Structural Analysis of Polymeric Composite Materials, Second Edition introduces the mechanics of composite materials and structures and combines classical lamination theory with macromechanical failure principles for prediction and optimization of composite structural performance. It addresses topics such as high-strength fibers, manufacturing techniques, commercially available compounds, and the behavior of anisotropic, orthotropic, and transversely isotropic materials and structures subjected to complex loading. Emphasizing the macromechanical (structural) level over micromechanical issues and analyses, this unique book integrates effects of environment at the outset to establish a coherent and updated knowledge base. In addition, each chapter includes example problems to illustrate the concepts presented.

Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution contains almost all the technical know-how required to clean up our water supply. It provides a survey of up-to-date technologies for remediation, as well as a step-by-step guide to pollution assessment for both ground and surface waters. The book defines groundwater, aquifers and surface water and discusses the physical properties of soils, liquids, vadose zones and aquifers. It emphasizes controlling nonpoint source pollution, best management practices, and an integrated management approach. The editors cover not only engineering but also legal, medical, agricultural, meteorological, biological and other fields of study. They reach beyond the simplistic hydrological cycles usually addressed to the complexities encountered by rapidly-changing land-use patterns. In addition to focusing on causes, effects, and remedies, Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution stresses reuse, recycling, and recovery of resources. Nature does not cause pollution. Through total recycling, we can, like nature, make resources out of wastes. Bela G. Liptak speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel.

Well rehabilitation techniques have been the focus of major advancements in recent times. Environmental engineers can keep pace with those changes with the book Water Well Rehabilitation. Written from a microbiological viewpoint, the text outlines proven solutions to production problems in all types of wells. That perspective frequently yields new ideas and concepts, contrary to prevalent thoughts in mainstream literature on the subject. This is especially true in discussion of iron related bacterial sources, and details concerning unsafe bacterial samples and the contamination of wells.

Any mention of the "greenhouse effect" tends to ignite controversy. While the rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases-especially carbon dioxide- are certainly among the most pressing issues today, theoretical and perceived consequences have been subject to conjecture and misinformation. That raging debate has obscured an important fact: scientists and engineers are hard at work on methods to reduce CO2 emissions, and devise practical methods for their remediation. Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide Mitigation: Science and Technology sheds light on the most recent advancements, documented by two of the world's leading researchers on CO2. Aware of the complexity and still-unknown factors behind climatic change, the authors consider the need to make CO2 mitigation viable for both environmental and economic gain. To that end, Professor Halmann offers new insights into interesting chemical pathways for the conversion of CO2 to useful products. Steinberg adds real-life engineering solutions, applicable to heavy CO2-producing industrial processes, and improving efficiency of energy conversion. Exciting theories and pilot projects are also testing the potential for CO2 utilization, conversion, reduction, and disposal. Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide Mitigation: Science and Technology reports on the use of biomass, such as ocean fertilization and "energy farms," to put CO2 to practical and safe use. Professional and academic readers involved with CO2 research will find Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide Mitigation: Science and Technology an invaluable roadmap for information and inspiration-a way to move beyond argument, and into action.

Management of hazardous chemicals and materials-particularly during emergency release situations-is a critical part of routine training required for workers and professionals in the chemical, petroleum and manufacturing industries. Proper storage of highly reactive chemical agents, correct choice of protective clothing and safety issues in confined spaces are vital to operating facilities. Inattention to these and other issues covered in this book can result in a loss of life, dispersal of toxic chemical agents into the environment, or fire and explosion and subsequent legal liabilities.Emergency Response and Hazardous Chemical Management: Principles and Practices provides a concise reference for management and workers on the important issues regarding the use and management of hazardous chemicals as well as the critical issues in the emergency response management of uncontrolled releases of hazardous agents. This book combines practical information on hazardous chemical response and environmental management with scientific and management issues important in the development of sound chemical management planning. Important current topics such as hazardous chemical management in confined spaces are also covered in detail.

