The book discusses the indispensable connection between the environment and health via all possible aspects, focussing on human interactions with the environment. The multi-dimensional field of environmental and human health perspectives with emerging issues and current trends is illustrated through supporting case studies, reviews, research reports and examples. It also covers crucial areas of research such as vector control in a tropical climate, influence of climate change on human health and so forth, including proliferation of microbial diseases. Environmental, health and safety guidelines are discussed as well. Aimed at graduate students and researchers in environmental and medical sciences, health and safety, and ecology, this book Highlights interdisciplinary aspects of environmental changes and associated health risks Explains different aspects of environmental pollution and health risks Includes dedicated chapters on global epidemics and biomedical and municipal waste Contains case studies pertaining to different health and safety issues.

Other volumes in the Wiley Series of Practical Construction Guides, edited by M.D. Morris, P.E. Construction of and on Compacted Fills Edward J. Monahan Offers practical and useful information for all those involved in the planning, specifications, and execution of earthwork construction. Aimed at showing practitioners in this field, from the architect to the fill inspector, how to avoid costly and potentially dangerous losses due to defective earth structures or fills. Aimed specifically at the nonspecialists who are routinely involved but do not consult with geotechnical specialists. 1986 (0471-87463-9) 200 pp. Construction Dewatering A Guide to Theory and Practice J. Patrick Powers Here are practical solutions to the problems of ground water control based on an amalgam of theory and practice from the author's more than 30 years' experience working on major construction and mining projects. Among the subjects covered are geology of soils, soil characteristics, hydrology of aquifers, hydrologic analysis of dewatering systems, piezometers, pumping tests, geotechnical investigation of dewatering, pump theory, ground water chemistry, piping systems, selecting a dewatering method, sumps drains, deep well systems, well-point systems, and more. 1981 (0471-69591-2) 484 pp. Construction Glossary An Encyclopedic Reference and Manual J. Stewart Stein In this reference/manual, J. Stewart Stein, AIA, FCSI, puts his extensive first-hand experience to use to help construction industry professionals through the maze of multiple meanings, historical references, and technical jargon in the construction language. The material is formatted to follow the 16 major divisions of the ConstructionSpecifications Institute's Master Format and the Uniform Construction index's specifications format. 1986 (0471-85736-X) 1,013 pp. Paper Construction of Drilled Pier Foundations David M, Greet and William S. Gardner .,."an authoritative and useful work of reference for engineers, geologists, contractors and all those who need to improve their knowledge of the equipment and techniques for bored piling and of the specifications controlling their use." --Geotechnique Focusing on foundation types, construction methods and quality control, Construction of Drilled Pier Foundations is the first of a two-volume reference that will update and expand on the groundwork established by the 15-year-old Drilled Pier Foundations. It is comprehensive, detailed, and up-to-date, with current techniques, equipment, and practice. 1986 (0471-82881-5) 246 pp.

In the history of humankind, the sea has always played a key role as a privileged medium for communication, commerce and contact among population centers. It constitutes an essential ecosystem, and an invaluable reservoir and source of food for all living beings. Therefore, its heath is a critical challenge for the survival of all humanity, particularly as one the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. Measuring and monitoring techniques are key tools for managing the marine environment and for supporting the Blue Economy. With this perspective, a series of annual international events, entitled Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea for short) was begun in 2017. Their increasing success inspired this book, which provides an anthology of tutorials dealing with a representative selection of topics of concern to a broad readership. The book covers two broad application areas, marine hydrography and meteorology, and then deals with instrumentation for measurement at sea. Typical metrological issues such as calibration and traceability, are considered, for both physical and chemical quantities. Key techniques, such as underwater acoustic investigation, remote sensing, measurement of waves and monitoring networks, are treated alongside marine geology and the monitoring of animal species. Economic and legal aspects of metrology for navigation are also discussed. Such an unparalleled wide vision of measurement for the sea will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists, engineers, economists, and their students.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and their associated technologies have advanced by leaps and bounds in the nine years since the first edition of this book was published. The concept of survey has changed, especially in the disciplines of geomatics and geoinformatics. This revised and updated second edition provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles and techniques of GNSS, analyzes all four active systems, and explains clearly how each of these systems works. Because of its straightforward treatment of the subject, readers will gain an insight into the techniques, trends, and applications of GNSS and develop knowledge on selecting an appropriate GNSS instrument. Written for students and practitioners in geoinformatics, geomatics engineering, surveying, and remote sensing and GIS, this introductory and practical book includes questions and exercises in each chapter. Key Features: * Furnishes detailed information on GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and other regional and augmented systems * Provides practical guidance for surveying, mapping, and navigation with GNSS * Sheds light on the latest developments and modern trends of GNSS * Includes a detailed glossary of related terms * Contains many illustrations that complement the text * Exercises for each chapter * MCQ, solution manual for mathematical problems, and PPT as online resources

