Growing populations and rising standards of living exert stress on water supply and the quality of drinking water. Some of these pressures can be reduced by demand management and water and wastewater reuse. In wastewater management, new challenges are caused by new chemicals of concern, including endocrine disrupters, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products, which often pass through wastewater treatment plants unabated, but may cause serious impacts on receiving aquatic ecosystems. Thus, there is a need to address the sources, fate and transport of these new chemicals. Advanced wastewater treatment leads to production of biosolids, which are processed in various ways, including on-land applications in agriculture. Again, there are some human health concerns regarding these practices. Municipal effluents, combined with increasing withdrawals of water, lead to the worsening of receiving water quality. Expert opinions indicate that the only way to deal with the current urban water management dilemmas is by integrated management and innovative delivery of water services. This book is based on the discussions and papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Senec, Slovakia, in October 2005. This book presents important aspects of Challenges in Management of Urban Water Resources, Challenges in Urban Water Supply, Urban Drainage and Water Bodies, Wastewater Treatment and Security, and Wastewater Treatment and Reuse.

One of the core areas of study in civil engineering concerns water that encompasses fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydrology. Fluid mechanics provide the mathematical and scientific basis for hydraulics and hydrology that also have added empirical and practical contents. The knowledge contained in these three subjects is necessary for the optimal and equitable management of this precious resource that is not always available when and where it is needed, sometimes with conflicting demands. The objective of Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources for Civil Engineers is to assimilate these core study areas into a single source of knowledge. The contents highlight the theory and applications supplemented with worked examples and also include comprehensive references for follow-up studies. The primary readership is civil engineering students who would normally go through these core subject areas sequentially spread over the duration of their studies. It is also a reference for practicing civil engineers in the water sector to refresh and update their skills.

The book is motivated by the pivotal issue: what is the performance limit of active control and energy harvesting? It aims to develop systematic design methodologies with a "visualization technique" where the performance limit can be readily determined solely based on visual inspections. Modern technological systems have evolved toward high speed, heavy load, lightweight, flexible operation and extreme conditions, as demonstrated in aerospace, marine, transportation and manufacturing industries. The associated vibration and noise issues have become such problematic that they may significantly confine the performance of the systems, to say the discomfort at least. Through the geometric representation of the performance specifications, fundamental issues such as (1) the existence of feasible controllers; (2) the optimality of controllers; (3) the performance limit of controllers; (4) compromisability among the performance specifications; (5) the synthesis of controllers; and (6) the influence of constraints on optimal solutions can all be resolved within the proposed framework. The state of the art is thus refined with a new approach complementary to those optimization-based routines, where extra effort would have to be exercised to disclose the compromisability of performance specifications. The proposed book will result in a new design methodology-performance limit-oriented active control. It was initiated by the author with the project "Active Control for Performance Limit" (ACPL). A series of fundamental results are obtained and will be disseminated in this book. The results are verified through extensive numerical demonstrations and are expected to provide useful guidance for practical engineering in the vibration and noise industry and research.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis and modelling of demand, capacity, quality of services, economics, and sustainability of the air transport system and its main components - - airports, airlines, and ATC/ATM (Air Traffic Control/Management). Airports consist of the airside and landside area characterized by their capacities for handling demand such as aircraft, air passengers, and air freight/cargo shipments. Regarding spatial configuration, airlines generally operate hub-and-spoke (conventional or legacy airlines) and point-to-point (LCCs - Low Cost Carriers) air route networks. Their fleets consisting of different aircraft types provide transport capacity for serving demand including air passengers and freight/cargo shipments. The ATC/ATM includes the controlled airspace, traffic management and control facilities and equipment on the ground, space, and on board aircraft, and the ATC Controllers). They all provide capacity to handle demand consisting of the flights between origin and destination airports carried out by airline aircraft. The outcome from the interrelationships between demand and capacity at these components materializes as the quality of services. At airports and airlines this is generally expressed by congestion and delays of aircraft, air passengers, and freight/cargo shipments. At ATC/ATM, this is expressed by delays, horizontal and vertical in-efficiency, and safety of flights. Economics of each component relate to its revenues, costs, and profits from handling demand, i.e., providing services of given quality. The sustainability of air transport system has become increasingly important issue for many internal and external actors/stakeholders involved to deal with. This has implied increasing the system's overall social-economic effects/benefits while reducing or maintaining constant impacts/costs on the environment and society at both global and regional/local scale under conditions of continuous medium- to long term growth.