One of the main goals of a good and effective structural design is to decrease, as far as possible, the self-weight of structures, because they must carry the service load. This is especially important for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, as the self-weight of the material is substantial. For RC structures it is furthermore important that the whole structure or most of the structural elements are under compression with small eccentricities. Continuous spatial concrete structures satisfy the above-mentioned requirements. It is shown in this book that a span of a spatial structure is practically independent of its thickness and is a function of its geometry. It is also important to define which structure can be called a spatial one. Such a definition is given in the book and based on this definition, five types of spatial concrete structures were selected: translation shells with positive Gaussian curvature, long convex cylindrical shells, hyperbolic paraboloid shells, domes, and long folders. To demonstrate the complex research, results of experimental, analytical, and numerical evaluation of a real RC dome are presented and discussed. The book is suitable for structural engineers, students, researchers and faculty members at universities.

"Offers comprehensive, authoritative coverage of the chemistry, technology, and engineering of asphaltic products for paving, road construction, roofing, coatings, adhesives, and batteries. Analyzes microcracking and elucidates the mechanisms of degradation to aid the development of hot melt asphalt and increase longevity."

Industrialized and Automated Building Systems presents a detailed and balanced evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of industrialized building systems, and considers technological, managerial and economical aspects of industrialization, automation in the industrialized building process in production, construction and design, and information technologies in design, production and construction on site.

Constructed wetlands are proving to be the best natural treatment system for landfill leachates. Most of the contaminants in landfill leachates are degraded in treatment wetlands. Potential for long-term sustainability and significant cost savings are attractive features of this eco-technology. Documentation of the experience in this use of constructed wetlands has been limited. Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Landfill Leachates is the first compilation of the results of research from North America and Europe. Originally presented at an international symposium, this collection of papers offers the most recent research findings from the leading researchers in this new and innovative natural treatment system. Specific issues addressed in the text include: leachate characteristics, and the potential for treatability by constructed wetlands wetland treatment, processes and transformation use of constructed wetlands in cold climatic conditions assessment of the tolerance of wetland plants to the toxicity of leachates role of plants in the treatments of leachates integrated wetland systems performance of different wetland treatment systems cost comparisons of wetland technology vs. traditional treatment technologies The potential for environmental contamination due to leachates from landfills is increasing, and there is an urgent need to find ways and means to treat leachates in a sustainable way Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Landfill Leachates will provide an invaluable source of information on the subject for scientists, engineers, practitioners, policy makers, and regulatory officials.

A response to increasingly stringent regulation of pollution and toxicity levels in industrial waste discharge, Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration: Fundamentals & Applications offers the most complete book available on the benefits and use of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) to achieve continuous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. An Unparalleled Book That Addresses Both Academic and Industrial Points of View Several membrane-based techniques, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, are currently used in a wide range of applications throughout the textile, pulp and paper, sugar, chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, biotechnological, and food industries. However, although reverse osmosis is an effective means of removing contaminants, this book explains why MEUF is a better substitute, as it less expensive, less energy-intensive, and more efficient and practical for a wider range of applications. Topics covered include: Effects of pollution in water and its consequences Various treatment processes and membrane technologies Fundamentals of ultrafiltration Outline of various membrane modules and modeling approaches Principles of colloid chemistry Theories of micelle formation Stability and dynamics of micelles Phenomena of counterion binding Solubilization of organic pollutants Selection criteria for surfactants Various flux enhancement techniques Recovery of precious metals This book conveys how, with proper selection of surfactant and membrane, MEUF can be used to efficiently remove almost all metal ions (heavy metals, lanthanides, radioa

Although valuable resources in river basins and other aqueous environments, sediments often receive much less attention from researchers, policymakers, and other professionals than other components of the ecosystem. Until now. Highlighting the important role that sediments play in the geoenvironment, Sediments Contamination and Sustainable Remediation focuses on sediment management for the purpose of environmental cleanup or management. It provides the in-depth understanding of the sediment-water environment needed to develop better management practices and meet sustainability requirements. The book discusses the contamination of sediments resulting from discharge of pollutants, excessive nutrients, and other hazardous substances from anthropogenic activities. It examines impacts observed as a result of these discharges, including the presence of hazardous materials and eutrophication, and elucidates the remediation techniques developed to restore the health of sediments and how to evaluate the remediation technologies using indicators. The text explores the problems inherent in dealing with contaminated sediments in rivers, lakes, and estuaries and includes numerous case studies that illustrate key concepts. The authors provide wide-ranging coverage of the topic and include methods for evaluating the effectiveness of different remediation technologies. They make the case for the development and application of innovative management practices that create long-term solutions to sediment contamination to reduce natural resource depletion, continued landfill contamination, and diminished biodiversity in the aquatic geoenvironment.