Structural Analysis Fundamentals presents fundamental procedures of structural analysis, necessary for teaching undergraduate and graduate courses and structural design practice. It applies linear analysis of structures of all types, including beams, plane and space trusses, plane and space frames, plane and eccentric grids, plates and shells, and assemblage of finite-elements. It also treats plastic and time-dependent responses of structures to static loading, as well as dynamic analysis of structures and their response to earthquakes. Geometric nonlinearity in analysis of cable nets and membranes are examined. This is an ideal text for basic and advanced material for use in undergraduate and higher courses. A companion set of computer programs assist in a thorough understanding and application of analysis procedures. The authors provide a special program for each structural system or each procedure. Unlike commercial software, the user can apply any program of the set without a manual or training period. Students, lecturers and engineers internationally employ the procedures presented in in this text and its companion website. Ramez B. Gayed is a Civil Engineering Consultant and Adjunct Professor at the University of Calgary. He is expert on analysis and design of concrete and steel structures. Amin Ghali is Emeritus Professor at the University of Calgary. He is consultant on major international structures. He is inventor of several reinforcing systems for concrete. He has authored over 300 papers and eight patents. His books include Concrete Structures (2012), Circular Storage Tanks and Silos (CRC Press, 2014), and Structural Analysis (CRC Press, 2017).

This book aims to explore basic principles, concepts and applications of geochemistry. Topics include chemical weathering, impacts on living beings and water, geochemical cycles, oxidation and redox reactions in geochemistry, isotopes, analytical techniques, medicinal, inorganic, marine, atmospheric, and environmental applications, as well as case studies. This book helps in understanding the chemical composition of the earth and its applications. It also includes beneficial effects, bottlenecks, solutions, and future directions in geochemistry.

This book describes a broad view of sustainability as a crucial factor for the success of its implementation. Not only the environmental aspects of the sustainable cities development are reviewed but the economic and social aspects of it, as highlighted in the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 (make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable). Nowadays, researchers, students, and stakeholders are highly involved in sustainability issues. Because of this, they need a guiding document to help them develop and implement sustainability programs at the level of companies and institutions. In this book, the authors discuss and explain basic concepts of sustainability-related to social, economic and environmental aspects, as well as strategies for its implementation.

This classic text, now in its sixth edition, combines a thorough coverage of the basic principles of civil engineering hydraulics with a wide-ranging treatment of practical, real-world applications. It now includes a powerful online resource with worked solutions for chapter problems and solution spreadsheets for more complex problems that may be used as templates for similar issues. Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering is structured into two parts to deal with principles and more advanced topics. The first part focuses on fundamentals, such as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, pipe and open channel flow, wave theory, physical modelling, hydrology and sediment transport. The second part illustrates engineering applications of these principles to pipeline system design, hydraulic structures, river and coastal engineering, including up-to-date environmental implications, as well as a chapter on computational modelling, illustrating the application of computational simulation techniques to modern design, in a variety of contexts. New material and additional problems for solution have been added to the chapters on hydrostatics, pipe flow and dimensional analysis. The hydrology chapter has been revised to reflect updated UK flood estimation methods, data and software. The recommendations regarding the assessment of uncertainty, climate change predictions, impacts and adaptation measures have been updated, as has the guidance on the application of computational simulation techniques to river flood modelling. Andrew Chadwick is an honorary professor of coastal engineering and the former associate director of the Marine Institute at the University of Plymouth, UK. John Morfett was the head of hydraulics research and taught at the University of Brighton, UK. Martin Borthwick is a consultant hydrologist, formerly a flood hydrology advisor at the UK's Environment Agency, and previously an associate professor at the University of Plymouth, UK.

