The interrelation of globalization, communication, and media has prompted many individuals to view the world in terms of a new dichotomy: the global "wired" (nations with widespread online access) and the global "tired" (nations with very limited online access). In this way, differing levels of online access have created an international rift - the global digital divide. The nature, current status, and future projections related to this rift, in turn, have important implications for all of the world's citizens. Yet these problems are not intractable. Rather, with time and attention, public policies and private sector practices can be developed or revised to close this divide and bring more of the world's citizens to the global stage on a more equal footing. The first step in addressing problems resulting from the global digital divide is to improve understanding, that is, organizations and individuals must understand what factors contribute to this global digital divide for them to address it effectively. From this foundational understanding, organizations can take the kinds of focused, coordinated actions needed to address such international problems effectively. This collection represents an initial step toward examining the global digital divide from the perspective of developing nations and the challenges their citizens face in today's error of communication-driven globalization. The entries in this collection each represent different insights on the digital divide from the perspectives of developing nations - many of which have been overlooked in previous discussions of this topic. This book examines globalization and its effects from the perspective of how differences in access to online communication technologies between the economically developed countries and less economically developed countries is affecting social, economic, educational, and political developments in the world's emerging economies. This collection also examines how this situation is creating a global digital divide that will have adverse consequences for all nations. Each of the book's chapters thus presents trends and ideas related to the global digital divide between economically developed countries and less economically developed nations. Through this approach, the contributors present perspectives from the economically developing nations themselves versus other texts that explore this topic from the perspective of economically developed countries. In this way, the book provides a new and an important perspective to the growing literature on the global digital divide. The primary audiences for this text would include individuals from both academics and industry practitioners. The academic audience would include administrators in education; researchers; university, college, and community college instructors; and students at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.

This book contains contributions presented at the 12th International Conference on Complex Networks (CompleNet), 24-26 May 2021. CompleNet is an international conference on complex networks that brings together researchers and practitioners from diverse disciplines-from sociology, biology, physics, and computer science-who share a passion to better understand the interdependencies within and across systems. CompleNet is a venue to discuss ideas and findings about all types networks, from biological, to technological, to informational and social. It is this interdisciplinary nature of complex networks that CompleNet aims to explore and celebrate.

I Grundlagen.- Wer braucht wofur Avatare? Konzeption und Implementierung naturlichsprachlicher Systeme - Zur Einfuhrung.- Die Bedeutung von naturlichsprachlichen Dialogsystemen im Internet-Business.- Technische Grundlagen von naturlichsprachlichen Dialogsystemen.- Ein Quantensprung fur Dialogsysteme.- II E-Business und Avatare.- "Ich habe Ihre Eingabe leider nicht verstanden" - Qualitatskriterien fur Online-Tests von Bots.- Strategien fur Dialogfuhrungssysteme - Automation der Kundenkommunikation im Kontaktkanal Internet.- Schoen - schnell - schlau: Online-Marketing mit Avataren.- Avatare und die Usability von Websites.- Support-Chat und Avatare als Mittel der persoenlichen Kundenbetreuung im World Wide Web.- Cor@: Der Avatar der Deutschen Bank - Eine Fallstudie aus der Sicht des Auftragnehmers.- PIA - Der virtuelle Einkaufs-Guide - Eine Fallstudie des Club Bertelsmann.- Ein virtueller Berater fur Yello - Auswahl, Implementierung und Betrieb eines Avatars.- III Marketing und Avatare.- Darf's ein bisschen menschlicher sein? - Virtuelle Charaktere am Point of Sale.- Robert T-Online - Eine Karriere zwischen Wirklichkeit und Cyberspace.- Robert T-Online - Ein universeller Markenbotschafter.- Avatare und Entertainment.- It's time for a Strike! - Wahlkampf einer digitalen Prasidentschaftskandidatin.- IV Ausblick.- Mehr als nur ein nettes Gesicht: Embodied conversational interface agents.- Mit Hand und Fuss - Die Bedeutung der nonverbalen Kommunikation fur die Emotionalisierung von Dialogfuhrungssystemen.- Virtualisierung und Personalisierung - Technologietrends machen Avatare zur innovativen Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle.

This book is an introduction to a new branch of archaeology that scrutinises landscapes to find evidence of past human activity. Such evidence can be hard to detect at ground-level, but may be visible in remote sensing (RS) imagery from aerial platforms and satellites. Drawing on examples from around the world as well as from her own research work on archaeological sites in India (including Nalanda, Agra, Srirangapatna, Talakadu, and Mahabalipuram), the author presents a systematic process for integrating this information with historical spatial records such as old maps, paintings, and field surveys using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to gain new insights into our past. Further, the book highlights several instances where these insights are actionable -- they have been used to identify, understand, conserve, and protect the fragile remnants of our past. This book will be of particular interest not only to researchers in archaeology, history, art history, and allied fields, but to governmental and non-governmental professionals working in cultural heritage protection and conservation.