Hailed on first publication as a masterful review of the topic, The Science of Air: Concepts and Applications quickly became a standard resource in the field. Clearly written and user-friendly, the second edition continues to provide the scientific underpinnings of the essence of air. Major expansions include: Air math and physics Air flow parameters Indoor air quality Regulatory updates related to indoor and outdoor air quality Updated air pollution control technologies The text follows a pattern that is nontraditional, using a paradigm based on real-world experience. It covers air resource utilization and air protection, contains regulatory updates related to air quality, and provides an update on pollution control technologies. In addition to the discussion of numerous mitigation and remediation procedures, this authoritative resource includes an expanded section on the fundamentals of air chemistry and physics, making it an indispensable text for those tasked with compliance to air pollution laws. The common thread woven through the fabric of this text is air resource utilization and its protection. Numerous examples exist on how understanding the science of air can assist in understanding global climate change, air pollution, radon, indoor air quality, and acid rain. To solve these problems and understand the issues related to air, air pollution control practitioners need a broad base of scientific information from which to draw - The Science of Air fills this critical need.

What if environmentally damaged landscapes could not only be remediated from an ecological standpoint, but also designed to replenish an entire community as well as the nature surrounding it? The Handbook of Regenerative Landscape Design incorporates ecology, engineering, sociology, and design elements into a new paradigm for environmental restoration and the renewal of urban and cultural sites. This is the first resource in the field to examine the collaborative roles of scientists, landscape architects, and urban planners in transforming degraded landscapes into sustainable communities for both people and wildlife. Top practitioners and theorists from different fields and perspectives contribute innovative case studies that converge in their emphasis on new uses for reclaimed land, rather than a return to its original state. In addition, this book is one in only a handful to address the system conditions necessary for the repair of severely degraded landscapes, especially in an urban context. It elucidates the most suitable remediation strategies for treating degraded environments such as industrial landfills, mining sites, buried urban rivers, heavily polluted or effectively destroyed wetlands, Superfund sites, and abandoned factories. Bringing the perspectives of landscape architects, scientists, and urban planners to a wider audience, the Handbook of Regenerative Landscape Design demonstrates how ecological landscape restoration processes can facilitate sociological and urban renewal initiatives.

Geologic hazards pose the greatest threat to human safety for any geotechnical undertaking, but it is ultimately the engineer's ability to recognize and cope with these hazards that will determine the safety of life and property. Armed with Geologic Hazards: A Field Guide for Geotechnical Engineers you will be able to properly recognize, understand various geologic hazards, and provide safe and economical construction. Eminent expert Roy E. Hunt thoroughly examines the potential for slope failures, earthquakes, ground subsidence, collapse, and expansion. Using a clear conceptual approach, he explains what measures are available to minimize or eliminate the risks associated with each of these geologic hazards. The book sets forth the basis for recognizing, understanding, and treating geologic hazards, using general concepts rather than rigorous mathematical analyses. The author covers the prediction of slope failures through recognition of geologic and other factors that govern failure, the treatment of slopes that are potentially unstable and pose a danger to some existing development, the design and construction of stable cut slopes and sidehill fills, and the stabilization of failed slopes. He provides the foundation for determining the potential for surface movements and for preventing or controlling their effects. A section on earthquakes summarizes and links all of the aspects of earthquakes including their causes, characteristics, and surface effects. It provides a thorough grounding in how to recognize hazard potential and minimize the consequences. There is no field within geotechnical engineering in which the state of the art is changing so rapidly. Providing the latest information, this resource is a useful tool for designing new projects and redesigning old ones.

Properly understanding and characterizing geologic materials and formations is vital for making critical engineering decisions. Identifying and classifying rock masses and soil formations allows reasonable estimation of their characteristic properties. Comprising chapters from the second edition of the revered Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Handbook, Characteristics of Geologic Materials and Formations provides a basis for recognizing, identifying, and classifying the various rock and soil types. With clear, concise, and hands-on guidance, this book describes these rock and soil types in terms of their origin, mode of occurrence, and structural features in situ and presents the typical characteristics that are of engineering significance. It also explains the elements that affect surface and subsurface water engineering in terms of controlling floods, erosion, subsurface flow, and seepage, as well as for water conservation. Supplying important correlations used to estimate engineering and geologic properties, the book presents correlations for intact rock, rock masses, and soil formations throughout the chapters and condenses this information into a convenient summary table in an appendix. Eliminate the need to search through narrow volumes or large handbooks with Characteristics of Geologic Materials and Formations: A Field Guide for Geotechnical Engineers, a convenient and complete guide to the techniques you need.

