This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Intended for a wide audience ranging from engineers and academics to decision-makers in both the public and private sectors, Biological Treatment of Solid Waste: Enhancing Sustainability reviews several technologies that help communities manage solid waste sustainably, while at the same time generating energy, revenue, and other resources. The book is divided into three topics: Microbial technologies for solid waste treatment Composting Biodrying Included within these larger topics are case studies and investigations into particular aspects of each, with attention paid to food waste, animal waste, municipal waste, and certain forms of industrial waste. The editor is an environmental engineer with an international reputation, and she has included her own research studies as well as that of her colleagues, many of which have been presented at international waste management conferences. She concludes that our world can no longer afford to consider waste as something that can be discarded with no regard for future use. Instead, if addressed correctly through policy and practice, solid waste can become a valuable resource.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Edited by a leading researcher in the field, this book provides an overview of waste valorization and includes the editor's research in addition to other experts and recent and relevant studies on this critical topic. It covers treatment and pretreatment technologies and methodologies, energy recovery from solid wastes, recycling and reuse, additional cutting-edge valorization methodologies. Primarily aimed at researchers and advanced students in biochemical, engineering, and environmental fields, this book should also provide a valuable reference for municipal legislators and industry practitioners.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Increasing attention is being paid to the valorization of solid wastes-converting them into energy or other useful products. This book describes recent research into methodologies and technologies for managing various forms of solid waste, while at the same time generating energy and revenue with less impact on the environment. Topics include combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization. The transition from a fossil fuel-based economy to a more sustainable economy will require a solid foundation of ongoing scientific research. The editor of this compendium, a well-respected researcher in the field, has selected studies that help to build that foundation.

Improving agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) is vitally important in many parts of the world due to the decreasing availability of water resources and the increasing competition for water between different users. Micro irrigation is an effective tool for conserving water resources. Studies have revealed a significant water savings, ranging from 40% to 70% under drip irrigation compared with surface irrigation. This new volume, Engineering Interventions in Sustainable Trickle Irrigation: Irrigation Requirements and Uniformity, Fertigation, and Crop Performance, presents valuable research that evaluates crop water and fertigation requirements, examines optimum irrigation and fertigation scheduling, and analyzes the performance of agricultural crops under micro irrigation. With an interdisciplinary perspective, this volume addresses the urgent need to explore and investigates the current shortcomings and challenges of water resources engineering, especially in micro irrigation engineering. The volume discusses crop water requirements, fertigation technology, and performance of agricultural crops under best management practices. The chapter authors present research studies on drip irrigated tomato, chilies, cucumber, eggplant, cabbage, garlic, sugarcane maize, cashew nut, sapota, banana, mango, and blueberries. Removing the research gap, this volume provides new information that will be valuable to those involved in micro irrigation engineering.

This book highlights advances in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, particularly biological wastewater treatment, cavitation-based treatment, hybrid water treatment, membrane technologies, advance oxidation processes, and adsorption. The book focuses on a variety of advanced treatment techniques that are useful for the degradation of organic components, dyes, heavy metals effluent, etc. in wastewater. Industrial wastewater consists of variety of discharges based on the type of industry, such as the dairy/food industries, which generate more fats and high BOD value with variation in the pH value, while the electroplating industry may expel more inorganic matter and dissolved solids. The oil extraction industries will have more solvents contained in the effluent, and dyes and textiles industry create a higher organic load with high TDS. Hence, every type of manufacturing industry needs a different method for the treatment of its effluents. Looking at the use of intensified chemical processes in order to make cleaner environment, Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater explores the new and innovative methods for pollutant removal that will prove useful for a variety of industries. Conventional wastewater treatment processes require a significant amount of energy and involve expensive equipment and maintenance. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, however, involve less generation of energy and employ more economically feasible treatment methods, requiring less equipment and fewer maintenance costs. Looking at the use of intensified chemical processes in order to make a cleaner environment, this volume explores new and innovative methods for pollutant removal that will prove useful for a variety of industries. This book highlights advances in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, particularly biological wastewater treatment, cavitation-based treatment, hybrid water treatment, membrane technologies, advanced oxidation processes, and adsorption.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The activated sludge process is one of the most versatile and commonly used wastewater treatment systems in the world. In the past, when industrial wastewater treatment focused on removing biological oxygen demand and suspended solids, waste water plants needed different processes and technology. The shift to the activated sludge process means environmental engineers must build new treatment plants and retrofit old ones. In this compendium, the editor, an experienced and well-published scientist in the field, has brought together articles that relate to the new requirements.

