food analyst;s library. It brings together a well balanced account of the methods available an the literature cited will provide the analyst with all the details needed for setting up water-soluble vitamin assays and further reading to understand why these vitamins are important to those concerned with human nutrition. ' - International Journal of Food Science and Technology This book is of practical use as a tool and reference work of laboratory managers, senior analysts and laboratory technicians in food and vitamin manufactrurinf companies, for those in govenment and research institutes and for medical researchers, public analyst and nutritionist, It can also be recommended for a broad audience including lectures, students of natural sciences and food technologist. - lesbensm Wiss und Technol.'I recommend Water-soluble vitamins Assays in Human Nutrition not only to scientist in academia and industry and students in all food related fields as a valuable and easily used reference... it wll most likely be the first book I reach for when the inevitable question arises.April 1994Price: 115.00UK

Starch hydrolysis products are arguably the most versatile of all food sugar ingredients because they can be designed to meet many different nutritional and technological requirements. This book covers all aspects of starch production, from its hydrolysis to the analysis of the finished product. In addition, the most important derivatives of starch hydrolysis products are described and their applications in the food and, increasingly pharmaceutical industries are detailed. This book is essential reading for industrial food scientists and technologists, particularly those in processing and will be of interest to those involved in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. It is also a valuable reference source for food scientists and nutritionists in academic research institutes.

Providing overview, depth, and expertise, Essentials of Functional Foods is the key resource for all involved in the exciting and rapidly growing arena of functional foods. Every important aspect of functional foods and ingredients is covered, from technology, product groups, and nutrition, to safety, efficacy, and regulation. The editors and their expert contributors emphasize broadly based principles that apply to many functional foods. This book is essential reading for food scientists, researchers, and professionals who are developing, researching, or working with functional foods and ingredients in the food, drug, and dietary supplement industry.

This is a work on the role of fungi in processed and unprocessed foods. In addition to offering practical and applied information on fungi associated with food and beverages this second edition now covers poisonous mushrooms. Topics include water activity, specific commodities, fungi and metabolities as human dietary components, health hazards and mycotoxin producers, and mycotoxin and fungal contaminant detection.

Foods are ingested and become part of our body. This book describes the science and procedure behind the materials in foods that impart their desirable properties. The book can serve as a text in a course in food materials science at the senior or graduate level or as a supplemental text in an advanced food technology course. It cac also serve as a reference book for professionals in the food industry.

Food Structure Engineering and Design for Improved Nutrition, Health and Wellbeing presents new insights on the development of new healthy foods and the understanding of food structure effect on nutrition, health and wellbeing. Sections cover a) New ingredients, typicity and ethnicity of foods in different cultures and geographic regions; b) New and innovative strategies for food structure development; c) Strategies to address the challenges for healthier food products, such the reduction of sugar, salt and fats; d) Assessment of health effect of foods by in vitro and in vivo tests, and more. Edited by experts in the field, and contributed by scientists of different areas such as nutritionists and food engineers, this title offers a broad overview of the field to the readers, boosting their capability to integrate different aspects of product development.

Applying recent advances in biological and physical sciences, food scientists have created "novel food ingredients" enzymatically, chemically or microbiologically. Chief among these are "novel proteins and polysaccharides" which, like the more established traditional macromolecules, can perform multifunctional roles such as thickening, stabilization, gelation or encapsulation and in this way determine to a large extent the shelf life, texture and nutritional value of natural and processed foods. Featuring the latest advances on chemistry, structure and functional properties of "novel proteins and polysaccharides," with an emphasis on fundamental structure-function relationships, this book will be valuable to all those working in product development and fundamental food research.

Microwave and Radio Frequency Heating in Food and Beverages discusses advanced heating techniques based on electromagnetic and electro-technologies, including radiative or microwave (MW) dielectric heating, radio-frequency (RF) or capacitive dielectric heating, infrared (IR) heating, ohmic and magnetic induction heating. Unlike conventional systems where heat energy is transferred from a hot medium to a cooler product resulting in large temperature gradients, electro-heating involves the transfer of electromagnetic energy directly into the product, initiating volumetric heating due to frictional interaction between water molecules and charged ions (i.e., heat is generated within the product).

The objective of this book is to introduce, organize, and document the scientific, technical and practical aspects involved with the man ufacture, storage, distribution and marketing of minimally pro cessed refrigerated (MPR) fruits and vegetables. The overall func tion of these foods is to provide a convenient, like-fresh product for food service and retail consumers. A high level of quality accom panied by superior safety are essential requisites of MPR fruits and vegetables. Since refrigeration or chilling is essential to the quality and safety of these food products, "refrigeration" is included in the title of this book, i.e. MPRefrigerated fruits and vegetables. This swiftly emerging area of processing requires organization and unification of thinking concerning fruit and vegetable food products which are not considered commercially sterile from a classical stand point. Fruits and vegetables require very special attention because of the multitude of enzymic and respiratory factors as well as mi crobiological concerns which impact on the safety of low acid and acidified vegetables and on the economic viability of high acid fruit products of all kinds."

Fundamentals of Cheese Science provides comprehensive coverage of the scientific aspects of cheese, emphasizing fundamental principles. The book's 23 chapters cover the chemistry and microbiology of milk for cheesemaking, starter cultures, coagulation of milk by enzymes or by acidification, the microbiology and biochemistry of cheese ripening, the flavor and rheology of cheese, processed cheese, cheese as a food ingredient, public health and nutritional aspects of cheese, and various methods used for the analysis of cheese. The book contains copious references to other texts and review articles. This broadly based resource is written for personnel involved in various production and quality control functions in the cheese industry, senior undergraduates, and post-graduate students.