Aiming to bridge the gap between the quantitative viewpoint of management science and the practical, day-to-day needs of project cost management, this text offers coverage of an integrated cost management programme. It presents the use of method study techniques to increase the effectiveness of procedures and improve the productivity of resources, emphasizing a systematic approach to cost control.

Design and Construction of Pavements and Rail Tracks - Geotechnical Aspects and Processed Materials is a compilation of selected contributions produced between 2002 and 2005 by the International Committee TC3 - Geotechnics of Pavements of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), a committee dedicated to gathering current knowledge of geotechnical aspects relating to pavements and rail tracks. The volume presents advanced procedures for laboratory and field materials characterization, including processed materials (non-conventional road construction materials), novel tests for field stiffness evaluation, a pre-standard for roller integrated continuous compaction control and new theories for evaluation of the long term performance of materials, including environmental aspects. These contributions represent the latest developments relating to the design, construction and long term performance of pavements, rail tracks and earth structures, with emphasis on the geotechnical and environmental background.

Bioremediation, or enhanced microbiological treatment, of environments contaminated with a variety of organic and inorganic compounds is one of the most effective innovative technologies to come around this century! Practical Environmental Bioremediation: The Field Guide presents updated material, case histories and many instructive illustrations to reflect the evolving image of this fast-emerging industry. Bioremediation technology has witnessed great strides towards simplifying treatability formats, finding new approaches to field application, more potent nutrient formulations, monitoring protocols and the resulting general improvement in results. This new guide condenses all current available knowledge and presents necessary technical aspects and concepts in language that can be readily comprehended by the technical student, experienced scientist or engineer, the aspiring newcomer, or anyone else interested in this exciting natural cleanup technique.

Regardless of its size or nature, every industry generates waste and is responsible for imple-menting the practices of pollution prevention and waste minimization in its day-to-day operations. Whether it's dirty water or toxic wastes, industrial pollution is all the same in one way: it reduces a business's profitability. Identification of Cleaner Production Improvement Opportunities urges environmental, health, and safety department managers, industrial environmental consultants, and personnel across all chemical engineering industries to employ a forward-thinking and tested technology of process improvements that will reduce waste generation, reduce the resources requirements to manufacture a product, and, most important to the life of a business, increase revenues.
This new publication consists of the following five sections:
* Section I: The relationships among cleaner production, waste, cleaner production analyses, and their business values
* Section II: How to develop a cleaner production program
* Section III: The data requirements and data analyses for the opportunity identification step
* Section IV: The opportunity identification step
* Section V: How to assess and rank the best ideas

Industry expert and chair of AIChE's Environmental Division, Kenneth Mulholland introduces methodology in this manual that has been used to identify process improvement opportunities for more than fifty processes, including pharmaceutical intermediates, elastomer monomers and polymers, polyester intermediates and polymers, batch processes such as agricultural products and paints, chlorofluoro-hydrocarbon and chlorocarbon processes, and specialty chemicals and waste water treatment facilities. With no product changes or new technology necessary, these process improvements have produced a 200 percent internal rate of return and reduced waste generation by 40 percent to 50 percent.

This new book explains advanced and emerging technologies for removing heavy metals from wastestreams and contaminated sites. Separation processes of this type are critical for meeting stringent regulations of priority pollutants, especially arsenic, mercury, and lead, which the text treats in depth. After explaining the chemistry of heavy metals and their transport in various media, the work offers a comprehensive analysis of strategies for separating metals from groundwater, wastewater, contaminated soils, and industrial sludges. Both the basics and the applications of techniques such as ion-exchange, specialized sorbents, novel membranes, advanced precipitates, and electrokinetic processes are presented with a view to current use and potential for future applications such as resource reuse. Information in this volume enables engineers and other investigators to adapt and select the best means to remove and, in certain instances, recover heavy metals.

