The design of structures in general, and prestressed concrete structures in particular, requires considerably more information than is contained in building codes. A sound understanding of structural behaviour at all stages of loading is essential. This textbook presents a detailed description and explanation of the behaviour of prestressed concrete members and structures, both at service loads and at ultimate loads, and in doing so, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to structural design. Much of the text is based on first principles and relies only on the principles of mechanics and the properties of concrete and steel, with numerous worked examples. However, where the design requirements are code specific, this book refers to the provisions of the Australian Standard for Concrete Structures (AS3600-2009) and, where possible, the notation is the same as in AS3600-2009. A parallel volume is written to Eurocode 2, the European Standard for the Design of Concrete Structures. The text runs from an introduction to the fundamentals to in-depth treatments of more advanced topics in modern prestressed concrete structures. It suits senior undergraduate and graduate students, and also practising engineers who want a comprehensive guide to the design of prestressed concrete structures. It retains the clear and concise explanations and the easy-to-read style of the first edition, but the content has been extensively reorganised and considerably expanded and updated. New chapters cover design procedures, actions, and loads; prestressing systems and construction requirements; and connections and detailing. The topic of serviceability is developed extensively throughout. The authors have been researching and teaching the behaviour and design of prestressed concrete structures for more than 35 years, and this updated edition of the book reflects this wealth of experience. The work has also gained much from Ian Gilbe.

This international seminar's fifth edition, dedicated to the theme Desenho (...) Cidade (...) Corpo, Habitando a Terra (Drawing [...] City [...] Body, Inhabiting the Earth) was held as a joint activity between: this C.I.A.U.D./F.A./U.Lisboa Research Project, the University of Sao Paulo, represented by the Maria Antonia University Centre, and the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Its objectives were threefold: To discuss how Drawing in/of the City and the elements that identify it (geographical area, inhabitants, natural landscape and/or built landscape; present, desired or memorable facts and data) are represented and identified through the presence and/or action of the body, in the form of gestures, movements, interventions, displacements or permanence. To problematise the association between Drawing and City from the starting point of the perception of the Body, assuming this mediation as a condition for the particular construction of that relationship. To identify the presence of the Body in the Representations/Drawings of the City, submitting this event or phenomenon to analysis, aiming for cognitive production. The contributions will be of interest to artists, academics and professionals in the fields of drawing and the arts, architecture, sociology, philosophy, urbanism and design.

This book introduces the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) and summarizes progress in this area. The UTCI was developed as part of the European COST Action Program and first announced to the scientific community in 2009. Since then, a decade has followed of applicability tests and research results, as well as knowledge gained from applying the UTCI in human adaptation and thermal perception. These findings are of interest to researchers in the interdisciplinary areas of biometeorology, climatology and urban planning. The book summarizes this progress, discussing the limitations found and provides pointers to future developments. It also discusses UTCI applications in the areas of human biometeorology and urban planning including possibilities of using UTCI and similar indices in climate-responsive urban planning. The book's message is illustrated with many case studies from the real world. Chapter 10 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

A serious scholarly look at the work of R. Buckminster Fuller is long overdue. While Fuller himself wrote and published many volumes, and several biographies were written about him, there is little research that contributes to a critical understanding of his work and its historical significance. The 1,300-plus linear feet of material contained in the Fuller Archive at Stanford, including papers, photographs, audio and video recordings, and models, has been recently organized and described by the Department of Special Collections, and is ready to be explored by a new generation of scholars.
Fuller's work has often suffered from lopsided treatment. Some laud him as a planetary prophet whose design science work foretold sustainable architecture and nanotechnology; others dismiss him as a "delirious technician" with a talent for linguistic obfuscation. Between adulation and disdain must lie a balanced picture of Fuller's life and his work.
This volume paints that picture by taking a broader historical view, discussing Fuller and his work in the context of larger social and cultural patterns. Fuller is a common thread in a critical cultural history that will show him to be both a participant in and a product of his times. By placing Fuller and his work in a historical framework, we will arrive at a much richer understanding of both this self-made polymath and his times. This fresh, contextual look at Fuller's work from leading scholars in different fields is an important step toward filling the void of serious scholarship on Fuller.

Many old riveted railway bridges are replaced too soon due to a general lack of knowledge about the expected life span. This indicates the need for more information on fatigue and brittle fracture of riveted bridges. This book unveils extensive research and literature results on riveted bridges' fatigue life and shows how to take fatigue properly into account when deciding about the future service life of a riveted railway bridge. It deals with the expected fatigue life, level of stress ranges by traffic, effect of temperature and aging, loading histories, crack detection, loose rivets, other defects, repair and strengthening, providing proper instructions and more. Intended for structural, bridge and steel construction engineers.

