First published in 1996. One of the primary goals of this series has been to explore new areas of criminology and criminal justice, topics that constitute the frontiers of the field. This work, edited by Sally Edwards, Terry Edwards and Charles Fields exemplifies that purpose in its coverage of environmental crime. While corporate and political crime developed slowly into mainstream criminology over the last half century, environmental crime, as an area of emphasis is still in its infancy. It is unusual to have many varied and informative perspectives early in a subject's development. This volume, however, demonstrates that many people are already examining environmental crime perhaps as an extension of both the greater environmental movement and the broadening of the popular parameters of crime.

The past few years have seen the emergence of a growing, widespread desire in this country, and indeed everywhere, that positive actions be taken to restore the quality of our environment, and to protect it from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution-air, noise, solid waste, and water. Since pollution is a direct or" indirect consequence of waste, if there is no waste, there can be no pollution, and the seemingly idealistic demand for" zero discharge" can be construed as a demand for zero waste. However, as long as there is waste, we can only attempt to abate the consequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. In those instances in which a particular type of pollution has been recognized, three major questions usually arise: 1, How serious is the pollution? 2, Is the technology to abate it available? and 3, Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? The principal intention of this series of books is to help the reader to formulate answers to the last two of the above three questions. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution problems has been a major factor contributing to the success of environmental engineering, and in large measure has accounted for the establishing of a "methodology of pollution control.

Supplementary cementing materials and other mineral admixtures are being used in increasing amounts in both cement and concrete. Their main technical benefits are that they enhance the workability of fresh concrete and the durability of hardened concrete. Indeed, they affect almost every property of the concrete. Their economic and ecological benefits may be just as significant, and their use can be expected to increase as concrete remains the most common construction material. Cement and Concrete Mineral Admixtures concentrates mostly on natural pozzolans, fly ashes, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume and limestone powder, namely the most commonly used mineral admixtures. Others such as metakaolin, rice husk ash, expanded clays and shales are also discussed. Their chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties are outlined. The influence of mineral admixtures on the hydration of cementitious systems, and the properties of fresh and hardened concrete in which they are used are emphasized. International standards are reviewed. The basics of concrete mix proportioning with mineral admixtures are outlined. The possibilities of using mineral admixtures as constituents of special concretes such as self-compacting, reactive powder, roller-compacted concretes and special non-portland, low-cost, low-energy and/or low-CO2 cements such as alinite, calcium sulfoaluminate, and belitic cements and alkali-activated binders are also covered.The book is a comprehensive reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the fields of cement and concrete, and for cement and concrete practitioners.

Added Value in Design and Construction takes a holistic, student-centred approach to offering public and private sector clients the ultimate reward; doing more for less. The Latham Report was a call to action and this book provides students of construction with the theoretical and practical knowledge to deliver the recommendations of the report. It describes the principles and techniques crucial to adding value and reducing costs in design and construction in the twenty first century. This book examines in detail a wide range of strategies that can be applied during the design and construction process to add value and bring the best interests of the client sharply into focus.

This book treats the subject of porous flow and its applications in three engineering and scientific problems. The first major part of the book is devoted to solute transport in unsaturated porous media. Dynamic hydraulic conductivity and degree of saturation associate with pore pressures are also included in the consolidation-induced solute transport process. The second part of this book focuses on tidal dynamics in coastal aquifers, including shallow water expansion for sloping beaches, two-dimensional problem in estuarine zone and leaky confined aquifers. The final part of the book summarizes the recent development of porous model in the field of liquefaction around marine infrastructures including fundamental mechanisms of momentary and residual seabed liquefaction, two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous models for fluid-seabed interactions around breakwaters, pipelines and piled foundations in marine environments. The authors' aim is to describe in detail the applications of porous models for several engineering problems. This book will provide academic researchers and industry an overview of recent development in the field of porous models and the applications. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Funded by Qingdao University Technology, China