Floods are difficult to prevent but can be managed in order to reduce their environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts. Flooding poses a serious threat to life and property, and therefore it's very important that flood risks be taken into account during any planning process. This handbook presents different aspects of flooding in the context of a changing climate and across various geographical locations. Written by experts from around the world, it examines flooding in various climates and landscapes, taking into account environmental, ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic factors, and considers urban, agriculture, rangeland, forest, coastal, and desert areas. Features Presents the main principles and applications of the science of floods, including engineering and technology, natural science, as well as sociological implications. Examines flooding in various climates and diverse landscapes, taking into account environmental, ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic factors. Considers floods in urban, agriculture, rangeland, forest, coastal, and desert areas Covers flood control structures as well as preparedness and response methods. Written in a global context, by contributors from around the world.

Presents an overview of current and developing treatment technologies for water polluted with emerging pollutants Gives in-depth account and analysis of advanced materials and methods for separation and treatment Reviews analytical techniques applied to detect emerging pollutants Discusses overall effect of policies on current chemicals/plastics/APIs in the market Includes pertinent case studies and regulations

The book emphasizes the predictive models of Big Data, Genetic Algorithm, and IoT with a case study. The book illustrates the predictive models with integrated fuel consumption models for smart and safe traveling. The text is a coordinated amalgamation of research contributions and industrial applications in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The advanced predictive models and research results were achieved with the case studies, deployed in real transportation environments. Features: Provides a smart traffic congestion avoidance system with an integrated fuel consumption model. Predicts traffic in short-term and regular. This is illustrated with a case study. Efficient Traffic light controller and deviation system in accordance with the traffic scenario. IoT based Intelligent Transport Systems in a Global perspective. Intelligent Traffic Light Control System and Ambulance Control System. Provides a predictive framework that can handle the traffic on abnormal days, such as weekends, festival holidays. Bunch of solutions and ideas for smart traffic development in smart cities. This book focuses on advanced predictive models along with offering an efficient solution for smart traffic management system. This book will give a brief idea of the available algorithms/techniques of big data, IoT, and genetic algorithm and guides in developing a solution for smart city applications. This book will be a complete framework for ITS domain with the advanced concepts of Big Data Analytics, Genetic Algorithm and IoT. This book is primarily aimed at IT professionals. Undergraduates, graduates and researchers in the area of computer science and information technology will also find this book useful.

Covers recent progress on green catalysts derived from biomass Explores biomass conversion to different resources Introduces utilization of bio-waste in environmental aspects Discusses biomass applications in different types of energy Proposes microbial waste biomass as a resource of renewable energy