Voronoi diagrams partition space according to the influence certain sites exert on their environment. Since the 17th century, such structures play an important role in many areas like Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, Economics, Mathematics and Computer Science. They help to describe zones of political influence, to determine the hospital nearest to an accident site, to compute collision-free paths for mobile robots, to reconstruct curves and surfaces from sample points, to refine triangular meshes, and to design location strategies for competing markets. This unique book offers a state-of-the-art view of Voronoi diagrams and their structure, and it provides efficient algorithms towards their computation. Readers with an entry-level background in algorithms can enjoy a guided tour of gently increasing difficulty through a fascinating area. Lecturers might find this volume a welcome source for their courses on computational geometry. Experts are offered a broader view, including many alternative solutions, and up-to-date references to the existing literature; they might benefit in their own research or application development.

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The intersection of supply chain management and e-business information systems is a significant topic for the modern business world as understanding which technologies will most effectively enable innovative practices is a key management competency. Innovations in Supply Chain Management for Information Systems: Novel Approaches presents exemplary research on the interface between these two fields, useful to academicians and practitioners keen on streamlining concurrently both information and materials flows across the supply chains. This advanced publication provides recent examinations as well as future directions of development.

From cloud computing to big data to mobile technologies, there is a vast supply of information being mined and collected. With an abundant amount of information being accessed, stored, and saved, basic controls are needed to protect and prevent security incidents as well as ensure business continuity. Applications of Security, Mobile, Analytic, and Cloud (SMAC) Technologies for Effective Information Processing and Management is a vital resource that discusses various research findings and innovations in the areas of big data analytics, mobile communication and mobile applications, distributed systems, and information security. With a focus on big data, the internet of things (IoT), mobile technologies, cloud computing, and information security, this book proves a vital resource for computer engineers, IT specialists, software developers, researchers, and graduate-level students seeking current research on SMAC technologies and information security management systems.

This book describes a variety of test generation algorithms for testing crosstalk delay faults in VLSI circuits. It introduces readers to the various crosstalk effects and describes both deterministic and simulation-based methods for testing crosstalk delay faults. The book begins with a focus on currently available crosstalk delay models, test generation algorithms for delay faults and crosstalk delay faults, before moving on to deterministic algorithms and simulation-based algorithms used to test crosstalk delay faults. Given its depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to design engineers and researchers in the field of VLSI Testing.

This book discusses the application of metaheuristic algorithms in a number of important optimization problems in civil engineering. Advances in civil engineering technologies require greater accuracy, efficiency and speed in terms of the analysis and design of the corresponding systems. As such, it is not surprising that novel methods have been developed for the optimal design of real-world systems and models with complex configurations and large numbers of elements. This book is intended for scientists, engineers and students wishing to explore the potential of newly developed metaheuristics in practical problems. It presents concepts that are not only applicable to civil engineering problems, but can also used for optimizing problems related to mechanical, electrical, and industrial engineering. It is an essential resource for civil, mechanical and electrical engineers who use optimization methods for design, as well as for students and researchers interested in structural optimization.

The growing presence of smart phones and smart devices has caused significant changes to wireless networks. With the ubiquity of these technologies, there is now increasingly more available data for mobile operators to utilize. Big Data Applications in the Telecommunications Industry is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly material on the use of data analytics to study wireless networks and examines how these techniques can increase reliability and profitability, as well as network performance and connectivity. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant topics, such as accessibility, traffic data, and customer satisfaction, this publication is ideally designed for engineers, students, professionals, academics, and researchers seeking innovative perspectives on data science and wireless network communications. Topics Covered The many academic areas covered in this publication include, but are not limited to: Anomaly Detection Co-Occurrence Data Modeling Consumer Feedback Customer Satisfaction and Retention Network Accessibility Social Networks Traffic Data

Computational Methods for Agricultural Research: Advances and Applications brings computing solutions to ancient practices and modern concerns, sowing the seeds for a sustainable, constant food supply. This book treats subjects as old modeling flood patterns and predicting potential climates to distinctly 21st century topics such as pesticide leaching models and the impact of agricultural policy. All of these studies utilize cutting-edge computational techniques of interest to both academics and practitioners in agriculture but also computational modeling researchers, creating a reference practical significance.

Applications and Developments in Grid, Cloud, and High Performance Computing provides insight into the current trends and emerging issues by investigating grid and cloud evolution, workflow management, and the impact new computing systems have on the education fields as well as the industries. This book is practical for both researchers and IT professionals.