Design of Shallow and Deep Foundations introduces the concept of limit state calculations, before focusing on shallow and deep foundations. The limit state combinations of actions are examined, and practical calculation models of the bearing capacity and of the settlement are presented, particularly from the results of Menard pressuremeter tests and cone penetration tests. Attention is also given to the use of numerical methods, which has been developed over the past twenty years. It provides an overview of various elements of ground-structure interaction that are pertinent for a refined design of both shallow and deep foundations, such as allowable displacements of structures, and ground-structure couplings. This guide will be useful to practising engineers and experts in design offices, contracting companies and administrations, as well as students and researchers in civil engineering. Though its focus is generally on the French practice, it is more widely applicable to design based on, or generally in line with, Eurocode 7, with references to BS ENs. Roger Frank is an Honorary Professor at Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees (ENPC). From 1998 to 2004, he chaired the committee on Eurocode 7 on Geotechnical design. Fahd Cuira is the Scientific Director of Terrasol (Setec group), France. Since 2018, he has been in charge of the course on the design of geotechnical structures at ENPC. Sebastien Burlon is a Project Director at Terrasol (Setec group), France. He is involved in the evolution of Eurocode 7 and teaches several geotechnical courses, especially at ENPC.

The sixth edition of Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation is the complete and comprehensive text in the field. It presents modern methods of analysis and techniques adaptable to computer programming clearly and easily. The book is ideal as a text for advanced undergraduates or graduate students taking a first course in structural dynamics. It is arranged in such a way that it can be used for a one- or two-semester course, or span the undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, this text will serve the practicing engineer as a primary reference. The text differs from the standard approach of other presentations in which topics are ordered by their mathematical complexity. This text is organized by the type of structural modeling. The author simplifies the subject by presenting a single degree-of-freedom system in the first chapters, then moves to systems with many degrees-of-freedom in the following chapters. Finally, the text moves to applications of the first chapters and special topics in structural dynamics. This revised textbook intends to provide enhanced learning materials for students to learn structural dynamics, ranging from basics to advanced topics, including their application. When a line-by-line programming language is included with solved problems, students can learn course materials easily and visualize the solved problems using a program. Among several programming languages, MATLAB (R) has been adopted by many academic institutions across several disciplines. Many educators and students in the U.S. and many international institutions can readily access MATLAB (R), which has an appropriate programming language to solve and simulate problems in the textbook. It effectively allows matrix manipulations and plotting of data. Therefore, multi-degree-of freedom problems can be solved in conjunction with the finite element method using MATLAB (R).The revised version will include: * solved 34 examples in Chapters 1 through 22 along with MALAB codes. * basics of earthquake design with current design codes (ASCE 7-16 and IBC 2018). * additional figures obtained from MATLAB codes to illustrate time-variant structural behavior and dynamic characteristics (e.g., time versus displacement and spectral chart). This text is essential for civil engineering students. Professional civil engineers will find it an ideal reference.