Earthen levees are extensively used to protect the population and infrastructure from periodic floods and high water due to storm surges. The causes of failure of levees include overtopping, surface erosion, internal erosion, and slope instability. Overtopping may occur during periods of flooding due to insufficient freeboard. The most problematic situation involves the levee being overtopped by both surge and waves when the surge level exceeds the levee crest elevation with accompanying wave overtopping. Overtopping of levees produces fast-flowing, turbulent water velocities on the landward-side slope that can potentially damage the protective grass covering and expose the underlying soil to erosion. If overtopping continues long enough, the erosion may eventually result in loss of levee crest elevation and possibly breaching of the protective structure. Hence, protecting levees from erosion by surge overflow and wave overtopping is necessary to assure a viable and safe levee system. This book presents a cutting-edge approach to understanding overtopping hydraulics under negative free board of earthen levees, and to the study of levee reinforcing methods. Combining soil erosion test, full-scale laboratory overtopping hydraulics test, and numerical modeling for the turbulent overtopping hydraulics. It provides an analysis that integrates the mechanical and hydraulic processes governing levee overtopping occurrences and engineering approaches to reinforce overtopped levees. Topics covered: surge overflow, wave overtopping and their combination, full-scale hydraulic tests, erosion tests, overtopping hydraulics, overtopping discharge, and turbulent analysis. This is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working on levee design, water resource engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal engineering, and for professionals in the field of civil and environmental engineering, and natural hazard analysis.

This book addresses the problem of waste management by using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The authors discuss how to apply MCDM, a complex decision-making tool that involves both quantitative and qualitative factors, to develop strategies for effective waste management using various optimization models to rank alternatives, while also incorporating the concerns and needs of multiple stakeholders to find the most optimal decisions for various types of wastes. Typically, there does not exist a single optimal solution to waste problems; with help of MCDM, far better solutions can often be found and utilized to facilitate sustainable waste management techniques in various industries. This book provides unique, effective, and quick decision-making strategies for waste management. With the ever-increasing population and continuing human development, the problem of managing waste becomes increasingly essential, and this volume helps lead the way to finding sustainable solutions.

The only book offering a straightforward and brief introduction to the way ships of the merchant navy operate and function Particularly for cadets at HNC, HND and foundation degree level in both the deck and engineering branches non-technical and non-specialist, and assumes no background knowledge

This book examines the role that bioremediation can play in the detoxification of soil, water, and air to improve environmental and human health, with a specific focus on heavy metals and radionuclides. Environmental pollution, whether by natural or human causes, with industrial activities being a key player, is a challenge facing all nations across the world. While treatment has typically required the use of expensive technology, one promising solution is the use of phytoremediation, in which plants act by metabolizing or sequestering pollutants. This eco-friendly solution is a good alternative to the standard methods of soil and water treatments. This book provides not only the basic definitions and classification of technologies used for contaminant remediation but also the most recent studies dealing with the selection of new promising microbial stains and plant varieties involved in the treatment of radioactive and heavy metal contaminants. It provides a detailed description of the biochemical mechanisms and genes involved in the bioremediation of radionuclides and heavy metals, offering a clear insight for academics and practitioners interested in in vitro and in situ biological treatment. This book will be of great value to students and scholars interested in environmental pollution and environmental health from across a range of different disciplines, including environmental microbiology and chemistry, ecology and environmental science, biological and environmental engineering and biotechnology.

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the 7th Nirma University International Conference on Engineering 'NUiCONE 2019'. This conference followed the successful organization of four national conferences and six international conferences in previous years. The main theme of the conference was "Technologies for Sustainable Development", which is in line with the "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL" established by the United Nations. The conference was organized with many inter-disciplinary technical themes encompassing a broad range of disciplines and enabling researchers, academicians and practitioners to choose between ideas and themes. Besides, NUiCONE-2019 has also presented an exciting new set of events to engage practicing engineers, technologists and technopreneurs from industry through special knowledge sharing sessions involving applied technical papers based on case-study applications, white-papers, panel discussions, innovations and technology products. This proceedings will definitely provide a platform to proliferate new findings among researchers. Advances in Transportation Engineering Emerging Trends in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Construction Technology and Management Concrete and Structural Engineering Futuristic Power System Control of Power Electronics Converters, Drives and E-mobility Advanced Electrical Machines and Smart Apparatus Chemical Process Development and Design Technologies and Green Environment Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Design and Analysis of Machine and Mechanism Energy Conservation and Management Advances in Networking Technologies Machine Intelligence / Computational Intelligence Autonomic Computing Control and Automation Electronic Communications Electronics Circuits and System Design Signal Processing