The spatial and temporal variability of the hydro-climate as well as land use and land cover (LULC) changes are among the most challenging problems facing water resources management. Understanding the interaction between climate variability, land use and land cover changes and their links to hydrology, river morphology and ecohydrology in the Dinder and Rahad basins in Sudan is confronted by the lack of climatic, hydrological and ecological data. This book investigated the impacts of land degradation on the Dinder and Rahad hydrology and morphology, and interlinkage to the ecohydrological system of the Dinder National Park (DNP) in Sudan. It used an ensemble of techniques to improve our understanding of the hydrological processes and LULC changes in these basins. This included long-term trend analysis of hydroclimatic variables, LULC changes analysis, field measurements, rainfall-runoff modelling, hydrodynamic and morphological modelling of the Dinder river and its floodplain, with special focus on the Mayas wetlands. Moreover, this research is the first study to investigate the eco-hydrology of the DNP. It is expected that the results of the study will be beneficial to all stakeholders concerned and support decision-making processes for better management of water resources and ecosystem conservation in the area and possibly beyond.

"Advances in Raw Material Industries for Sustainable Development Goals" presents the results of joint scientific research conducted in the context of the Russian-German Raw Materials Forum. Today Russia and Germany are exploring various forms of cooperation in the field of mining, geology, mineralogy, mechanical engineering and energy. Russia and Germany are equally interested in expanding cooperation and modernizing the economy in terms of sustainable development. The main theme of this article collection is connected with existing business ventures and ideas from both Russia and Germany. In this book the authors regard complex processes in mining industry from various points of view, including: - modern technologies in prospecting, exploration and development of mineral resources - progressive methods of natural and industrial mineral raw materials processing - energy technologies and digital technologies for sustainable development - cutting-edge technologies and innovations in the oil and gas industry. Working with young researchers, supporting their individual professional development and creating conditions for their mobility and scientific cooperation are essential parts of Russian-German Raw Materials Forum founded in Dresden 13 years ago. This collection represents both willingness of young researchers to be involved in large-scale international projects like Russian-German Raw Material Forum and the results of their long and thorough work in the promising areas of cooperation between Russia and Germany.

When stresses are applied to saturated soil, deformation will occur as water in voids is squeezed out. Consolidation Analyses of Soils focuses on the consolidation of fully saturated soils. The book follows a classic approach by beginning with one-dimensional constitutive relations of soils and one-dimensional consolidation. It then moves on to analytical solutions to several one-dimensional consolidation problems and one-dimensional finite strain consolidation. The authors also present a finite element method for consolidation analysis of one-dimensional problems, analytical solutions to consolidation of soil with vertical drains, and a finite difference method for consolidation analysis of one-dimensional problems. Simplified methods for consolidation analysis of soils exhibiting creep are introduced and applied to different cases. Three-dimensional consolidation equations and solutions of typical three-dimensional consolidation problems are covered, as well as simplified finite element consolidation analysis of soils with vertical drain and finite element method for three-dimensional consolidation problems. The book is unique in that it covers both classic solutions and state-of-the-art work in consolidation analyses of soils. Authors Jian-Hua Yin is Chair Professor of Soil Mechanics in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Guofu Zhu is a Professor in the Department of Engineering Structures and Mechanics at Wuhan University of Technology, China.

This book discusses the continued emphasis on development gains in India's national policies and its quest to meet sustainable development goals. It offers an analysis of the laws and infrastructure for environment protection in the country and their ineffectiveness in dealing with the water pollution which has had dire consequences on India's ecological landscape. The book, while highlighting the need and importance of industrial development, argues for sustainable measures to moderate and monitor such developmental efforts in light of severe environmental degradations. Focusing on the state of Gujarat, it looks at published and un-published data on industrial development and water pollution levels and data obtained via applications filed under the Right to Information Act. It also offers a detailed account of the concentration of red industries which release the most hazardous pollutants and their effects on the environment. The authors look at the data from a theoretical and empirical perspective, offering insights into how the checks and balances levied by the state have been violated. They highlight the patterns and trends which emerge from the study of these developmental efforts and underline the need to improve the effectiveness of policy instruments, and the need to diversify the existing mechanisms. The book will be of great interest to students and researchers of environment and development studies, public policy, sociology, law and governance, human ecology and economics.