This book is intended as a reference book for advanced graduate students and research engineers in block-in-matrix rocks (bimrocks) or soil and rock mixtures (SRMs) or rock and soil aggregate (RSA). Bimrocks are complex formations characterized by competent rock inclusions floating in a weaker matrix. Typical types of bimrocks include a series of mixed geological or engineering masses such as melanges, fault rocks, coarse pyroclastic rocks, breccias, sheared serpentines, and waste dump mixture. Bimrock is especially different from the general soil and rock material, and the detection of the damage and fracture is still wide open to innovative research. Globally, there is a widespread interest in investigating the geomechanical behaviors of bimrocks, such as deformation and strength characteristics, damage and fracture evolution, and stability prediction of bimrock construction. However, the meso-structural factors control the whole mechanical properties of bimrocks; the source of the macroscopic deformation phenomenon is the meso-structural changes. Therefore, evaluation of the mesoscopic physical and mechanical properties, together with advanced testing technique, is an attractive research topic in rock mechanics. As a result, comprehensive macroscopic and mesoscopic experimental investigations should be conducted to reveal the damage and fracturing mechanical behaviors of bimrocks. The readers of this work can gain new insights into the meso-structural changes of bimrocks subjected to different stress paths. This book is expected to improve the understanding of the mesoscopic damage and fracturing mechanisms of bimrocks, and can be helpful to predict the stability of rock structures where rock mass is subjected to complex loading conditions.

Volume 1 of a two volume set, this book is a self-contained, state-of-the-art analysis of remote sensing, ground-based, and spatial techniques used for characterizing biomass burning events and pollution. It is a collective achievement of renowned scientists working throughout South and Southeast Asia. They discuss the complexity of vegetation patterns, biomass characteristics, fire distribution, drivers of fires, and several examples of the use of novel satellite algorithms for mapping and monitoring biomass burning events. The book is highly interdisciplinary and integrates earth science and environmental science including ecology, fire science, spatial geography, remote sensing, and geospatial technologies. Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains how remote sensing and geospatial technologies help the mapping and monitoring of biomass burning events and their impacts. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts actually working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe. This book will serve as a valuable source of information for remote sensing scientists, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on fires and biomass burning in South/Southeast Asia.

Biomass burning is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols in South and Southeast Asia and greatly impacts other countries through transboundary air pollution. With contributions from leading scientists, this volume offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the impacts of biomass burning on the land resources, climate, and the atmosphere. It showcases several examples linking top-down remote sensing, bottom-up ground-based measurements, and an integrated modeling to address the impacts of biomass burning and land-atmosphere interactions. It is a valuable guide for readers in atmospheric science, ecology, spatial geography, remote sensing, and GIS. This book is unique as it highlights the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. It explains the latest tools and techniques, in particular the use of satellite remote sensing and geospatial technologies for fire mapping, monitoring, and land cover/land use change. It focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. It addresses the pressing issues of air pollution rampant in South and Southeast Asia. It includes contributions from global experts working on biomass burning projects in the USA, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe. The contents of this book will appeal to students and professionals using remote sensing and geospatial techniques, including geographers, ecologists, atmospheric and environmental scientists, and all who are interested in biomass burning pollution.

Port engineering primarily deals with the design, construction, operation, management, and maintenance of ports, overlapping with many other disciplines. This book provides an introductory text to prospective (graduate) port engineers and presents a wide variety of port subjects for practicing engineers. It covers almost all topics related to port engineering in a fundamental way, including dredging, marine aids to navigation, environmental issues, containers, liquid bulk, dry bulk, general cargo, multipurpose, roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro), fishing, and ferry terminals. Discussions are targeted at a conceptual design level.

