Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes provides readers with a general and indispensable overview of processing rainfall processes through radar techniques, numerical models, geostatistical tools, photogrammetric methods, plots, indexes of connectivity or rainfall simulations. The handbook follows a clear and consistent format, and is structured as follows: Introduction (State-of-the-Art); Part 1. Rainfall and climate/atmosphere; Part 2. Models and applications; Part 3. Rainfall as a key actor playing the main role affecting different ecosystems. Part 3: Rainfall affecting the earth surface from different scales and landforms; Part 4: Rainfall and stormwater quality management in urban and rural areas. Precipitation is a key factor needed for understanding landscape evolution and ecosystem services. Knowing the main precipitation composition, mechanisms and processes allows for efficient land management plans and ecosystem restoration activities. However, precipitation shows different responses under specific environments depending on the climate (from the arid to the polar areas), parent material, scale (from the raindrops to catchment scale), intensity, landscape morphologies (soil sealing, rills, gullies or rivers) or human activities (agriculture or urban areas). Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes bring this information together and provides indispensable material in a holistic manner for students, scientists and lecturers from different environmental disciplines such as climatology, meteorology, geomorphology, hydrology, soil science, geography, engineering, or ecology.

Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies explores concepts, strategies and recent advancements in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops, highlighting the latest advances in molecular breeding, genome sequencing and functional genomics approaches. Further sections present specific insights on different aspects of abiotic stress tolerance from classical breeding, hybrid breeding, speed breeding, epigenetics, gene/quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, transgenics, physiological and biochemical approaches to OMICS approaches, including functional genomics, proteomics and genomics assisted breeding. Due to constantly changing environmental conditions, abiotic stress such as high temperature, salinity and drought are being understood as an imminent threat to horticultural crops, including their detrimental effects on plant growth, development, reproduction, and ultimately, on yield. This book offers a comprehensive resource on new developments that is ideal for anyone working in the field of abiotic stress management in horticultural crops, including researchers, students and educators.

Analysis of Chemical Residues in Agriculture presents a focused, yet comprehensive guide on how to identify, evaluate and analyze the wide range of chemicals that impact our food production system. The book presents a variety of analytical technologies and methods in order to help professionals, researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students understand chemical residues in agriculture and apply them to applications for the detection and quantification of chemical residues - both organic and inorganic - in several agricultural matrices, including crops, fruits, meat, food, feed, soil and water. Agriculture remains one of the most strategic sectors for the global economy and well-being. However, it is seen as a source of environmental and health concerns mainly due to the high amount of pesticides and fertilizers used in production systems around the world; moreover, a thorough understanding of the topic is necessary when we consider livestock production systems also apply large amounts of veterinary drugs to treat illness and promote increases in productivity.

Microbiome Stimulants for Crops: Mechanisms and Applications provides the latest developments in the real-world development and application of these crop management alternatives in a cost-effective, yield protective way. Sections address questions of research, development and application, with insights into recent legislative efforts in Europe and the United States. The book includes valuable information regarding mechanisms and the practical information needed to support the growing microbial inoculant and biostimulant industry, thus helping focus scientific research in new directions.

Formation and Structure of Planets, Volume 62 in the Advances in Geophysics series, highlights new chapters on a variety of topics in the field, including The evolution of multi-method imaging of structures and processes in environmental geophysics, An introduction to variational inference in Geophysical inverse problems, Moment tensor inversion, and more.

The book Methods in Silkworm Microbiology is the first ever publication that provides in-depth reviews on the latest progresses about silkworm -pathogen interactions, diseases and management practices for sustainable development of sericulture. Different molecular and immunodiagnostic methods for the detection of pathogens have been comprehensively addressed. Most recent advancements on the role of Micro RNAs in silkworm and pathogen interactions are provided with suitable illustrations. Recent technological advances and emerging trends in exploring silkworm gut microbial communities towards translation research, particularly to understand microbiome functions have been highlighted. Information on various immune mechanisms of silkworm against invading pathogens is summarized. The book further highlights the silkworm gut microbiota as a potential source for biotechnological applications.

Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern Provides the analytical methodology required to detect different families of organic compounds of emerging concern (CECs) from environmental samples Most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) --such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, sunscreens, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics--have been present in the environment for years, yet some have only recently been identified, and many of these organic compounds remain unregulated. Analytical methods have been developed to determine the toxicity and risk of different families of CECs. Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern presents the methods currently available to determine families of organic CECs in environmental samples. Each section of the book is devoted to a particular family of CECs, covering different analytical methods supported by examples of both cutting-edge research and commonly used methods. An international panel of experts describes every step of the analytical procedures, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry or other instrumental techniques. Specific requirements are linked to the properties of the contaminants and the sample matrix for each procedure presented. Throughout the book, in-depth case studies of analytical procedures for CEC extraction, separation, and determination are presented to help readers transfer the analytical methods to their laboratories. Provides detailed descriptions of various approaches for determining each group of CECs in environmental samples Covers different types of aqueous, solid, and atmospheric samples Includes up-to-date information on CEC properties, relevant legislation, reported or potential metabolites/transformation products, and environmental occurrence Addresses CECs such as novel psychoactive substances, artificial sweeteners, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, and microplastics Offers practical tips and advice on special care procedures to assist readers in CEC determination Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern is an essential reference and guide for advanced students and researchers in analytical chemistry and science, environmental science, forensic science, and specialized subjects related to analytical chemistry.

Climate Change Science: Causes, Effects and Solutions for Global Warming presents unbiased, state-of-the-art, scientific knowledge on climate change and engineering solutions for mitigation. The book expands on all major prospective solutions for tackling climate change in a complete manner. It comprehensively explains the variety of climate solutions currently available, including the remaining challenges associated with each. Effective, complementary solutions for engineering to combat climate change are discussed and elaborated on. Some of the more high-risk proposals are qualitatively and quantitatively compared and contrasted with low-risk mitigation actions to facilitate the formulation of feasible, environmentally-friendly solutions. The book provides academics, postgraduate students and other readers in the fields of environmental science, climate change, atmospheric sciences and engineering with the information they need for their roles. Through exploring the fundamental information currently available, exergy utilization, large-scale solutions, and current solutions in place, the book is an invaluable look into how climate change can be addressed from an engineering-perspective using scientific models and calculations.

Environmental Systems Science: Theory and Practical Applications looks at pollution and environmental quality from a systems perspective. Credible human and ecological risk estimation and prediction methods are described, including life cycle assessment, feasibility studies, pollution control decision tools, and approaches to determine adverse outcome pathways, fate and transport, sampling and analysis, and cost-effectiveness. The book brings translational science to environmental quality, applying groundbreaking methodologies like informatics, data mining, and applications of secondary data systems. Multiple human and ecological variables are introduced and integrated to support calculations that aid environmental and public health decision making. The book bridges the perspectives of scientists, engineers, and other professionals working in numerous environmental and public health fields addressing problems like toxic substances, deforestation, climate change, and loss of biological diversity, recommending sustainable solutions to these and other seemingly intractable environmental problems. The causal agents discussed include physical, chemical, and biological agents, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), SARS-CoV-2 (the COVID-19 virus), and other emerging contaminants.

Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, Second Edition provides those involved in water purification research and administration with a comprehensive resource of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from contaminants, both natural and human caused. The book includes an overview of the subject and discusses major water-related issues in developing and developed countries. Issues covered include sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, disinfectants, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are discussed at length. In addition, the luxury of municipal water purified for human consumption is unavailable for a very large number of people. To help solve this problem, some economical water purification techniques, including a million-dollar Grainger prizewinner that can save millions of lives have been included. This fully updated second edition includes four new chapters on topics such as the GenX Water Contamination Problem, the impact of climate change on water, and green chemistry solutions to water pollution.