The book presents documentary evidence of the insufficiency of rehabilitation works to close the gap between the irrigation service and actual area irrigated of publicly funded national irrigation systems in the Philippines. It outlines a methodology for formulating a modernisation plan for national irrigation systems with focus on the mostly ungauged, medium to small canal irrigation systems. The proposed methodology adaptively modified some known modernisation concepts and techniques and integrated them in a more holistic framework in the context of changing weather patterns and river flow regimes. It includes in-depth review of rehabilitation works; system diagnosis; revalidation of design assumptions on percolation and water supply; characterisation of system management, irrigation service and demand; and drawing up of options and a vision for the modernised irrigation systems. Central to the proposed modernisation strategy is the logical coherence among the design of physical structures, system operation and water supply so that improvements of irrigation service are possible. The book discusses the development of the proposed methodology and demonstrates its utility in two case study irrigation systems.

This work investigated two different approaches to optimize biological sulphate reduction in order to develop a process control strategy to optimize the input of an electron donor and to study how to increase the feasibility of using a cheap carbon source. Feast/famine regimes, applied to design the control strategy, were shown to induce the accumulation of storage compounds in the sulphate reducing biomass. This study showed that delays in the response time and a high control gain can be considered as the most critical factors affecting a sulphide control strategy in bioreactors. The delays are caused by the induction of different metabolic pathways in the anaerobic sludge, including the accumulation of storage products. On this basis, a mathematical model was developed and validated. This can be used to develop optimal control strategies. In order to understand the microbial pathways in the anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulphate reduction (AOM-SR), diverse potential electron donors and acceptors were added to in vitro incubations of an AOM-SR enrichment at high pressure. Acetate was formed in the control group, probably resulting from the reduction of CO2. These results support the hypothesis that acetate may serve as an intermediate in the AOM-SR process.

Illuminating opportunities to develop a more integrated approach to municipal water system design, Natural and Engineered Solutions for Drinking Water Supplies: Lessons from the Northeastern United States and Directions for Global Watershed Management explores critical factors in the decision-making processes for municipal water system delivery. The book offers vital insights to help inform management decisions on drinking water supply issues in other global regions in our increasingly energy- and carbon-constrained world. The study evaluates how six cities in the northeastern United States have made environmental, economic, and social decisions and adopted programs to protect and manage upland forests to produce clean drinking water throughout their long histories. New York, New York; Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts; New Haven and Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Portland, Maine have each managed city watersheds under different state regulations, planning and development incentives, biophysical constraints, social histories, and ownerships. Some of the overarching questions the book addresses relate to how managers should optimize the investments in their drinking water systems. What is the balance between the use of concrete/steel treatment plants (gray infrastructure) and forested/grassland/wetland areas (green infrastructure) to protect surface water quality? The case studies compare how engineered and/or natural systems are employed to protect water quality. The conclusions drawn establish that it makes environmental, economic, and social sense to protect and manage upland forests to produce water as a downstream service. Such stewardship is far more preferable than developing land and using engineering, technology, and artificial filtration as a solution to maintaining clean drinking water. Lessons learned from this insightful study provide effective recommendations for managers and policymakers that reflect the scientific realities of how forests and engineering can be best integrated into effective watershed management programs and under what circumstances.

Written for safety and loss-control, environmental, and quality managers, this is the first comprehensive, integrated guide to developing a complete environmental risk analysis for regulated substances and processes. Unlike other books, Introduction to Risk Analysis looks at risk from a regulatory perspective, allowing both professionals in regulatory agencies concerned with risk including OSHA, EPA, USDA, DOT, FDA, and state environmental agencies and professionals in any agency-regulated industry to understand and implement the methods required for proper risk assessment. The authors examine risk and the structure of analysis. Emphasizing the predictive nature of risk, they discuss the quantitative nature of risk and explore quantitative-analysis topics, including data graphing, logarithmic thinking, risk estimating, and curve fitting. Chapters include discussions on functions, models, and uncertainties; the regulatory process; risk assessment; exposure; dosimetry; epidemiology; toxicology; risk characterization; comparative risk assessment; ecological risk assessment; risk management; and risk communication. Six in-depth case studies, an annotated bibliography, and more than 50 figures are also included."