Other features:

Aspects of port engineering are discussed, including shipping, maritime trade, environmental aspects (such as climate change), resilience of ports, nature-based solutions, and port management (such as security, equipment, slurry pumping, and so forth)

Illustrates the design of port terminals

Discusses site selection for a new port, the factors to be considered, and ways to compare different potential port sites

Explores asset management and repair of marine structures

Includes case studies from around the world, examples, and practical and user-friendly guidelines

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Brief Overview of Port Engineering

1.2 Aim

1.3 Exclusions

1.4 Layout of the book

2. Ports, Shipping, and Maritime Trade

2.1 General

2.2 Port Description and Activities

2.3 Cargo

2.4 Shipping

2.5 International Seaborne Trade

3. Environmental Considerations

3.1 General

3.2 Environmental Assessment and Management

3.3 Strategic Environmental Assessment

3.4 Environmental Impact Assessment

3.5 Sustainable Ports

3.6 Climate Change

3.7 Coastal Vulnerability and Adaptation Pathways

3.8 Resilience of Ports

3.9 Working-with-Nature Concept and Nature-Based Solutions

4. Aspects of Port Management

4.1 General

4.2 Evolution of Ports

4.3 Port Administration and Ownership

4.4 Personnel Functions and Human Resources

4.5 Port Performance

4.6 Port Pricing

4.7 Port Security

5. Port Planning

5.1 General

5.2 Background to Port Planning

5.3 Traditional Master Planning

5.4 Adaptive Port Planning

5.5 General Port Problems

5.6 Examples of Traditional Master Plans

6. Ship Motions, Channels, and Harbor Areas

6.1 General

6.2 Forces on Ships

6.3 Ship Motions and Mooring

6.4 Navigation Channels

6.5 Turning Circle

6.6 Anchorage Area

6.7 Harbor Basins and Berths

6.8 Preliminary and Detailed Design of Water Areas

6.9 Effects of Coastal Processes

7. Port Equipment and Infrastructure

7.1 General

7.2 Cargo Handling Equipment for Marine Terminals

7.3 Land Infrastructure

8. Conceptual Design of Port Terminals

8.1 General

8.2 General Cargo and Multi-Purpose Terminals

8.3 Container Terminals

8.4 Dry Bulk Terminals

8.5 Liquid Bulk Terminals

8.6 Ro-Ro, Ferry, and Passenger Terminals

8.7 Fishing Terminals and Harbors

9. Marine Aids to Navigation

9.1 General

9.2 Regulatory Regime

9.3 Basics of Optics and Lights

9.4 Types and Applications of Marine Aids to Navigation

10. Dredging

10.1 General

10.2 Basic Dredging Concepts

10.3 Types of Dredges

10.4 Dredging Equipment

10.5 Breaking and Removal of Rock

10.6 Slurry Pumping

10.7 Use and Disposal of Dredged Material

10.8 Typical Dredging Rates

10.9 Dredge Types for Different Materials

10.10 Physical Impacts of Dredging

10.11 Dredging Plan and Choice of Dredge

10.12 Sand Bypass Schemes

11. Asset Management and Maintenance of Marine Structures

11.1 General

11.2 Asset Management for Infrastructure

11.3 Basics of Concrete Durability and Corrosion

11.4 Examples of Damaged Structures

11.5 Repair of Marine Structures

11.6 A Few Working Methods

Many urban and transportation problems, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and environmental burdens, result from poor integration of land use and transportation. This graduate-level textbook outlines strategies for sustainably integrating land use and transportation planning, addressing the impact on land use of advanced transport like light rail transit and autonomous cars, and the emerging focus on cyber space and the role of ICT and big data in city planning. The text also explores how we can create sustainable cities for the future. In contrast to the "compact city", which has been proposed as an environmentally friendly urban model, recent years have seen an acceleration in the introduction of ICT-based "smart city". As people's lives are drastically changed by COVID-19, a new form of city is being explored. The new concept of a "smart sharing city" is introduced as an urban model that wisely integrates physical and cyber space, and presents a way to solve future urban issues with new technologies.