This book is about the principal concept of soil mechanics that become the basis in explaining the soil mechanical behaviours. It is the extended concept of effective stress of Terzaghi and it is known as "the concept of effective stress and shear strength interaction." This new concept incorporates the role of mobilised shear strength developed within the soil body in resisting the compressive effect. Based on this new concept a comprehensive soil volume change framework has been developed known as Rotational Multiple Yield Surface Framework (RMYSF). This RMYSF is able to explain and quantify the puzzled and complex soil volume change behaviours. The main advantage of this RMYSF is that it is able to make a good prediction of soil and rock stress-strain responses at any effective stress. This will lead to accurate prediction of soil and rock settlements. Due to its simplicity and the comprehensive nature of this new fundamental concept in soil and rock mechanics, it will eventually be included in soil and rock mechanics syllabus for undergraduate and postgraduate courses. This book would be very useful for geotechnical engineers dealing with soil settlement, underground excavation, computer modelling, rock mechanics, road engineering, earth and rock dam engineering and tunnel engineering.

Since the emergence of contemporary area classifications, population geography has witnessed a renaissance in the area of policy related spatial analysis. Area classifications subsume geodemographic systems which often use data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms to simplify large and complex bodies of information about people and the places in which they live, work and undertake other social activities. Outputs developed from the grouping of small geographical areas on the basis of multi- dimensional data have proved beneficial particularly for decision-making in the commercial sectors of a vast number of countries in the northern hemisphere. This book argues that small area classifications offer countries in the Global South a distinct opportunity to address human population policy related challenges in novel ways using area-based initiatives and evidence-based methods. This book exposes researchers, practitioners, and students to small area segmentation techniques for understanding, interpreting, and visualizing the configuration, dynamics, and correlates of development policy challenges at small spatial scales. It presents strategic and operational responses to these challenges in cost effective ways. Using two developing countries as case studies, the book connects new transdisciplinary ways of thinking about social and spatial inequalities from a scientific perspective with GIS and Data Science. This offers all stakeholders a framework for engaging in practical dialogue on development policy within urban and rural settings, based on real-world examples. Features: The first book to address the huge potential of small area segmentation for sustainable development, combining explanations of concepts, a range of techniques, and current applications. Includes case studies focused on core challenges that confront developing countries and provides thorough analytical appraisal of issues that resonate with audiences from the Global South. Combines GIS and machine learning methods for studying interrelated disciplines such as Demography, Urban Science, Sociology, Statistics, Sustainable Development and Public Policy. Uses a multi-method approach and analytical techniques of primary and secondary data. Embraces a balanced, chronological, and well sequenced presentation of information, which is very practical for readers.

Functional Pavements is a collection of papers presented at the 6th Chinese-European Workshop (CEW) on Functional Pavement Design (Nanjing, China, October 18-21, 2020). The focus of the CEW series is on field tests, laboratory test methods and advanced analysis techniques, and cover analysis, material development and production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. The main areas covered by the book include: * Asphalt binders for flexible pavements * Asphalt mixture evaluation and performance * Pavement construction and maintenance * Pavement Surface Properties and Vehicle Interaction * Cementitious materials for rigid pavements * Pavement geotechnics and environment Functional Pavements aims at contributing to the establishment of a new generation of pavement design methodologies in which rational mechanics principles, advanced constitutive models and advanced material characterization techniques shall constitute the backbone of the design process. The book will be much of interest to professionals, academics and practitioners in pavement engineering and related disciplines as it should assist them in providing improved road pavement infrastructure to their stakeholders.