This all-inclusive guide to building and renovating schools covers every step of the process - from initial planning, needs assessment and design, right through moving into the new facility. An essential resource for anyone concerned with new school construction or renovation, including architects and engineers, contractors and project managers, facility managers, school administrators and school board members, building committees, community leaders, and anyone else who wants to ensure that the project meets the schools' needs in a cost-effective, timely manner.

The contributors to this book - architects, construction project managers, contractors, and estimators who specialize in school construction - provide start-to-finish, expert guidance on the process.

FEATURES:

Includes guidance on: Planning and design Selecting a design teamGreen design standards and technologiesIntegrating computer and building automation technologySecurity equipment, design approaches and cost issuesDesign considerations for specialty spaces like performing arts centers, library/media centers, computer labs, and science and art classrooms.

This volume collects the edited and reviewed contribution presented in the 9th iTi Conference that took place virtually, covering fundamental and applied aspects in turbulence. In the spirit of the iTi conference, the volume is produced after the conference so that the authors had the opportunity to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the meeting. In the present book, the contributions have been structured according to the topics: I Experiments II Simulations and Modelling III Data Processing and Scaling IV Theory V Miscellaneous topics

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. A definitive guide to open channel hydraulics fully updated for the latest tools and methods This thoroughly revised resource offers focused coverage of some of the most common problems encountered by practicing hydraulic engineers and includes the latest research and computing advances. Based on a course taught by the author for nearly 40 years, Open Channel Hydraulics, Third Edition features clear explanations of floodplain mapping, flood routing, bridge hydraulics, culvert design, stormwater system design, stream restoration, and much more. Throughout, special emphasis is placed on the application of basic fluid mechanics principles to the formulation of open channel flow problems. Coverage includes: Basic principles Specific energy Momentum Uniform flow Gradually varied flow Hydraulic structures Governing unsteady flow equations and numerical solutions Simplified methods of flow routing Flow in alluvial channels Three-dimensional CFD modeling for open channel flows

Geology - Basics for Engineers (second edition) presents the physical and chemical characteristics of the Earth, the nature and the properties of rocks and unconsolidated deposits/sediments, the action of water, how the Earth is transformed by various phenomena at different scales of time and space. The book shows the engineer how to take geological conditions into account in their projects, and how to exploit a wide range of natural resources in an intelligent way, reduce geological hazards, and manage subsurface pollution. This second edition has been fully revised and updated. Through a problem-based learning approach, this instructional text imparts knowledge and practical experience to engineering students (undergraduate and graduate level), as well as to experts in the fields of civil engineering, environmental engineering, earth sciences, architecture, land and urban planning. Free digital supplements to the book, found on the book page, contain solutions to the problems and animations that show additional facets of the living Earth. The original French edition of the book (2007) won the prestigious Roberval Prize, an international contest organized by the University of Technology of Compiegne in collaboration with the General Council of Oise, France. Geology, Basics for Engineers was selected out of a total of 110 candidates. The jury praised the book as a "very well conceived teaching textbook" and underscored its highly didactic nature, as well as the excellent quality of its illustrations. Features: Offers an exhaustive outline of the methods and techniques used in geology, with a study of the nature and properties of the principal soils and rocks Helps students understand how geological conditions should be taken into account by the engineer by taking a problem-solving approach Contains extensive figures and examples, solutions to probems, and illustrative animations Presents a highly didactic and synthetic work intended for engineering students as well as experts in civil engineering, environmental engineering, the earth sciences, and architecture

Tunnel engineering is one of the oldest, most interesting but also challenging engineering disciplines and demands not only theoretical knowledge but also practical experience in geology, geomechanics, structural design, concrete construction, machine technology, construction process technology and construction management. The two-volume "Handbuch des Tunnel- und Stollenbaus" has been the standard reference work for German-speaking tunnellers in theory and practice for 30 years. The new English edition is based on a revised and adapted version of the third German edition and reflects the latest state of knowledge. The book is published in two volumes, with the second volume covering both theoretical themes like design basics, geological engineering, structural design of tunnels and monitoring instrumentation, and also the practical side of work on the construction site such as dewatering, waterproofing and scheduling as well as questions of tendering, award and contracts, data management and process controlling. As with volume I, all chapters include practical examples.