Correctly understanding, designing and analyzing the foundations that support structures is fundamental to their safety. This book by a range of academic, design and contracting world experts provides a review of the state-of-the-art techniques for modelling foundations using both linear and non linear numerical analysis. It applies to a range of infrastructure, civil engineering and structural engineering projects and allows designers, engineers, architects, researchers and clients to understand some of the advanced numerical techniques used in the analysis and design of foundations. Topics include: Ground vibrations caused by trains Pile-group effects Bearing capacity of shallow foundations under static and seismic conditions Bucket foundation technology for offshore oilfields Seismically induced liquefaction in earth embankment foundations and in pile foundations Free vibrations of industrial chimneys and TV towers with flexibility of the soil Settlements of high rise structures Seepage, stress fields and dynamic responses in dams Site investigation

Human error is involved in more than 90 percent of traffic accidents, and of those accidents, most are associated with visual distractions, or looking-but-failing-to-see errors. Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving gathers knowledge from a human factors psychology standpoint and provides deeper insight into traffic -user behavior and the ways drivers acquire information from the road. Emphasizes Drivers as Visual Information Processors Because driving is an eyes-wide-open task, drivers are exposed to a multitude of visual stimuli along their journey. This information must be correctly processed in order to make the right decisions and perform precise safety maneuvers. With contributions from more than 20 leading experts, this detailed resource discusses road and markings design, new technologies, signage, distraction, safety, situation awareness, workload, driving experience, fatigue, and driving interventions with the goal of improving driving behavior and preventing accidents. Addresses These Key Areas: Visual attention and in-vehicle technologies Interventions to reduce road trauma Avoiding collisions and the failures involved in that endeavor Using jargon-free language that is easily understood, this book compresses research from the past few decades into one accessible resource. It clearly and cohesively provides ergonomics and human factor engineers, industrial designers, and highway and roadway engineers with an overarching understanding of the incessant visual demands drivers face.

This practical book from a highly experienced author presents clearly the means and methods for designing, producing and using high-strength concrete. High-strength concrete offers many benefits. Higher compressive strengths allow for a reduction in the cross-sectional dimensions of columns and walls in buildings. Its greater stiffness allows for increasing building heights while controlling sway and occupant comfort. Civil structures such as bridges have benefited from greater span lengths, shallower beam sections, wider girder spacing, and extended service life. Illustrated with real life examples, through documented case histories, High-Strength Concrete will be a valuable resource for contractors, producers, inspection agencies, as well as engineers and researchers.

Most Fortune 1000 companies still struggle with workspace planning and design issues. They invest millions of dollars each year with the expectation that new buildings and major renovations will help transform their culture, support innovation, strengthen desired behaviors and increase organizational effectiveness. And let's not forget reducing costs. But there is rarely any actual measurement of the success of a new workplace against specific business or design goals (apart from cost savings). Even less often is there any ongoing measurement program to assess and improve the quality of the workplace. Measuring Workplace Performance, Second Edition explores a fundamentally new way of thinking about how organizations behave and change and what this means for planning and measuring the success of the facilities that house them. This is not a planning guide or a step by step design "cookbook." Rather, author Michael O'Neill presents a thought-provoking "biological" model for thinking about organizations and workplaces, describes the tools to gather information and analyze success, and presents plenty of scientific case studies with "hard" performance and financial metrics. O'Neill addresses issues such as: What are the effects of adding flexibility into facility and workplace design, in terms of improving employee and organizational performance? How do we measure the performance of facilities in terms of supporting desired behaviors (like communication, collaboration), efficient business processes and other concrete performance/financial improvements? Using real-world case studies across a variety of industries, O'Neill shows the types of performance measures that leading-edge companies use as well as the improvements they attain by incorporating flexibility and control into their workspaces. He uses the data from these studies to create models showing credible links between specific design features, and behavioral and business process outco

This book is the most comprehensive and flexible theory of chloride ingress in concrete to date. Based on test results and field observations, the book demonstrates the easy application of this theory to practice. The information is presented in a clear style with each chapter containing an introduction, technical applications and examples, and a final section covering the mathematics behind the theory, to enable the reader to obtain a deeper insight into the subject. Primarily aimed at practising engineers engaged in analysis and design of concrete structures exposed to a chloride laden environment, this book is also a useful reference for mathematicians and engineering students.