This book presents an isospectral approach for several important mechanical vibrating systems. Discrete and continuous isospectral systems are discussed using a simple multi-degree of freedom spring-mass system followed by illustration of isospectral beams and their solution through evolutionary computing. Next, it addresses axially loaded Euler-Bernoulli beams and aims to find isospectral counterparts of these systems. The practical application of these isospectral systems for vibration testing and for finding new closed form solutions is discussed. A considerable part of the book is devoted to isospectral rotating beams and their non-rotating analogs including Rayleigh beams. Aimed at researchers and graduate students in mechanical; aerospace; civil; automotive; ocean engineering especially mechanical vibrations, this monograph: Discusses isospectral vibrating systems to aid vibration testing and computational analysis Explores isospectral analogs between rotating and non-rotating structures Provides simpler isospectral beams for vibration testing and for 3D printing Uses firefly optimization method and electromagnetism inspired optimization method to find isospectral systems Shows the use of isospectral systems to find new closed form solutions using an indirect approach

Considering the uncertainties in mechanical engineering in order to improve the performance of future products or systems is becoming a competitive advantage, sometimes even a necessity, when seeking to guarantee an increasingly high safety requirement. Mechanical Engineering in Uncertainties deals with modeling, quantification and propagation of uncertainties. It also examines how to take into account uncertainties through reliability analyses and optimization under uncertainty. The spectrum of the methods presented ranges from classical approaches to more recent developments and advanced methods. The methodologies are illustrated by concrete examples in various fields of mechanics (civil engineering, mechanical engineering and fluid mechanics). This book is intended for both (young) researchers and engineers interested in the treatment of uncertainties in mechanical engineering.

Climate change has been a central concern over recent years, with visible and highly publicized consequences such as melting Arctic ice and mountain glaciers, rising sea levels, and the submersion of low-lying coastal areas during mid-latitude and tropical cyclones. This book presents a review of the spatial impacts of contemporary climate change, with a focus on a systematic, multi-scalar approach. Beyond the facts - rises in temperature, changes in the spatial distribution of precipitation, melting of the marine and terrestrial cryosphere, changes in hydrological regimes at high and medium latitudes, etc. - it also analyzes the geopolitical consequences in the Arctic and Central Asia, changes to Mediterranean culture and to viticulture on a global scale, as well as impacts on the distribution of life, for example, in the Amazon rainforest, in large biomes on a global scale, and for birds.

Over three billion metric tons of cement are produced annually worldwide, making concrete the most extensively used construction material. Self-sensing, or smart, cement allows real-time monitoring of performance through the entire service life of a concrete structure, for the detection of changing stresses, contamination, excessive temperature, gas leaks and pre-seismic activity. This is achieved by adding a very small proportion of conductive or semi-conductive fibers, such as carbon fibers to the bulk cement, making it piezoresistive, and enabling changes in the concrete's electrical resistivity in response to shear stress and strain to be monitored. This state-of-the-art reference work presents experimental results with a realistic theoretical framework, for cement manufactures, concrete technologists and contractors as well as researchers.

Waste Management Policies and Practices in BRICS Nations explores recent developments in waste management. BRICS nations are the emerging economies of the world. Increasing populations, urbanization, industrialization and uses of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in agriculture for enhanced productivity of food, especially in India and China, to support the large populations harm the natural environment. The rise in the living standards of the human population has increased environmental pollution manifold, resulting in the huge generation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste simultaneously, which has contaminated natural resources such as soil, water and air. It has led to undesirable effects on the environment and human health. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Waste management problems with special reference to MSW in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa Solid waste management in BRICS nations Hazardous waste management in BRICS nations Policies and laws in BRICS nations This book contains both policies and methods used for the management of waste in BRICS nations. The chapters incorporate both policies and practical aspects.