This is a clear, comprehensive, full-color introduction and reference for students and professionals who are creating engineering drawings and graphics with CAD software or by hand. It provides excellent technical detail and motivating real-world examples, illuminating theory with a colorful, highly-visual format complemented with concise text. Designed for busy, visually-oriented learners, this guide expands on well-tested material, fully updated for the latest ASME standards, materials, industries and production processes. Its up-to-date examples range from mechanical, plastic, and sheet metal drawings to modern techniques for civil engineering, architecture, and rapid prototyping. Throughout, clear, easy, step-by-step descriptions teach essential sketching and visualization techniques, including the use of 3D and 2D CAD. All color visuals are tightly integrated with text to promote rapid mastery. Colorful models and animations on a companion website bring the material to life, and hands-on projects and tear-out worksheets make this guide ideal both for learning and for ongoing reference.

Geology - Basics for Engineers (second edition) presents the physical and chemical characteristics of the Earth, the nature and the properties of rocks and unconsolidated deposits/sediments, the action of water, how the Earth is transformed by various phenomena at different scales of time and space. The book shows the engineer how to take geological conditions into account in their projects, and how to exploit a wide range of natural resources in an intelligent way, reduce geological hazards, and manage subsurface pollution. This second edition has been fully revised and updated. Through a problem-based learning approach, this instructional text imparts knowledge and practical experience to engineering students (undergraduate and graduate level), as well as to experts in the fields of civil engineering, environmental engineering, earth sciences, architecture, land and urban planning. Free digital supplements to the book, found on the book page, contain solutions to the problems and animations that show additional facets of the living Earth. The original French edition of the book (2007) won the prestigious Roberval Prize, an international contest organized by the University of Technology of Compiegne in collaboration with the General Council of Oise, France. Geology, Basics for Engineers was selected out of a total of 110 candidates. The jury praised the book as a "very well conceived teaching textbook" and underscored its highly didactic nature, as well as the excellent quality of its illustrations. Features: Offers an exhaustive outline of the methods and techniques used in geology, with a study of the nature and properties of the principal soils and rocks Helps students understand how geological conditions should be taken into account by the engineer by taking a problem-solving approach Contains extensive figures and examples, solutions to probems, and illustrative animations Presents a highly didactic and synthetic work intended for engineering students as well as experts in civil engineering, environmental engineering, the earth sciences, and architecture

Artificial Neural Network-based Optimized Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures introduces AI-based Lagrange optimization techniques that can enable more rational engineering decisions for concrete structures while conforming to codes of practice. It shows how objective functions including cost, CO2 emissions, and structural weight of concrete structures are optimized either separately or simultaneously while satisfying constraining design conditions using an ANN-based Lagrange algorithm. Any design target can be adopted as an objective function. Many optimized design examples are verified by both conventional structural calculations and big datasets. Uniquely applies the new powerful tools of AI to concrete structural design and optimization Multi-objective functions of concrete structures optimized either separately or simultaneously Design requirements imposed by codes are automatically satisfied by constraining conditions Heavily illustrated in color with practical design examples The book suits undergraduate and graduate students who have an understanding of collegelevel calculus and will be especially beneficial to engineers and contractors who seek to optimize concrete structures.

This book discusses the impact of climate change, land use and land cover, and socio-economic dynamics on landslides in Asian countries. Scholars recently have brought about a shift in their focus regarding triggering factors for landslides, from rainfall or earthquake to claiming rapid urbanization, extreme population pressure, improper land use planning, illegal hill cutting for settlements and indiscriminate deforestation. This suggests that the occurrence or probabilities of landslides are shaped by both climate-related and non-climate-related anthropogenic factors. Among these issues, land use and land cover change or improper land use planning is one of the key factors. Further climate change shapes the rainfall pattern and intensity in different parts of the world, and consequently rainfall-triggered landslides have increased. These changes cause socio-economic changes. Conversely, socio-economic and lifestyle changes enhance inappropriate land use and climate change. All these changes in land use, climate and socio-economic aspects are dynamics in nature and shape landslide risks in Asian countries, where they are given serious attention by governments, disaster management professionals, researchers and academicians. This book comprises 21 chapters divided into three major sections highlighting the effect of climate change on landslide incidence with the influence on vegetation and socio-economic aspects. The sections address how climate change and extreme events have triggered landslides. The advances in geospatial techniques with the focus on land use and land cover change along with the effect on socio-economic aspects are also explored.