[A] fascinating volume, which establishes marine environmental history as a major new discipline for academics as well as an exciting way to bring history and the natural world alive for the public. ANDREW A. ROSENBERG, UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE The HMAP project is to be congratulated on this book, which presents vivid, evidence-based reconstructions of historical fisheries and the prolific ecosystems in which they were embedded. TONY J. PITCHER, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA The ingenuity and scholarship of the authors allow us to see ... how human societies have depended on and influenced marine living resources from periwinkles to whales. MIKE SINCLAIR, BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY This book exalts the surprisingly fruitful marriage of historians and marine scientists - a union that has proven to be one of the most exciting developments in ocean research in recent years. KATHERINE RICHARDSON, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN For centuries the seas appeared to offer limitless supplies of food and other resources, their waters a cornucopia never to be exhausted. In more recent times, episodes such as the extreme exploitation and subsequent collapse of cod populations of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland have highlighted the fallaciousness of this view. Yet all too often the lessons from our historical interactions with marine animals are little known, let alone learned. Based on research for the History of Marine Animal Populations project, Oceans Past examines the complex relationship our forebears had with the sea and the animals that inhabit it. It presents eleven studies ranging from fisheries and invasive species to offshore technology and the study of marine environmental history, bringing together the perspectives of historians and marine scientists to enhance understanding of ocean management of the past, present and future. In doing so, it also highlights the influence that changes in marine ecosystems have upon the politics, welfare and culture of human societies.

Built environment students are not always familiar with the range of different research approaches they could be using for their projects. Whether you are undertaking a postgraduate doctoral programme or facing an undergraduate or masters dissertation, this book provides general advice, as well as 13 detailed case studies from 16 universities in 7 countries, to help you get to grips with quantitative and qualitative methods, mixed methods of data collection, action research, and more.

Cost management of all building projects has become increasingly important as clients in the public and private sector demand the highest quality cost planning services with accurate budgeting and cost control. All members of the design team must integrate their activities to ensure that a high quality project is delivered on time and within budget. This book considers building cost planning and cost control from the client and the design team's perspective, where all decisions whether concerned with design, cost, quality, time, value or sustainability are taken as being interrelated. The latest Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work and the New Rules of Measurement for Early Stage Estimating and Cost Planning issued by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) have been incorporated into this new text. The book follows the building design cost planning process from the crucial inception stages and then through all the design stages to the completion of the technical design, contract documentation and the tender. It provides a template for good cost planning practice. An essential addition to this third edition is the introduction of integrated design and documentation processes captured in building Information modelling (BIM), on-line cost databases and computerised methods of cost planning. The integrated approaches are explained and provide vital information and knowledge for practitioners involved in building projects. All stakeholders involved in development and design and client teams in public and private sector policy making and implementation need to understand the new approaches to design management processes and how cost planning and design approaches are adapting to using the new technology in practice. The interactive style, using in-text and review questions makes this ideal for students and practitioners alike in property, architecture, construction economics, construction management, real estate, engineering, facilities management and project management.

The police rely heavily on paid and unpaid informers: without them clear-up rates would plummet, and many crimes would remain undetected. Yet little is known about the informer system and how it works, for example: who are these informers? how are they recruited? how are they handled? who handles them? what sort of information do they provide? Recent high profile cases have drawn attention to the use of informers, there has been a growing debate about the subject, and many feel that stricter controls are needed - but how is this to be achieved without undermining the effectiveness of the system? This is the first book of its kind on informers in Britain, providing an invaluable source of information and analysis from key authorities in the field.

Quadratic programming is a mathematical technique that allows for the optimization of a quadratic function in several variables. QP is a subset of Operations Research and is the next higher lever of sophistication than Linear Programming. It is a key mathematical tool in Portfolio Optimization and structural plasticity. This is useful in Civil Engineering as well as Statistics.

Frontiers of Civil Engineering and Disaster Prevention and Control is a compilation of selected papers from The 3rd International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Disaster Prevention and Control (CADPC 2022) and focuses on the research of architecture and disaster prevention in civil engineering. The proceedings features the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to construction technology and prevention and control of disaster. Subjects in this proceedings include: Construction Technology Seismicity in Civil Engineering High-Rise Building Construction Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction Smart Post-Disaster Rescue These proceedings will promote development of civil engineering and risk reduction, resource sharing, flexibility and high efficiency. Moreover, promote scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world.

