This book addresses the problem of waste management by using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The authors discuss how to apply MCDM, a complex decision-making tool that involves both quantitative and qualitative factors, to develop strategies for effective waste management using various optimization models to rank alternatives, while also incorporating the concerns and needs of multiple stakeholders to find the most optimal decisions for various types of wastes. Typically, there does not exist a single optimal solution to waste problems; with help of MCDM, far better solutions can often be found and utilized to facilitate sustainable waste management techniques in various industries. This book provides unique, effective, and quick decision-making strategies for waste management. With the ever-increasing population and continuing human development, the problem of managing waste becomes increasingly essential, and this volume helps lead the way to finding sustainable solutions.

This book discusses new and innovative trends and techniques in the removal of toxic and or refractory pollutants through various environmental biotechnological processes from wastewater, both at the laboratory and industrial scale. It focuses primarily on environmentally-friendly technologies which respect the principles of sustainable development, including the advanced trends in remediation through an approach of environmental biotechnological processes from either industrial or sewage wastewater. Features: Examines the fate and occurrence of refractory pollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the potential approaches for their removal. Highlights advanced remediation procedures involving various microbiological and biochemical processes. Assesses and compares the potential application of numerous existing treatment techniques and introduces new, emerging technologies. Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants is suitable for practicing engineers, researchers, water utility managers, and students who seek an excellent introduction and basic knowledge in the principles of environmental bioremediation technologies.

In the near future, many parts of the world will suffer from a shortage of freshwater. Effective use of seawater in concrete production could therefore become a crucial technology. Seawater in Concrete Mix provides a detailed overview of the fundamental knowledge of concrete engineering that is essential for the usage of seawater-mixed concrete. According to the worldwide standard for reinforced concrete (RC), freshwater is typically used in concrete mixing rather than seawater. Yet a potential exists for the extensive use of seawater in concrete, especially with the addition of ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, or other mineral admixtures. The recent trend toward performance-based design makes this alternative more viable. The text is ideal for graduate students, researchers, concrete engineers, and all civil engineers who deal with concrete for infrastructure. Hidenori Hamada is Professor of Kyushu University, Japan. Nobuaki Otsuki is Professor Emeritus of Tokyo Institute of Technology and was Chairman of the JCI Technical Committee on the use of seawater in concrete. Takahiro Nishida is Senior Researcher of the Japanese National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology.

Cover several Other Physical Chemical (OPC) technologies, which are recent developments Deal with municipal solid waste, their treatment/disposal methods, recycling, and reuse in addition to the hazardous and medical waste management program Assist civil/environmental engineering students and local community organizations in evaluating the impact of an industry and its associated waste produced on-site Cover how best to treat/manage the waste to arrive at a safe operation without impacting human health and the local environment

Provides practical solutions for the treatment and recycling of distillery waste illustrated by specific case studies. Focuses on recent industry practices and preferences, along with newer approaches for wastewater treatment. An instructive compilation of treatment approaches, including advanced physicochemical and integrated/sequential methods. Covers biocomposting of sludge and effluent and biodiesel production from distillery waste for recycling and sustainable development. Emphasizing the relationship of metagenomics with organometallic compounds of distillery waste. Discusses the role of ligninolytic enzymes and bioreactors in distillery wastewater treatment.

First Published in 1999: The Bridge Engineering Handbook is a unique, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art reference work and resource book covering the major areas of bridge engineering with the theme "bridge to the 21st century."

"Accurate and fully explicit mathematical models and derivations make the proposed method truly universal irrespective of the geographical location and the kind of virus epidemic." Minvydas Ragulskis, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania The effects of a pandemic on public, personal and freight transport can be sudden and massive, and yet transport is vital to the functioning of an advanced economy and society. On the other hand, transport, due to social mobility, has a decisive influence on the speed and scope of epidemic spread. This book presents a complete methodology for assessing the hazards, and probability and risks of viral transmission on transport services, using as a detailed example the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. It gives proposals and recommendations for estimating human deaths caused by virus infection in transport. Significantly, it considers not only passenger transport but also freight transport, such as delivery or parcel services. The tools include a matrix of hazard assessment in various transportation services, with a methodology for estimating the probability of virus transmission through both droplets and surface contact. These allow estimation of the effects of infections and consequent epidemic risk in all kinds of transport services, including freight, and provide methods for forecasting and risk management which determine transport safety. Rafal Burdzik is a professor in the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering at Silesian University of Technology, Poland, with more than 20 years of transport research experience.