The excitement of having your own games console, the unrivaled emotion of opening a new game, the awe of discovery and the thrilling atmosphere of the 80s. Now you can feel all the excitement again, while developing your own games for Intellivision consoles. A smooth trip using an easily readable language across the foundations of game programming, including the complete source code to 4 amazing games: Game of Ball, Monkey Moon, Space Raider and Bouncy Cube. All tools and information are provided, as well as links to download the required development software.

For courses in object-oriented systems analysis and design. This text teaches students object-oriented systems analysis and design in a highly practical and accessible way.

This book presents the latest research in the fields of reliability theory and its applications, providing a comprehensive overview of reliability engineering and discussing various tools, techniques, strategies and methods within these areas. Reliability analysis is one of the most multidimensional topics in the field of systems reliability engineering, and while its rapid development creates opportunities for industrialists and academics, it is also means that it is hard to keep up to date with the research taking place. By gathering findings from institutions around the globe, the book offers insights into the international developments in the field. As well as discussing the current areas of research, it also identifies knowledge gaps in reliability theory and its applications and highlights fruitful avenues for future research. Covering topics from life cycle sustainability to performance analysis of cloud computing, this book is ideal for upper undergraduate and postgraduate researchers studying reliability engineering.

Computational finance deals with the mathematics of computer programs that realize financial models or systems. This book outlines the epistemic risks associated with the current valuations of different financial instruments and discusses the corresponding risk management strategies. It covers most of the research and practical areas in computational finance. Starting from traditional fundamental analysis and using algebraic and geometric tools, it is guided by the logic of science to explore information from financial data without prejudice. In fact, this book has the unique feature that it is structured around the simple requirement of objective science: the geometric structure of the data = the information contained in the data.

Like systems and procedures in most areas of modern society, the functioning of courts throughout the world has been enormously affected by information and communication technologies (ICT). It has become crucial for lawyers to keep pace with technical changes in judicial systems, especially in international cases where an understanding of procedural variations from one system to another could spell the difference between success and failure. This text has been written by experts who have been engaged in the planning and implementation of ICT in the courts of their respective countries. To ensure information that is as homogeneous as possible, and to facilitate cross-border comparisons, the authors have followed a common and detailed "blueprint" which includes a brief description of the judicial system under discussion. Specific areas of court technology covered include case management systems, electronic filing, and electronic data interchange. Although the emphasis is on EU Member States, a general overview of ICT applications in some Latin American judiciaries is also provided.

The books in this trilogy capture the foundational core of advanced informatics. The authors make the foundations accessible, enabling students to become effective problem solvers. This first volume establishes the inductive approach as a fundamental principle for system and domain analysis. After a brief introduction to the elementary mathematical structures, such as sets, propositional logic, relations, and functions, the authors focus on the separation between syntax (representation) and semantics (meaning), and on the advantages of the consistent and persistent use of inductive definitions. They identify compositionality as a feature that not only acts as a foundation for algebraic proofs but also as a key for more general scalability of modeling and analysis. A core principle throughout is invariance, which the authors consider a key for the mastery of change, whether in the form of extensions, transformations, or abstractions. This textbook is suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses in computer science and for self-study. Most chapters contain exercises and the content has been class-tested over many years in various universities.

This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book presents computer programming as a key method for solving mathematical problems. This second edition of the well-received book has been extensively revised: All code is now written in Python version 3.6 (no longer version 2.7). In addition, the two first chapters of the previous edition have been extended and split up into five new chapters, thus expanding the introduction to programming from 50 to 150 pages. Throughout the book, the explanations provided are now more detailed, previous examples have been modified, and new sections, examples and exercises have been added. Also, a number of small errors have been corrected. The book was inspired by the Springer book TCSE 6: A Primer on Scientific Programming with Python (by Langtangen), but the style employed is more accessible and concise, in keeping with the needs of engineering students. The book outlines the shortest possible path from no previous experience with programming to a set of skills that allows students to write simple programs for solving common mathematical problems with numerical methods in the context of engineering and science courses. The emphasis is on generic algorithms, clean program design, the use of functions, and automatic tests for verification.

This book explores emerging topics in atomic- and nano-scale electronics after the era of Moore's Law, covering both the physical principles behind, and technological implementations for many devices that are now expected to become key elements of the future of nanoelectronics beyond traditional complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS). Moore's law is not a physical law itself, but rather a visionary prediction that has worked well for more than 50 years but is rapidly coming to its end as the gate length of CMOS transistors approaches the length-scale of only a few atoms. Thus, the key question here is: "What is the future for nanoelectronics beyond CMOS?" The possible answers are found in this book. Introducing novel quantum devices such as atomic-scale electronic devices, ballistic devices, memristors, superconducting devices, this book also presents the reader with the physical principles underlying new ways of computing, as well as their practical implementation. Topics such as quantum computing, neuromorphic computing are highlighted here as some of the most promising candidates for ushering in a new era of atomic-scale electronics beyond CMOS.