Rapid urbanization has created an unprecedented pressure on the use of land in cities around the world, resulting in physical and legal complexities. This book explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The main focus is to adopt a BIM-based paradigm for enhancing communication and management of complex ownership rights in multi-story buildings, which are prevalent in urban built environments. This book first elaborates on a range of data elements required for managing legal information in current land administration practices pertaining to subdivision of legal interests within multi-story building developments. It then explains how an open data model in the BIM domain - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) - can be extended with legal data elements to lay the foundation for adopting BIM in urban land administration. The book also highlights benefits and barriers of implementing BIM-enabled urban land administration. Features Explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment of BIM. Highlights the existing challenges associated with current practice of urban land administration for multi-story buildings. Introduces the potential of 3D digital environment of BIM for the purpose of mapping and registering legal interests. Describes how BIM-based data models can be extended for recording, managing, and representing legal ownership of properties over a building's lifecycle. Includes models of multi-story buildings as case studies to demonstrate the feasibility of extended BIM-based data models.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Up-to-date, plain-language explanations of legal issues affecting today's engineers Law for Professional Engineers: Canadian and Global Insights, Fifth Edition is a general reference text for engineers and for candidates preparing for engineering law exams, as well as for owners, consultants, project managers, and other participants engaged in engineering projects. It features concise, easy-to-understand explanations of many complex legal issues that impact engineers. Continuing the author's objective to demystify the laws of relevance to engineers, the book touches on a broad range of topics including contracts, professional negligence, international and Canadian dispute resolution alternatives, global issues, limitation periods, business law, employment law, and intellectual property issues. Selected case law examples demonstrate real-world applications of relevant legal principles. Key updates in the Fifth Edition include: * New case law from Canada's Supreme Court relating to honesty and good faith in contracting* New case law from Canada's Supreme Court that addresses the importance of freedom to contract and limiting potential liability by contract* An update on Ontario's new Construction Act* An important chapter on the civil law of Quebec

Artificial Neural Network-based Optimized Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures introduces AI-based Lagrange optimization techniques that can enable more rational engineering decisions for concrete structures while conforming to codes of practice. It shows how objective functions including cost, CO2 emissions, and structural weight of concrete structures are optimized either separately or simultaneously while satisfying constraining design conditions using an ANN-based Lagrange algorithm. Any design target can be adopted as an objective function. Many optimized design examples are verified by both conventional structural calculations and big datasets. Uniquely applies the new powerful tools of AI to concrete structural design and optimization Multi-objective functions of concrete structures optimized either separately or simultaneously Design requirements imposed by codes are automatically satisfied by constraining conditions Heavily illustrated in color with practical design examples The book suits undergraduate and graduate students who have an understanding of collegelevel calculus and will be especially beneficial to engineers and contractors who seek to optimize concrete structures.

This book covers the main mining issues where geostatistics, a discipline founded in the 1960s to study regionalized variables measured at a limited number of points in space, is expected to play a role. Each chapter of the book is associated with a stage of the mining sequence, including the interpretation and geological modeling of mineral deposits, evaluation of in-situ and recoverable resources, long-term mine planning, short-term planning and ore control, geotechnics, geometallurgy and sampling. This work, featuring more than 150 illustrations, avoids the traditional laborious and crippling theoretical treatment of geostatistics and is systematically oriented toward a practical exhibition of the problems and proposed solutions. The writing is fluid and intended to involve the reader. The book is the fruit of more than 35 cumulative years of applied research by the authors, a professor at the University of Chile and a researcher at Mines ParisTech, carried out in collaboration with the Chilean company Codelco since the late 1990s. Despite focusing on copper porphyry deposits, the generalization of the methods presented to the entire mining industry is straightforward. The broad range of problems addressed, including generally neglected disciplines such as geotechnics, geometallurgy and sampling, and their practical presentation make this book unique and usable by a very wide audience - students, researchers, geologists, engineers, geotechnicians and metallurgists.