Excavation is an important segment of foundation engineering (e.g., in the construction of the foundations or basements of high-rise buildings, underground oil tanks, or subways). However, the excavation knowledge introduced in most books on foundation engineering is too simple to handle actual excavation analysis and design. Moreover, with economic development and urbanization, excavations go deeper and are larger in scale. These conditions require elaborate analysis, design methods and construction technologies. This book is aimed at both theoretical explication and practical application. From basic to advanced, this book attempts to achieve theoretical rigor and consistency. Each chapter is followed by a problem set so that the book can be readily taught at senior undergraduate and graduate levels. The solution to the problems at the end of the chapters can be found on the website (http://www.ct.ntust.edu.tw/ou/). On the other hand, the analysis methods introduced in the book can be used in actual analysis and design as they contain the most up-to-date knowledge. Therefore, this book is suitable for teachers who teach foundation engineering and/or deep excavation courses and engineers who are engaged in excavation analysis and design.

In this updated and expanded second edition, Keith Potts and Nii Ankrah examine key issues in construction cost management across the building and civil engineering sectors, both in the UK and overseas. Best practice from pre-contract to post-contract phases of the project life-cycle are illustrated using major projects such as Heathrow Terminal 5, Crossrail and the London 2012 Olympics as case studies. More worked examples, legal cases, case studies and current research have been introduced to cover every aspect of the cost manager's role. Whole-life costing, value management, and risk management are also addressed, and self-test questions at the end of each chapter support independent learning. This comprehensive book is essential reading for students on surveying and construction management programmes, as well as built environment practitioners with cost or project management responsibilities.

Provides information on biofouling control with broad significance and applicability in various industrial and research areas Discusses microbially induced corrosion on biofuel transporting pipelines Includes data from experiments conducted to overcome a biofouling and biocorrosion Gives out attention to metallic coatings and environmental considerations. Explores novel technologies preventing biofouling on metallic and polymeric substrates

Ground improvement has been one of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving areas of geotechnical engineering and construction over the past 40 years. The need to develop sites with marginal soils has made ground improvement an increasingly important core component of geotechnical engineering curricula. Fundamentals of Ground Improvement Engineering addresses the most effective and latest cutting-edge techniques for ground improvement. Key ground improvement methods are introduced that provide readers with a thorough understanding of the theory, design principles, and construction approaches that underpin each method. Major topics are compaction, permeation grouting, vibratory methods, soil mixing, stabilization and solidification, cutoff walls, dewatering, consolidation, geosynthetics, jet grouting, ground freezing, compaction grouting, and earth retention. The book is ideal for undergraduate and graduate-level university students, as well as practitioners seeking fundamental background in these techniques. The numerous problems, with worked examples, photographs, schematics, charts and graphs make it an excellent reference and teaching tool.

There are many UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Germany. Most of them are built with natural stones. These sites are commonly presented to the public with a lot of information regarding historical, cultural and artistic aspects. Mostly, there is no focus on the main building material if it concerns natural stones. This work aims to show that it is precisely the natural stone that lends the sites their distinctive character. The used stones demonstrate the context and the interaction with the geology of the surrounding countryside as well as possibilities of transport and treatment. They reflect the culture and society at the time of the building phases. The second part of the work presents the most important stones that were used at these sites, along with their occurrences, aspects of quarrying in historical times and of course their petrographical, mineralogical and technical features. It is shown how these features influence the weathering of the stones and how restoration of stones is carried out. The book will serve as a useful source book for geologists, archaeologists, architects, representatives of the natural stone industry, historians and cultural heritage management professionals specifically, and for academic and nonacademic communities, travelers and tourism industry operators in general.