This book illustrates the major trends in applied microbiology research with immediate or potential industrial applications. The papers proposed reflect the diversity of the application fields. New microbial developments have been done as well in the food and health sectors than in the environmental technology or in the fine chemical production. All the microbial genera are involved : yeast, fungi and bacteria. The development of biotechnology in parallel with the industrial microbiology has enabled the application of microbial diversity to our socio-economical world. The remarkable properties of microbes, inherent in their genetic and enzymatic material, allow a wide range of applications that can improve our every day life. Recent studies for elucidating the molecular basis of the physiological processes in micro-organisms are essential to improve and to control the metabolic pathways to overproduce metabolites or enzymes of industrial interest. The genetic engineering is of course one of the disciplines offering new horizons for the " fantastic microbial factory " . Studies of the culture parameter incidence on the physiology and the morphology are essential to control the response of the micro-organisms before its successful exploitation at the industrial scale. For this purpose, fundamental viewpoints are necessary. Development of novel approaches to characterise micro-organisms would also facilitate the understanding of the inherent metabolic diversity of the microbial world, in terms of adaptation to a wide range of biotopes and establishment of microbial consortia.

As was the case with Charles Ross's Packaging of Pharmaceuticals published by the UK Institute of Packaging in 1975 it is assumed that the reader of this book already has a broad understanding of the basics of packaging. If not the Packaging Users Handbook and the Handbook of Food Packaging are recommended. The packaging needs of pharmaceuticals are different in degree only from those of other perishable products such as processed foods. Because the required action of a medication can be nullified by any deterioration in its active principles the protection required from its packaging is at least an order of magnitude greater than that needed by foods for example. Functional efficiency is therefore of prime importance. Conversely the need for the packaging to 'sell' the medication is much less, hence the graphics required need only provide the right 'image' for the product when presented for use in hospital or surgery. Even when on sale at the pharmacy the 'appeal' required is that of providing hygiene and confidence more than anything else. Thus, the textual requirements are paramount including traceability (batch numbers, date-coding etc) in case of recall; while striking appearance to attract customer attention is in lower key. And with the increase in malicious tampering nowadays recall is more frequent.

This new book updates and expands Harold Burton's classic book, UHT Processing of Milk and Milk Products, to provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage of thermal processing of liquid and particulate foods. The food products covered now include soups, sauces, fruit juices, and other beverages, in addition to milk and milk products. Pasteurization, sterilization, and aseptic processing are all discussed, with emphasis on the underlying principles and problems of heat treatment of more viscous fluids, where streamline flow conditions are likely to prevail, and of products containing particles. Pasteurization and heat treatments designed to further extend the shelf life of pasteurized products are also discussed, and the pasteurization and sterilization processes are compared to highlight similarities and differences. Throughout, factors influencing the safety and quality of heated foods are emphasized. This book contains over 100 illustrations and 50 tables, as well as extensive cross-referencing and a comprehensive reference section.

Snack Foods: Processing and Technology presents the use of different raw materials, processing technologies, quality attributes of snacks, machinery requirements, and innovative thoughts for future product development. These items are discussed in 15 chapters, including recent technologies leading to the industrial production of popular snacks and healthy products. The discussion on artistic snacks and troubleshooting are the new addi>tions. This book will be of use to entrepreneurs, academic and research institutes, professionals in the field, and personnel from industries.

Probiotic microorganisms have a long history of use, and their health benefits for hosts are well documented. This Microbiology Monographs volume provides an overview of the current knowledge and applications of probiotics. Reviews cover the biology and probiotic potential of the thoroughly studied prokaryotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, several eukaryotic microorganisms, probiotic strain characterization, and the analytical methods (such as FISH, microarray, and high throughput sequencing) required for their study. Further chapters describe the positive effects of probiotics on malabsorption disorders such as diarrhea and lactose intolerance, and document the clinical evidence of benefits in treating allergies and lung emphysema, and in dermatological applications. Also addresses are topics such as genetically engineered strains, new carriers for probiotics, protection techniques, challenges of health claims, safety aspects, and future market trends.

This book on frozen food, as its title suggests, is written for the food technologist and food scientist in the frozen food industry, which includes both food and equipmentmanufacturers. The information will also be useful for otherdisciplines within the food industry as awhole, and for studentsoffood technology. The book, the aimofwhich is to provide an up-to-date reviewofthe technologyofthe frozen food industry, has been divided into two parts, dealing with generic industry issues and specific product areas, respectively. The first section opens with a chapter on the physics and chemistryoffreezing, including a review ofglassy states. The practical realisationoffreezing is covered in the next chapter, which also covers frozen distribution and storage. Chapter 3 deals with packaging and packaging machinery, a sector where there has recently of product safety is been considerable technological progress. The key area discussed in detail in chapter 4, and includes microbiology and hygienic factory design, as well as consumer reheating, particularly microwave reheating. Health and dietary considerations have become much more important to consumers, and chapter 5 reviews the current nutritional status of frozen foods and their role in a modem diet. The driving force for scientific and technological change in frozen foods is the massive market for its products and the consequent competitive pressures, and the first part ofthe book concludes with a chapter on development ofnew frozen products, and how to apply the technical knowledge, both generic and product specific, to innovate in a consumer-driven market.