Covers all the technical aspects of utilization of agricultural and kitchen waste Discusses the quality characteristics of value-added products Provides overview of different options for processing of organic wastes Includes production of acids and enzymes from agriculture/kitchen wastes Reviews effects of kitchen/agricultural waste on environment and its role in pollution control

Presents technical perspectives on emerging wastes in developing economies. Discusses the issues of e-waste which is growing three times faster than general municipal waste globally. Covers the spectrum of nanowaste to upcycling in the market. Discusses management of marine plastic debris and microplastics. Diverse audience including those in solid waste management, electrical and electronic technology, and the medical industry

This book is about the principal concept of soil mechanics that become the basis in explaining the soil mechanical behaviours. It is the extended concept of effective stress of Terzaghi and it is known as "the concept of effective stress and shear strength interaction." This new concept incorporates the role of mobilised shear strength developed within the soil body in resisting the compressive effect. Based on this new concept a comprehensive soil volume change framework has been developed known as Rotational Multiple Yield Surface Framework (RMYSF). This RMYSF is able to explain and quantify the puzzled and complex soil volume change behaviours. The main advantage of this RMYSF is that it is able to make a good prediction of soil and rock stress-strain responses at any effective stress. This will lead to accurate prediction of soil and rock settlements. Due to its simplicity and the comprehensive nature of this new fundamental concept in soil and rock mechanics, it will eventually be included in soil and rock mechanics syllabus for undergraduate and postgraduate courses. This book would be very useful for geotechnical engineers dealing with soil settlement, underground excavation, computer modelling, rock mechanics, road engineering, earth and rock dam engineering and tunnel engineering.

This book provides a simple, easily followed process for auditing building operations to identify and reduce energy consumption that leads to measurable carbon reduction. The crucial steps of this process involve assessing the facility's current conditions, understanding, and analyzing the operational and cost-based opportunities that increase carbon output. Taking this information to report the findings and then document a multiyear energy and carbon reduction plan. The book discusses the full scope of building components and systems, including how each system affects energy efficiency. It describes the operational energy efficiencies that are gained by implementing no-cost changes or alternative maintenance activities already funded. The book includes the process for identifying capital improvement opportunities, along with evaluating return on investment and life cycle replacement options for equipment. The four-step process described in this book will serve as a valuable tool for every building operator seeking to improve energy performance and reduce carbon output.

This book introduces fundamentals, measurements, and applications of rheology of fresh cement-based materials. The rheology of a fresh cement-based material is one of its most important aspects, characterizing its flow and deformation, and governing the mixing, placement, and casting quality of a concrete. This is the first book to bring the field together on an increasingly important topic, as new types of cement-based materials and new concrete technologies are developed. It describes measurement equipment, procedures, and data interpretation of the rheology of cement paste and concrete, as well as applications such as self-compacting concrete, pumping, and 3D printing. A range of other cement-based materials such as fiber-reinforced concrete, cemented paste backfills, and alkali-activated cement are also examined. Rheology of Fresh Cement-Based Materials serves as a reference book for researchers and engineers, and a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

The greatest challenge facing humanity today is the transition to a more sustainable energy infrastructure while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Meeting this challenge will require a diversified array of solutions spanning across multiple industries. One of the solutions rising to the fore is the potential to rapidly build out carbon sequestration, which involves the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and its storage in the subsurface. Integrated Aquifer Characterization and Modeling for Energy Sustainability: Key Lessons from the Petroleum Industry provides a comprehensive and practical technical guide into the potential that aquifers hold as sites for carbon and energy storage. Aquifers occupy a significant part of the Earth's available volume in the subsurface and thus hold immense potential as sites for carbon storage. Many aquifers have been studied extensively as part of oil and gas energy development projects and, as such, they represent an opportunity to sequester carbon within existing areas of infrastructure that have already been impacted by, and integrated into, an inherited energy framework. Moreover, future efforts to reconfigure the landscape of our national and global energy systems can extract valuable lessons from this existing trove of data and expertise. From a multidisciplinary perspective, this book provides a valuable and up-to-date overview of how we can draw on the wealth of existing technologies and data deployed by the petroleum industry in the transition to a more sustainable future. Integrated Aquifer Characterization and Modeling for Energy Sustainability will be of value to academic, professional and business audiences who wish to evaluate the potential underground storage of carbon and/or energy, and for policy makers in developing the right policy tools to further the goals of a sustainable energy transition.