New Edition Now Covers Thin Plates, Plastic Deformation, Dynamics and Vibration Structural and stress analysis is a core topic in a range of engineering disciplines - from structural engineering through to mechanical and aeronautical engineering and materials science. Structural and Stress Analysis: Theories, Tutorials and Examples, Second Edition provides and supports a conceptual understanding of the theories and formulae, and focuses on the basic principles rather than on the formulae and the solution procedures. It emphasizes problem solving through a structured series of tutorials and problems which build up students' understanding and encourage both numerical and conceptual approaches. It stands apart from other texts which set out rigorous mathematic derivations of formulae followed by worked examples and questions for practice. Students need to be capable of not only solving a structural problem using formulas, but also of understanding their solutions in practical and physical terms. Notwithstanding, the book covers a good range of topics: tension and compression; shear; torsion; bending, properties of cross-sections; shear force and bending moment diagrams; stresses in beams; deflection of beams; complex stresses and theories of elastic failure; energy methods; statically indeterminate systems; and structural instability. The new edition includes more topics, such as plastic deformation, dynamics and introduction to the thin plate theory, which are essential when students start their design courses. Structural and Stress Analysis: Theories, Tutorials and Examples, Second Edition not only suits undergraduates but is useful for professional engineers who want to get a good grasp of the basic concepts of stress analysis.

Through its inclusion of specific applications, The Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, Second Edition continues to provide a bridge between the theory and applications of elasticity. It presents classical as well as more recent results, including those obtained by the authors and their colleagues. Revised and improved, this edition incorporates additional examples and the latest research results. New to the Second Edition Exposition of the application of Laplace transforms, the Dirac delta function, and the Heaviside function Presentation of the Cherkaev, Lurie, and Milton (CLM) stress invariance theorem that is widely used to determine the effective moduli of elastic composites The Cauchy relations in elasticity A body force analogy for the transient thermal stresses A three-part table of Laplace transforms An appendix that explores recent developments in thermoelasticity Although emphasis is placed on the problems of elastodynamics and thermoelastodynamics, the text also covers elastostatics and thermoelastostatics. It discusses the fundamentals of linear elasticity and applications, including kinematics, motion and equilibrium, constitutive relations, formulation of problems, and variational principles. It also explains how to solve various boundary value problems of one, two, and three dimensions. This professional reference includes access to a solutions manual for those wishing to adopt the book for instructional purposes.

Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction contains the papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction (AM3P, Doha, Qatar, 16- 18 April 2018). There has been an increasing emphasis internationally in the design and construction of sustainable pavement systems. Advances in Materials and Pavement Prediction reflects this development highlighting various approaches to predict pavement performance. The contributions discuss links and interactions between material characterization methods, empirical predictions, mechanistic modeling, and statistically-sound calibration and validation methods. There is also emphasis on comparisons between modeling results and observed performance. The topics of the book include (but are not limited to): * Experimental laboratory material characterization * Field measurements and in situ material characterization * Constitutive modeling and simulation * Innovative pavement materials and interface systems * Non-destructive measurement techniques * Surface characterization, tire-surface interaction, pavement noise * Pavement rehabilitation * Case studies Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction will be of interest to academics and engineers involved in pavement engineering.

'Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering' is a comprehensive textbook on the relevant principles and practice. It includes sections on transport policy and planning, traffic surveys and accident investigation, road design for capacity and safety, and traffic management. Clearly written and illustrated, the book is ideal reading for students of transport, transport planning, traffic engineering and road design. This new book, written by senior academics in the field of transport, is a worthy successor to the widely acclaimed first volume of O'Flaherty's Highways. The content has been expanded and thoroughly updated to reflect the many changes that have taken place in this topical area.

Covers all the technical aspects of utilization of agricultural and kitchen waste Discusses the quality characteristics of value-added products Provides overview of different options for processing of organic wastes Includes production of acids and enzymes from agriculture/kitchen wastes Reviews effects of kitchen/agricultural waste on environment and its role in pollution control

This book introduces fundamentals, measurements, and applications of rheology of fresh cement-based materials. The rheology of a fresh cement-based material is one of its most important aspects, characterizing its flow and deformation, and governing the mixing, placement, and casting quality of a concrete. This is the first book to bring the field together on an increasingly important topic, as new types of cement-based materials and new concrete technologies are developed. It describes measurement equipment, procedures, and data interpretation of the rheology of cement paste and concrete, as well as applications such as self-compacting concrete, pumping, and 3D printing. A range of other cement-based materials such as fiber-reinforced concrete, cemented paste backfills, and alkali-activated cement are also examined. Rheology of Fresh Cement-Based Materials serves as a reference book for researchers and engineers, and a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.