Covers topics that are not common but highly important in the Developing World Highlights a most actual and germane topic through a specific relationship with a real situation Discusses developments relevant to a large catchment area Provides a good balance between vernacular and contemporary examples

Covers topics that are not common but highly important in the Developing World Highlights a most actual and germane topic through a specific relationship with a real situation Discusses developments relevant to a large catchment area Provides a good balance between vernacular and contemporary examples

Discusses basic principles, design methodology, influence of various parameters on design and construction features Gives techno-economical design for various combination of pertinent parameters Shows how to design masonry and concrete walls Describes design principles and methodology of breast walls with illustrative examples and construction features Includes design charts and tables for ease of access and quick design process of breast walls

Structural Analysis Fundamentals presents fundamental procedures of structural analysis, necessary for teaching undergraduate and graduate courses and structural design practice. It applies linear analysis of structures of all types, including beams, plane and space trusses, plane and space frames, plane and eccentric grids, plates and shells, and assemblage of finite-elements. It also treats plastic and time-dependent responses of structures to static loading, as well as dynamic analysis of structures and their response to earthquakes. Geometric nonlinearity in analysis of cable nets and membranes are examined. This is an ideal text for basic and advanced material for use in undergraduate and higher courses. A companion set of computer programs assist in a thorough understanding and application of analysis procedures. The authors provide a special program for each structural system or each procedure. Unlike commercial software, the user can apply any program of the set without a manual or training period. Students, lecturers and engineers internationally employ the procedures presented in in this text and its companion website. Ramez B. Gayed is a Civil Engineering Consultant and Adjunct Professor at the University of Calgary. He is expert on analysis and design of concrete and steel structures. Amin Ghali is Emeritus Professor at the University of Calgary. He is consultant on major international structures. He is inventor of several reinforcing systems for concrete. He has authored over 300 papers and eight patents. His books include Concrete Structures (2012), Circular Storage Tanks and Silos (CRC Press, 2014), and Structural Analysis (CRC Press, 2017).

Structural Analysis Fundamentals presents fundamental procedures of structural analysis, necessary for teaching undergraduate and graduate courses and structural design practice. It applies linear analysis of structures of all types, including beams, plane and space trusses, plane and space frames, plane and eccentric grids, plates and shells, and assemblage of finite-elements. It also treats plastic and time-dependent responses of structures to static loading, as well as dynamic analysis of structures and their response to earthquakes. Geometric nonlinearity in analysis of cable nets and membranes are examined. This is an ideal text for basic and advanced material for use in undergraduate and higher courses. A companion set of computer programs assist in a thorough understanding and application of analysis procedures. The authors provide a special program for each structural system or each procedure. Unlike commercial software, the user can apply any program of the set without a manual or training period. Students, lecturers and engineers internationally employ the procedures presented in in this text and its companion website. Ramez B. Gayed is a Civil Engineering Consultant and Adjunct Professor at the University of Calgary. He is expert on analysis and design of concrete and steel structures. Amin Ghali is Emeritus Professor at the University of Calgary. He is consultant on major international structures. He is inventor of several reinforcing systems for concrete. He has authored over 300 papers and eight patents. His books include Concrete Structures (2012), Circular Storage Tanks and Silos (CRC Press, 2014), and Structural Analysis (CRC Press, 2017).

Design of Shallow and Deep Foundations introduces the concept of limit state calculations, before focusing on shallow and deep foundations. The limit state combinations of actions are examined, and practical calculation models of the bearing capacity and of the settlement are presented, particularly from the results of Menard pressuremeter tests and cone penetration tests. Attention is also given to the use of numerical methods, which has been developed over the past twenty years. It provides an overview of various elements of ground-structure interaction that are pertinent for a refined design of both shallow and deep foundations, such as allowable displacements of structures, and ground-structure couplings. This guide will be useful to practising engineers and experts in design offices, contracting companies and administrations, as well as students and researchers in civil engineering. Though its focus is generally on the French practice, it is more widely applicable to design based on, or generally in line with, Eurocode 7, with references to BS ENs. Roger Frank is an Honorary Professor at Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees (ENPC). From 1998 to 2004, he chaired the committee on Eurocode 7 on Geotechnical design. Fahd Cuira is the Scientific Director of Terrasol (Setec group), France. Since 2018, he has been in charge of the course on the design of geotechnical structures at ENPC. Sebastien Burlon is a Project Director at Terrasol (Setec group), France. He is involved in the evolution of Eurocode 7 and teaches several geotechnical courses, especially at ENPC.