- Provides the state-of-the-art in life-cycle cost analysis and optimization for bridge management - Provides a solid foundation of theoretical backgrounds and practical applications both for academics and practicing engineers and researchers - Presents recent developments and applications for safety, maintenance and management in a life-cycle context - Deals with safety, maintenance, management, resilience, sustainability, and climate change effects on individual bridges and bridge networks under hazards

Combines fundamental, experiential knowledge with innovative, experimental ideas Features a unique combination of deep professional expertise and mathematical rigour Provides guidelines for dealing with analysis of enormous amounts of data Equations that can be deduced from first principles, are derived, whenever possible, for instructional purposes Includes (anonymized) information drawn from real cases

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose, mainly derived from the food waste of shrimp and crabs. Chitosan is the most important derivative of chitin. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and versatile chemical and physical properties, chitin and chitosan derivatives are used in a wide variety of applications, including water treatment, cosmetics and toiletries, food and beverages, healthcare/medical, and agrochemicals. Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy covers all major aspects of chitin and chitosan, including structure, biosynthesis, biodegradation, properties of chitin and derivatives, applications, and market. It offers a special focus on the bioeconomy, which is the renewable segment of the circular economy. Describes the structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of chitin and chitosan Covers chitin- and chitosan-based products Details valorization of these materials Presents information on shell biorefineries Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy serves as a reference for polymer scientists and engineers and is also accessible to economists and advanced students.

Vibration Problems in Machines explains how to infer information about the internal operations of rotating machines from external measurements through methods used to resolve practical plant problems. Second edition includes summary of instrumentation, methods for establishing machine rundown data, relationship between the rundown curves and the ideal frequency response function. The section on balancing has been expanded and examples are given on the strategies for balancing a rotor with a bend, with new section on instabilities. It includes case studies with real plant data, MATLAB (R) scripts and functions for the modelling and analysis of rotating machines.

Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications offers a comprehensive review of the latest advances in nanomaterials-based technologies for the treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater. It describes the latest developments in the synthesis protocols, including the synthesis of different kinds of nanostructure materials using various physical and chemical methods. Features Discusses the synthesis and characterization of important nanomaterials such as carbon nanostructures, metal and metal oxide nanostructures, polymer nanostructures, and smart 1D--3D nanomaterials Presents the latest techniques used in the characterization of nanomaterials Covers environmental applications including the remediation of pollutants in wastewater and water purification and disinfection Examines the sources, fate, transport, and ecotoxicology of nanomaterials in the environment. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this work will be of interest to chemical, environmental, and materials engineers concerned with the application of advanced materials for environmental and water remediation. Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh Barakat is a Professor of Environmental Sciences at both King Abdulaziz University (KAU)- Saudi Arabia, and Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI)- Egypt. He is highly qualified in the fields of industrial waste management and pollution control as well as catalysis and nanotechnology. His experience includes academic research works in Japan, Germany, the United States and Saudi Arabia, as well as initiating and leading industrial research projects in Egypt jointly with the United States. Rajeev Kumar is an Associate Professor in the Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. His research activities are in the areas of wastewater treatment and materials science. He studies the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

In the history of humankind, the sea has always played a key role as a privileged medium for communication, commerce and contact among population centers. It constitutes an essential ecosystem, and an invaluable reservoir and source of food for all living beings. Therefore, its heath is a critical challenge for the survival of all humanity, particularly as one the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. Measuring and monitoring techniques are key tools for managing the marine environment and for supporting the Blue Economy. With this perspective, a series of annual international events, entitled Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea for short) was begun in 2017. Their increasing success inspired this book, which provides an anthology of tutorials dealing with a representative selection of topics of concern to a broad readership. The book covers two broad application areas, marine hydrography and meteorology, and then deals with instrumentation for measurement at sea. Typical metrological issues such as calibration and traceability, are considered, for both physical and chemical quantities. Key techniques, such as underwater acoustic investigation, remote sensing, measurement of waves and monitoring networks, are treated alongside marine geology and the monitoring of animal species. Economic and legal aspects of metrology for navigation are also discussed. Such an unparalleled wide vision of measurement for the sea will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists, engineers, economists, and their students.