This book supports readers in the development of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) pilot training simulator by exploiting open-source or free gaming software and emphasizing the importance of using established and widely-available game design techniques to provide engaging scenarios for ROV training developers and trainees. There is no such book to guide the users to create an open-source virtual simulator for pilot training in the marine and offshore industry. This book can be used as a reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students, engineers, researchers, and lecturers in VR simulation using UnityTM as the leading software. Some of the key features of the book include: * Step-by-step procedures in development ROV pilot training simulator * Use of open-source software UnityTM that is freely available to all readers * The codes used in the book are self-sufficient as there are no codes hidden from readers

Water utilities are the main instrument for countries to achieve universal service coverage. In pursuing universal service coverage, water utilities have turned to pro-poor water services to extend water services in low-income areas. This thesis discusses the use of pro-poor water services by water utilities in Kenya, with the intention of highlighting the dimensions of the approach that require attention of policy makers and practitioners when engaging with the concept. Based on the analysis of the technologies, financial and organisational arrangements associated with the pro-poor concept, this thesis shows that the use of pro-poor strategies allows water utilities to reduce the risks of servicing low-income areas while still claiming to fulfil their mandate of providing access to all in a commercially viable manner. The analysis also shows that rather than a decision of the water utility, the choice for pro-poor strategies emerges as the result of a consensus or compromise between the different actors that constitute the broader institutional environment in which water utilities operate. The thesis concludes that while pro-poor water services may serve the interests of water utilities and other stakeholders, in the absence of well-directed subsidies and proper monitoring they will not result in low-income households benefiting from more affordable and reliable access to water.

Climate change is likely to continue to have severe impacts, including sea level rise. At the same time, population increase and development imperatives create additional pressure on available water resources. These changes are problematic for the Mediterranean coastal areas and especially the Nile Delta coast. Particular focus of this study is on salinization of groundwater resources in the Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) due to saltwater intrusion. To assess current conditions and develop future adaptation strategies for the NDA, a 3D model simulating regional variable-density groundwater flow and coupled salt transport was constructed based on available data set, using the SEAWAT code. A method for identification of the most representative model has been developed, based on testing different simulation periods during which the NDA has 'evolved' from completely fresh groundwater conditions to conditions representative for the year 2010.This model was then applied to analyze possible future NDA conditions under several predefined scenarios of sea level rise and groundwater extraction. This analysis indicated that the impacts from further extractions of groundwater on availability of fresh groundwater in the aquifer are more significant compared to those from sea level rise. Furthermore, three different adaptation measures and their impacts in the Sharkeya Nile Delta governorate were tested. It was shown that that changing crop types and irrigation practices towards water saving options seem to be more promising than artificial recharge with injection wells or extraction and usage of brackish groundwater after desalination. The developed model is useful for further Water-Food Nexus studies.

Handbook of Environmental Contaminants: A Guide for Site Assessment is an indispensable working reference for environmental assessment professionals faced with determining potential environmental contaminants that might be found in the soil, groundwater, or air of a property or facility. The book provides a comprehensive listing of potential contaminants associated with hundreds of industries, activities, and processes. The types of properties covered range from agricultural to heavy industrial. The products and processes covered range from the processing of yeast to the constituents of rocket fuel. The book also discusses products associated with the degradation of common chemical solvents in the environment. Handbook of Environmental Contaminants: A Guide for Site Assessment is an important reference for environmental consultants, workers on Superfund sites, public health and safety professionals, attorneys, educators and students, and lenders.

This book presents a comprehensive coverage of the five fundamental yet intertwined pillars paving the road towards the future of connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The connectivity pillar covers all the latest advancements and various technologies on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications/networking and vehicular cloud computing, with special emphasis on their role towards vehicle autonomy and smart cities applications. On the other hand, the autonomy track focuses on the different efforts to improve vehicle spatiotemporal perception of its surroundings using multiple sensors and different perception technologies. Since most of CAVs are expected to run on electric power, studies on their electrification technologies, satisfaction of their charging demands, interactions with the grid, and the reliance of these components on their connectivity and autonomy, is the third pillar that this book covers. On the smart services side, the book highlights the game-changing roles CAV will play in future mobility services and intelligent transportation systems. The book also details the ground-breaking directions exploiting CAVs in broad spectrum of smart cities applications. Example of such revolutionary applications are autonomous mobility on-demand services with integration to public transit, smart homes, and buildings. The fifth and final pillar involves the illustration of security mechanisms, innovative business models, market opportunities, and societal/economic impacts resulting from the soon-to-be-deployed CAVs. This book contains an archival collection of top quality, cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research on connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The book is an authoritative reference for smart city decision makers, automotive manufacturers, utility operators, smart-mobility service providers, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, vehicle charging providers, university professors, researchers, and students who would like to learn more about the advances in CAEVs connectivity, autonomy, electrification, security, and integration into smart cities and intelligent transportation systems.