Efficient Management of Wastewater from Manufacturing is an accessible research compendium, highly useful for anyone involved with the phytosanitaries, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, or textile industries. The editor, Victor Monsalvo, is a well-respected expert in the field who has included many of his own studies. He has also enlisted articles from other researchers from around the world. Together, they offer a range of treatment methodologies for manufacturing wastewater, including anaerobic processes and catalyzation. They focus on advanced treatment processes that would improve current efficiency and reduced energy costs. Feasibility and potential problems are also thoroughly discussed, creating a realistic and practical research collection. Included within the book are chapters on the following topics: An overview of pesticide toxicity More efficient anaerobic treatments for agricultural wastewater Wastewater treatment methodologies for specific sectors of the food-production industry, including slaughterhouses, fish processing plants, dairies, fruit canning factories, and wineries Biological treatment systems for wastewater containing cosmetic and pharmaceutical chemicals and byproducts Improved methodologies for removing dye from textile wastewater The range of topics will be of practical use to chemical, civil, and environmental engineers. Researchers at the graduate level will find here a wealth of studies that will prove fruitful for future investigation.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This compendium volume contains the most current technical and economic analyses of emerging waste disposal strategies. The editor, a well-respected researcher in this field, has selected articles that will be valuable to readers who range from engineers and academics to decision-makers in both the public and private sectors. Several international case studies give practical applications and examples of the various technologies and approaches. A final section discusses policy planning for the future.

Ground improvement has been one of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving areas of geotechnical engineering and construction over the past 40 years. The need to develop sites with marginal soils has made ground improvement an increasingly important core component of geotechnical engineering curricula. Fundamentals of Ground Improvement Engineering addresses the most effective and latest cutting-edge techniques for ground improvement. Key ground improvement methods are introduced that provide readers with a thorough understanding of the theory, design principles, and construction approaches that underpin each method. Major topics are compaction, permeation grouting, vibratory methods, soil mixing, stabilization and solidification, cutoff walls, dewatering, consolidation, geosynthetics, jet grouting, ground freezing, compaction grouting, and earth retention. The book is ideal for undergraduate and graduate-level university students, as well as practitioners seeking fundamental background in these techniques. The numerous problems, with worked examples, photographs, schematics, charts and graphs make it an excellent reference and teaching tool.

Understanding Risk to Wildlife from Exposures to Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) provides the most recent summary of toxicity data relevant to mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, and provides values for use in risk assessment applications. Predicting the bioaccumulation of PFAS in terrestrial wildlife (including humans) has proven to be extremely complex. As a group, PFAS act differently than traditional non-ionic organic molecules, where PFAS can break down and reform, whereas some are demonstrated to be extremely persistent. Where sufficient data are provided, this book establishes toxicity reference values (TRVs), which are derived to assist in characterizing environmental sources of contamination and making risk-based decisions. Features: Provides toxicity reference values (TRVs) for vertebrates (mammals, birds, amphibians) for PFAS, where sufficient data are available, and includes objective supporting background information. Assigns a level of confidence to each TRV to provide the risk assessor with an understanding of the relative uncertainty associated with each value. Presents toxicity data in the formats of scatter diagrams and tables for quick review and assessment. Provides TRVs relevant for screening and decision making This book serves as a useful aid for risk assessors and managers in those industries that have sites contaminated with PFAS, consultants tasked with evaluating risks at such sites, and staff at regulatory agencies at various governmental levels, who need to know how much contamination is considered safe for wildlife. It will also appeal to researchers with an interest in filling the gaps in the current toxicological data for PFAS exposure.

This informative volume provides comprehensive knowledge on various aspects of wastewater resource management from the point of process sustainability and resource recovery. This authoritative compendium is crucial for developing resource-efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies and management strategies for both small (decentralized) and large (centralized) communities. Traditional wastewater systems have become increasingly energy-consuming and cost-intensive while also not meeting the increasing standards for nutrient removal and sustainable development. This book incorporates the latest developments in pollutant removal and resource recovery schemes in wastewater treatment. It highlights advances that have been made in microbiological processes; design of treatment methods; process configurations; energy conservation and efficiency improvement schemes; nutrient removal; recovery, reclamation, and recycling; beneficial uses of wastewater; and bioenergy and biochemical production from wastewater and sludge streams. Waste-to-energy technologies, especially wastewater treatment as a potential biofuel energy alternative through bioelectrochemical and other processes, are also discussed in this book.