Waste Management Policies and Practices in BRICS Nations explores recent developments in waste management. BRICS nations are the emerging economies of the world. Increasing populations, urbanization, industrialization and uses of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in agriculture for enhanced productivity of food, especially in India and China, to support the large populations harm the natural environment. The rise in the living standards of the human population has increased environmental pollution manifold, resulting in the huge generation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste simultaneously, which has contaminated natural resources such as soil, water and air. It has led to undesirable effects on the environment and human health. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Waste management problems with special reference to MSW in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa Solid waste management in BRICS nations Hazardous waste management in BRICS nations Policies and laws in BRICS nations This book contains both policies and methods used for the management of waste in BRICS nations. The chapters incorporate both policies and practical aspects.

Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more.

This book - comprised of three separate volumes - presents the recent developments and research discoveries in structural and solid mechanics; it is dedicated to Professor Isaac Elishakoff. This first volume is devoted to the statics and stability of solid and structural members. Modern Trends in Structural and Solid Mechanics 1 has broad scope, covering topics such as: buckling of discrete systems (elastic chains, lattices with short and long range interactions, and discrete arches), buckling of continuous structural elements including beams, arches and plates, static investigation of composite plates, exact solutions of plate problems, elastic and inelastic buckling, dynamic buckling under impulsive loading, buckling and post-buckling investigations, buckling of conservative and non-conservative systems and buckling of micro and macro-systems. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers in the field of theoretical and applied mechanics.

This book - comprised of three separate volumes - presents the recent developments and research discoveries in structural and solid mechanics; it is dedicated to Professor Isaac Elishakoff. This third volume is devoted to non-deterministic mechanics. Modern Trends in Structural and Solid Mechanics 3 has broad scope, covering topics such: design optimization under uncertainty, interval field approaches, convex analysis, quantum inspired topology optimization and stochastic dynamics. The book is illustrated by many applications in the field of aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, biomedical engineering and automotive engineering. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers in the field of theoretical and applied mechanics.

The book discusses the indispensable connection between the environment and health via all possible aspects, focussing on human interactions with the environment. The multi-dimensional field of environmental and human health perspectives with emerging issues and current trends is illustrated through supporting case studies, reviews, research reports and examples. It also covers crucial areas of research such as vector control in a tropical climate, influence of climate change on human health and so forth, including proliferation of microbial diseases. Environmental, health and safety guidelines are discussed as well. Aimed at graduate students and researchers in environmental and medical sciences, health and safety, and ecology, this book Highlights interdisciplinary aspects of environmental changes and associated health risks Explains different aspects of environmental pollution and health risks Includes dedicated chapters on global epidemics and biomedical and municipal waste Contains case studies pertaining to different health and safety issues.

History of Construction Cultures Volume 1 contains papers presented at the 7ICCH - Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.

With over a million commercial/institutional buildings and countless residences erected in the U.S. prior to World War II, more and more AECs and facility professionals are having to manage and estimate preservation of these projects. This book provides crucial information on: Applicable standards and financingSite survey and documentation methodsProtecting finishes and featuresHazardous materialsIdentifying and qualifying specialty contractorsMechanical/electrical systems upgradesIncludes a reference guide on old building materials and how to restore them

The Cost Estimating section explains how to assemble a reliable, detailed estimate. The book also covers budgeting for future maintenance of the restored building.

Authored and reviewed by a team of leading experts in the field of historic preservation, restoration, and rehabilitation - authorities recognized nationwide in design and construction.