Boundary Science and the Pursuit of Sustainable Development: Lessons from Global Public Goods Research on the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus addresses the problem of how global research can reorient itself to better address sustainable goals and objectives through the use of place-based observatories that support multi-dimensional modelling. The book will provide an overview of the impact of case studies and field trials in addressing critical questions of poverty reduction and sustainable development. This discussion will be followed by an examination of a theoretical framework for boundary science that elaborates upon the Nexus approach to environmental management.

Advances in Streamflow Forecasting: From Traditional to Modern Approaches covers the three major data-driven approaches of streamflow forecasting including traditional approach of statistical and stochastic time-series modelling with their recent developments, stand-alone data-driven approach such as artificial intelligence techniques, and modern hybridized approach where data-driven models are combined with preprocessing methods to improve the forecast accuracy of streamflows and to reduce the forecast uncertainties. This book starts by providing the background information, overview, and advances made in streamflow forecasting. The overview portrays the progress made in the field of streamflow forecasting over the decades. Thereafter, chapters describe theoretical methodology of the different data-driven tools and techniques used for streamflow forecasting along with case studies from different parts of the world. Each chapter provides a flowchart explaining step-by-step methodology followed in applying the data-driven approach in streamflow forecasting. This book addresses challenges in forecasting streamflows by abridging the gaps between theory and practice through amalgamation of theoretical descriptions of the data-driven techniques and systematic demonstration of procedures used in applying the techniques. Language of this book is kept simple to make the readers understand easily about different techniques and make them capable enough to straightforward replicate the approach in other areas of their interest. This book will be vital for hydrologists when optimizing the water resources system, and to mitigate the impact of destructive natural disasters such as floods and droughts by implementing long-term planning (structural and nonstructural measures), and short-term emergency warning. Moreover, this book will guide the readers in choosing an appropriate technique for streamflow forecasting depending upon the given set of conditions.

The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal is a state-of-the-art reference featuring contributions focusing on the impact of microbes on the safe long-term disposal of nuclear waste. This book is the first to cover this important emerging topic, and is written for a wide audience encompassing regulators, implementers, academics, and other stakeholders. The book is also of interest to those working on the wider exploitation of the subsurface, such as bioremediation, carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and water quality. Planning for suitable facilities in the U.S., Europe, and Asia has been based mainly on knowledge from the geological and physical sciences. However, recent studies have shown that microbial life can proliferate in the inhospitable environments associated with radioactive waste disposal, and can control the long-term fate of nuclear materials. This can have beneficial and damaging impacts, which need to be quantified.

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse - Lessons Learned in Technological Developments and Management Issues, Volume 6 explores emerging and state-of-the-art technologies. Chapters cover Treatment options for the direct reuse of reclaimed water in developing countries, Water reuse in India: Current perspectives and future potential, Water reuse practices, solutions and trends at international, Impact of the use of treated wastewater for agricultural need: behavior of organic micropollutants in soil, transfer to crops, and related risks, Environmental risks of sewage sludge reuse in agriculture, Modeling tools for risk management in reclaimed wastewater reuse systems: Focus on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and much more.

Microbe Mediated Remediation of Environmental Contaminants presents recent scientific progress in applying microbes for environmental management. The book explores the current existing practical applications and provides information to help readers develop new practices and applications. Edited by recognized leaders in the field, this penetrating assessment of our progress to date in deploying microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and biotechnology will be widely welcomed by those working in soil contamination management, agriculture, environment management, soil microbiology, and waste management. The polluting effects on the world around us of soil erosion, the unwanted migration of sediments, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper treatment of human and animal wastes have resulted in serious environmental and social problems around the world, problems which require us to look for solutions elsewhere than established physical and chemical technologies. Often the answer lies in hybrid applications in which microbial methods are combined with physical and chemical ones. When we remember that these highly effective microorganisms, cultured for a variety of applications, are but a tiny fraction of those to be found in the world around us, we realize the vastness of the untapped and beneficial potential of microorganisms.