Since the thirteenth century, quay walls of significant retaining height have been built in the Netherlands in urban environments. Over time, structural revisions were often carried out due to excessive deformations or the use of increasingly larger and deeper vessels. These historic quay walls were seldom designed for the current functional requirements they are subjected to. These mostly older quay walls require more maintenance and revisions to secure a certain degree of safety. In some cases they need to be demolished and completely rebuilt. Urban Quay Walls offers safety protocols and a clear approach on how to inspect, design and maintain urban quay walls. The book offers: - an insight on the development of urban quay walls; - a description of the main forms (as used in The Netherlands); - quicksteps for the inspection of existing quay walls. Urban Quay Walls presents a proposal for a uniform and standardised method to verify the actual state of current quay walls in urban environments. This handbook presents an overview of the development of urban quay walls over the course of time and describes the main types in use in the Netherlands. Subsequently, a method is presented for deciding whether or not a historic quay wall needs to be renovated, renewed or maintained.

The design of structures in general, and prestressed concrete structures in particular, requires considerably more information than is contained in building codes. A sound understanding of structural behaviour at all stages of loading is essential. This textbook presents a detailed description and explanation of the behaviour of prestressed concrete members and structures, both at service loads and at ultimate loads, and in doing so, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to structural design. Much of the text is based on first principles and relies only on the principles of mechanics and the properties of concrete and steel, with numerous worked examples. However, where the design requirements are code specific, this book refers to the provisions of the Australian Standard for Concrete Structures (AS3600-2009) and, where possible, the notation is the same as in AS3600-2009. A parallel volume is written to Eurocode 2, the European Standard for the Design of Concrete Structures. The text runs from an introduction to the fundamentals to in-depth treatments of more advanced topics in modern prestressed concrete structures. It suits senior undergraduate and graduate students, and also practising engineers who want a comprehensive guide to the design of prestressed concrete structures. It retains the clear and concise explanations and the easy-to-read style of the first edition, but the content has been extensively reorganised and considerably expanded and updated. New chapters cover design procedures, actions, and loads; prestressing systems and construction requirements; and connections and detailing. The topic of serviceability is developed extensively throughout. The authors have been researching and teaching the behaviour and design of prestressed concrete structures for more than 35 years, and this updated edition of the book reflects this wealth of experience. The work has also gained much from Ian Gilbert's active and long-time involvement in the development of the Australian Standards for Concrete Structures (AS3600-2009) and Concrete Bridges (AS5100.5-2012).

This holistic book covers the richest area in North East India in terms of both explored and foreseen reserves of fossil fuels and other natural resources. Using a multidisciplinary approach, GIS, and geospatial data gathered from different case studies included, this book helps readers develop a thorough understanding of a highly dynamic big river, the Brahmaputra, and use it as a comprehensive resource for further understanding the science of rivers. It discusses the causal factors of decadal-scale fluvial dynamics, the nature of fluvial dynamics, lateral variability of the older flood plains and neotectonics in the shallow subsurface, and the overall trend of basin evolution at different depths.

Risk is related to the magnitude and uncertainty of an output (consequence or outcome); outputs take on different identities in different disciplines and situations. Risk is peculiar to each stakeholder and the measurement scale for risk depends on the stakeholder's value system. Risk management provides a way of addressing the issues associated with the magnitude and uncertainty of outputs. This book provides a distinctively rational treatment of risk and risk management, based on a systems approach. The book's treatment applies to all disciplines and sets out the principles of risk and risk management as well as looking at a range of applications and more specialist tools and approaches. The book: Develops a risk framework through a systems approach Offers a challenging and fresh approach for infrastructure engineering, construction and project management in general The book will suit students and practitioners alike.