Environmental illness: certain health professionals and clinical ecologists claim it impacts and inhibits 15 percent of the population. Its afflicted are led to believe environmental illness (EI) originates with food, chemicals, and other stimuli in their surroundings -as advocates call for drastic measures to remedy the situation. What if relief proves elusive-and the patient is sent on a course of ongoing, costly and ineffective ""treatment""? Several hundred individuals who believed they were suffering from EI have been evaluated or treated by Herman Staudenmayer since the 1970s. Staudenmayer believed the symptoms harming his patients actually had psychophysiological origins-based more in fear of a hostile world than any suspected toxins contained in the environment. Staudenmayer's years of research, clinical work-and successful care-are now summarized in Environmental Illness: Myth & Reality. Dismissing much of the information that has attempted to defend EI and its culture of victimization, Staudenmayer details the alternative diagnoses and treatments that have helped patients recognize their true conditions-and finally overcome them, often after years of prolonged suffering.

Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art. Volume 3: Geological and geotechnical knowledge and requirements for project implementation contains the contributions presented in the eponymous Technical Session during the World Tunnel Congress 2019 (Naples, Italy, 3-9 May 2019). The use of underground space is continuing to grow, due to global urbanization, public demand for efficient transportation, and energy saving, production and distribution. The growing need for space at ground level, along with its continuous value increase and the challenges of energy saving and achieving sustainable development objectives, demand greater and better use of the underground space to ensure that it supports sustainable, resilient and more liveable cities. The contributions cover a wide range of topics, from geological and geotechnical key-factors for tunnel design, excavation geometry using digital mapping, real time monitoring systems, via geotechnical data standardization and management, to drone based deformation monitoring and Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis. The book is a valuable reference text for tunnelling specialists, owners, engineers, archaeologists, architects, artists and others involved in underground planning, design and building around the world, and for academics who are interested in underground constructions and geotechnics.

Membrane-Distillation in Desalination is an attempt to provide the latest knowledge, state of the art and demystify outstanding issues that delay the deployment of the technology on a large scale. It includes new updates and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of membrane distillation technology and explains the energy advantage of membrane distillation for desalination when compared to traditional techniques such as thermal or reverse osmosis. The book includes the latest pilot test results from around the world on membrane distillation desalination.

Maintaining bridges in good condition has extended service life and proven to be more cost effective than allowing degradation to advance, necessitating costlier bridge rehabilitation or replacement projects. Preventive maintenance is therefore an important tool to retard deterioration and sustain the safe operation of bridges. This includes a continuous effort of periodic inspections, condition evaluations and prioritizing repairs accordingly. The above measures define the framework for asset management of bridges. On August 21-22, 2017, bridge engineering experts from around the world convened at the 9th New York City Bridge Conference to discuss issues of construction, design, inspection, monitoring, preservation and rehabilitation of bridge structures. This volume documents their contributions to the safe operation of bridge assets.

This book provides an understanding of peer-reviewed international construction materials and their testing methods in a simplified manner at a high technical level. It focuses on specific construction materials, such as cement, concrete, bricks, lime, paints, steel and so forth, distributed in ten different chapters. Using real-time quality control as the underlying determinant, the book material exclusively follows Indian, American, European, German and South African standards. Relevant modern sophisticated material testing techniques, like scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD), are also described. Aimed at undergraduate, senior undergraduate and early career professionals in civil engineering and construction engineering, this book Gives a clear background of material testing and its importance Includes step-by-step procedures for easy understanding of and for performing the tests Covers Indian, ASTM, South African, DIN German and European Standards Includes basic and advanced techniques for chemical admixtures Each chapter concludes with practice questions, including 400+ solved questions and 50+ test procedures in total

Inspired from the legacy of the previous four 3DFEM conferences held in Delft and Athens as well as the successful 2018 AM3P conference held in Doha, the 2020 AM3P conference continues the pavement mechanics theme including pavement models, experimental methods to estimate model parameters, and their implementation in predicting pavement performance. The AM3P conference is organized by the Standing International Advisory Committee (SIAC), at the time of this publication chaired by Professors Tom Scarpas, Eyad Masad, and Amit Bhasin. Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction II includes over 111 papers presented at the 2020 AM3P Conference. The technical topics covered include: - rigid pavements - pavement geotechnics - statistical and data tools in pavement engineering - pavement structures - asphalt mixtures - asphalt binders The book will be invaluable to academics and engineers involved or interested in pavement engineering, pavement models, experimental methods to estimate model parameters, and their implementation in predicting pavement performance.