Co-location pattern mining detects sets of features frequently located in close proximity to each other. This book focuses on data mining for co-location pattern, a valid method for identifying patterns from all types of data and applying them in business intelligence and analytics. It explains the fundamentals of co-location pattern mining, co-location decision tree, and maximal instance co-location pattern mining along with an in-depth overview of data mining, machine learning, and statistics. This arrangement of chapters helps readers understand the methods of co-location pattern mining step-by-step and their applications in pavement management, image classification, geospatial buffer analysis, etc.

1 Explores the foundation of continuum mechanics 2 Establishes the tensorial nature of strain measures and influence of rotation of frames on various measures 3 Illustrates the physical meaning of the components of strains. 4 Provides the definitions and measures of stress 5 Prepares graduate students for fundamental and basic research work in engineering and sciences

Other volumes in the Wiley Series of Practical Construction Guides, edited by M.D. Morris, P.E. Construction of and on Compacted Fills Edward J. Monahan Offers practical and useful information for all those involved in the planning, specifications, and execution of earthwork construction. Aimed at showing practitioners in this field, from the architect to the fill inspector, how to avoid costly and potentially dangerous losses due to defective earth structures or fills. Aimed specifically at the nonspecialists who are routinely involved but do not consult with geotechnical specialists. 1986 (0471-87463-9) 200 pp. Construction Dewatering A Guide to Theory and Practice J. Patrick Powers Here are practical solutions to the problems of ground water control based on an amalgam of theory and practice from the author's more than 30 years' experience working on major construction and mining projects. Among the subjects covered are geology of soils, soil characteristics, hydrology of aquifers, hydrologic analysis of dewatering systems, piezometers, pumping tests, geotechnical investigation of dewatering, pump theory, ground water chemistry, piping systems, selecting a dewatering method, sumps drains, deep well systems, well-point systems, and more. 1981 (0471-69591-2) 484 pp. Construction Glossary An Encyclopedic Reference and Manual J. Stewart Stein In this reference/manual, J. Stewart Stein, AIA, FCSI, puts his extensive first-hand experience to use to help construction industry professionals through the maze of multiple meanings, historical references, and technical jargon in the construction language. The material is formatted to follow the 16 major divisions of the ConstructionSpecifications Institute's Master Format and the Uniform Construction index's specifications format. 1986 (0471-85736-X) 1,013 pp. Paper Construction of Drilled Pier Foundations David M, Greet and William S. Gardner .,."an authoritative and useful work of reference for engineers, geologists, contractors and all those who need to improve their knowledge of the equipment and techniques for bored piling and of the specifications controlling their use." --Geotechnique Focusing on foundation types, construction methods and quality control, Construction of Drilled Pier Foundations is the first of a two-volume reference that will update and expand on the groundwork established by the 15-year-old Drilled Pier Foundations. It is comprehensive, detailed, and up-to-date, with current techniques, equipment, and practice. 1986 (0471-82881-5) 246 pp.

This book presents students with the key fundamental elements of structural analysis and covers as much material as is needed for a single-semester course, allowing for a full understanding of indeterminate structural analysis methods without being overwhelming. Authored by four full professors of engineering, this class-tested approach is more practical and focused than what's found in other existing structural analysis titles, and therefore more easily digestible and accessible. It also allows students to solve indeterminate structural analysis problems by utilizing different methods, enabling them to compare the merits of each, and providing a greater understanding of the subject material. Features: Includes practical examples to illustrate the concepts presented throughout the book Examines and compares different methods to solve indeterminate structural analysis problems Presents a focused treatment of the subject suitable as a primary text for coursework Static Analysis of Determinate and Indeterminate Structures is suitable for Civil Engineering students taking Structural Analysis courses.