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse - Present and Future Perspectives in Technological Developments and Management Issues, Volume 5 explores a wide breadth of emerging and state-of-the-art technologies, with chapters in this new release covering In which direction are worldwide regulations for direct reuse of reclaimed water moving?, A focus on the California experience on the reuse of reclaimed water - Current trends and future perspectives in the regulation, Water scarcity and climate change in the Mediterranean area: is reuse of reclaimed water a strategy to face these problems?, Environmental risks due to the reuse of treated sludge for agricultural purposes, and much more.

Advances in Geophysics, Volume 61 - Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences, the latest release in this highly-respected publication in the field of geophysics, contains new chapters on a variety of topics, including a historical review on the development of machine learning, machine learning to investigate fault rupture on various scales, a review on machine learning techniques to describe fractured media, signal augmentation to improve the generalization of deep neural networks, deep generator priors for Bayesian seismic inversion, as well as a review on homogenization for seismology, and more.

'Deep adaptation' refers to the personal and collective changes that might help us to prepare for - and live with - a climate-influenced breakdown or collapse of our societies. It is a framework for responding to the terrifying realization of increasing disruption by committing ourselves to reducing suffering while saving more of society and the natural world. This is the first book to show how professionals across different sectors are beginning to incorporate the acceptance of likely or unfolding societal breakdown into their work and lives. They do not assume that our current economic, social and political systems can be made resilient in the face of climate change but, instead, they demonstrate the caring and creative ways that people are responding to the most difficult realization with which humanity may ever have to come to terms. Edited by the originator of the concept of deep adaptation, Jem Bendell, and a leading climate activist and strategist, Rupert Read, this book is the essential introduction to the concept, practice and emerging global movement of Deep Adaptation to climate chaos.

Controlled Release Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture provides a comprehensive examination of precision fertilizer applications using the 4-R approach-the right amount of fertilizer at the right time to the right plant at the correct stage of plant growth. This volume consolidates detailed information on each aspect of controlled release fertilizers, including up-to-date literature citations, the current market for controlled release fertilizers and patents. Presenting the tremendous advances in experimental and theoretical studies on sustainable agriculture and related areas, this book provides in-depth insight into state-of-the-art controlled release mechanisms of fertilizers, techniques, and their use in sustainable agriculture. Conventional release mechanisms have historically meant waste of fertilizers and the adverse effects of that waste on the environment. Controlled release delivery makes significant strides in enhancing fertilizer benefit to the target plant, while protecting the surrounding environment and increasing sustainability.

Describes the transport of pollutants through the environment and their impact on natural and human systems, fully updated to cover key topics in modern pollution science Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution examines the interactions and adverse effects of pollution on both natural ecosystems and human health, addressing chemical, toxicological, and ecological factors at both the regional and global scale. The book is written using a conceptual framework that follows the interaction of a pollutant with the environment from distribution in the various abiotic sectors of the environment to exposure and effects on individuals and ecosystems. The authors also highlight the critical role of various socio-economic, political, and cultural aspects in achieving sustainable goals, strategies, and science-based solutions to pollution and health. This comprehensive volume covers the chemical behavior and governing principles of pollutants, their interactions with humans and ecosystems, and the methods and processes of environmental risk assessment and pollution management. Extensively revised and expanded, the second edition equips readers with the knowledge required to help lead the way towards a healthy and sustainable future. New chapters address current pollution issues such as global warming and climate change, recent advances in environmental science, the monitoring and evaluation of new and emerging pollutants, risk assessment and remediation, and innovative pollution management approaches and techniques. With in-depth material on human toxicology integrated throughout the text, Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution: Provides an effective framework for interpreting the information produced by international, national, and local agencies Presents unifying theories and principles supported by up-to-date scientific literature Offers broad coverage of pollution science with an emphasis on North America, the UK, Europe, China, India, and Australia Discusses the similarities and differences of the impact of pollutants on the natural environment and humans Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution, Second Edition enables readers to view pollution in its correct perspective and develop appropriate control measures. It is essential reading for scientists, academic researchers, policymakers, professionals working in industry, and advanced students in need of a clear understanding of the nature and effects of environmental pollution.