The theory of water waves is most varied and is a fascinating topic. It includes a wide range of natural phenomena in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It is mostly concerned with elucidation of some general aspects of wave motion including the prediction of behaviour of waves in the presence of obstacles of some special configurations that are of interest to ocean engineers. Unfortunately, even the apparently simple problems appear to be difficult to tackle mathematically unless some simplified assumptions are made. Fortunately, one can assume water to be an incompressible, in viscid and homogeneous fluid. The linearised theory of water waves is based on the assumption that the amplitude of the motion is small compared to the wave length. If rotational motion is assumed, then the linearised theory of water waves is essentially concerned with solving the Laplace equation in the water region together with linearised boundary condition. There are varied classes of problems that have been/are being studied mathematically in the literature within the framework of linearised theory of water waves for last many years. Scattering by obstacles of various geometrical configurations is one such class of water wave problems. This book is devoted to advanced mathematical work related to water wave scattering. Emphasis is laid on the mathematical and computational techniques required to study these problems mathematically. The book contains nine chapters. The first chapter is introductory in nature. It includes the basic equations of linearised theory for a single layer fluid, a two-layer fluid, solution of dispersion equations, and a general idea on scattering problems and the energy identity in water with a free surface. Chapter 2 is concerned with wave scattering involving thin rigid plates of various geometrical configurations, namely, plane vertical barriers or curved barriers, inclined barriers, horizontal barrier, and also thin elastic vertical plate. For the horizontal case, the barrier is submerged below an ice-cover modelled as a thin elastic plate floating on water. Chapter 3 discusses wave scattering by a rectangular trench by using Galerkin technique. Chapter 4 involves wave scattering by a dock by using Carleman singular integral equation followed by reduction to Riemann-Hilbert problems. Chapter 5 involves several wave scattering problems involving discontinuities at the upper surface of water by using the Wiener-Hopf technique, by reduction to Carleman singular integral equations. Chapter 6 considers scattering by a long horizontal circular cylinder either half immersed or completely submerged. In chapter 7, some important energy identities are derived for scattering problems in a single-layer and also in a two-layer fluid. Chapter 8 is concerned with wave scattering in a two-layer fluid by a thin vertical plate and by a long horizontal circular cylinder submerged in either of the two layers. Chapter 9 is the final chapter which considers a number of wave scattering problems in a single-layer or a two-layer fluid with variable bottom topography by using a simplified perturbation analysis It is hoped that this book will be useful to researchers on water waves. The several wave scattering problems presented in the book are mostly based on the research work carried out by the authors and their associates.

Handbook of Project Finance for Water and Wastewater Systems provides an easy-to-read guide for gaining an understanding of the myriad options available for financing water and wastewater projects and how to evaluate which options are most appropriate. This crucial reference delineates a basic system for comparing the actual costs of various programs. The book describes the seven major factors that can dramatically affect user charges. It then analyzes each funding alternative in terms of these common cost factors. No other book provides such an understandable framework for comparing project costs and their ultimate impact on ratepayer charges. Handbook of Project Finance for Water and Wastewater Systems is an essential book for utility managers, consultants, engineers, regulators, environmental attorneys, and planners. Features Addresses the seven major factors that affect project costs Easy to read Presents easily comparable options

Environmental Impact Assessments and Mitigation examines various assessments for developmental projects in the housing, mining, energy, and waste management areas. As the world continues to shift toward concerns over climate change and environmental protection issues, developmental projects must have environmental impact assessments (EIA) conducted as well as environmental management plans (EMP). This book describes how all phases of a project, from planning, to operation, to post operation, must consider potential environmental impacts and their mitigation. Features: Presents numerous sustainable development considerations for key industries Discusses how environmental impact assessments are prepared for each stage of a project Describes different environmental management plans for established projects Offers mitigation plans for various potential environmental impacts Includes practical examples from the construction, manufacturing, transport, and mining industries Useful for practicing professional engineers as well as upper-level students, this book covers all aspects of environmental impact assessments from start to finish.