This book is intended to be a working reference for electronic hardware de signers who are interested in writing VHDL models. A handbook/cookbook approach is taken, with many complete examples used to illustrate the fea tures of the VHDL language and to provide insight into how particular classes of hardware devices can be modelled in VHDL. It is possible to use these models directly or to adapt them to similar problems with minimal effort. This book is not intended to be a complete reference manual for the VHDL language. It is possible to begin writing VHDL models with little background in VHDL by copying examples from the book and adapting them to particular problems. Some exposure to the VHDL language prior to using this book is recommended. The reader is assumed to have a solid hardware design background, preferably with some simulation experience. For the reader who is interested in getting a complete overview of the VHDL language, the following publications are recommended reading: * An Introduction to VHDL: Hardware Description and Design [LIP89] * IEEE Standard VHDL Language Reference Manual [IEEE87] * Chip-Level Behavioral Modelling [ARMS88] * Multi-Level Simulation of VLSI Systems [COEL87] Other references of interest are [USG88], [DOD88] and [CLSI87] Use of the Book If the reader is familiar with VHDL, the models described in chapters 3 through 7 can be applied directly to design problems.

The application of fuzzy technology is widely known as a technological revolution. Shortly after it appeared, its value has rapidly become appreciated. It is absolutely indispensable for introducing the latest developments not only domestically but also internationally. This book is arranged to introduce easy to understand explanations mainly centered on concrete applications. It consists of twelve chapters in total which are all independently readable and provide different approaches on various projects. The minimum of Fuzzy Theory that is needed to understand its practical applications is given in Chapter 1. Chapters 2 to 5 discuss hardware, including chips, and software tools used in constructing system. Chapters 6 to 12 cover a series of practical applications. These in clude applications for industrial processes and plants, transportation systems, which were among the first applications, and applications for consumer products such as household electrical appliances. These elements together finally produced the worldwide "Fuzzy Boom." This book can be read by a wide variety of people, from undergraduate and graduate students in universities to practical engineers and project managers working in plants. The information contained in this book is a first step to this field of interest.

System-on-Chip Methodologies & Design Languages brings together a selection of the best papers from three international electronic design language conferences in 2000. The conferences are the Hardware Description Language Conference and Exhibition (HDLCon), held in the Silicon Valley area of USA; the Forum on Design Languages (FDL), held in Europe; and the Asia Pacific Chip Design Language (APChDL) Conference. The papers cover a range of topics, including design methods, specification and modeling languages, tool issues, formal verification, simulation and synthesis. The results presented in these papers will help researchers and practicing engineers keep abreast of developments in this rapidly evolving field.

Today more than 90% of all programmable processors are employed in embedded systems. This number is actually not surprising, contemplating that in a typical home you might find one or two PCs equipped with high-performance standard processors, and probably dozens of embedded systems, including electronic entertainment, household, and telecom devices, each of them equipped with one or more embedded processors. The question arises why programmable processors are so popular in embedded system design. The answer lies in the fact that they help to narrow the gap between chip capacity and designer productivity. Embedded processors cores are nothing but one step further towards improved design reuse, just along the lines of standard cells in logic synthesis and macrocells in RTL synthesis in earlier times of IC design. Additionally, programmable processors permit to migrate functionality from hardware to software, resulting in an even improved reuse factor as well as greatly increased flexibility.

The LISA processor design platform (LPDP) presented in Architecture Exploration for Embedded Processors with LISA addresses recent design challenges and results in highly satisfactory solutions. The LPDP covers all major high-level phases of embedded processor design and is capable of automatically generating almost all required software development tools from processor models in the LISA language. It supports a profiling-based, stepwise refinement of processor models down to cycle-accurate and even RTL synthesis models. Moreover, it elegantly avoids model inconsistencies otherwise omnipresent in traditional design flows.

The next step in design reuse is already in sight: SoC platforms, i.e., partially pre-designed multi-processor templates that can be quickly tuned towards given applications thereby guaranteeing a high degree of hardware/software reuse in system-level design. Consequently, the LPDP approach goes even beyond processor architecture design. The LPDP solution explicitly addresses SoC integration issues by offering comfortable APIs for external simulation environments as well as clever solutions for the problem of both efficient and user-friendly heterogeneous multiprocessor debugging.

Contributions on UML address the application of UML in the specification of embedded HW/SW systems. C-Based System Design embraces the modeling of operating systems, modeling with different models of computation, generation of test patterns, and experiences from case studies with SystemC. Analog and Mixed-Signal Systems covers rules for solving general modeling problems in VHDL-AMS, modeling of multi-nature systems, synthesis, and modeling of Mixed-Signal Systems with SystemC. Languages for formal methods are addressed by contributions on formal specification and refinement of hybrid, embedded and real-time stems.
Together with articles on new languages such as SystemVerilog and Software Engineering in Automotive Systems the contributions selected for this book embrace all aspects of languages and models for specification, design, modeling and verification of systems. Therefore, the book gives an excellent overview of the actual state-of-the-art and the latest research results.

Electronic Chips & Systems Design Languagesoutlines and describes the latest advances in design languages. The challenge of System on a Chip (SOC) design requires designers to work in a multi-lingual environment which is becoming increasingly difficult to master. It is therefore crucial for them to learn, almost in real time, from the experiences of their colleagues in the use of design languages and how these languages have become more advanced to cope with system design. System designers, as well as students willing to become system designers, often do not have the time to attend all scientific events where they could learn the necessary information. This book will bring them a selected digest of the best contributions and industry strength case studies. All the levels of abstraction that are relevant, from the informal user requirements down to the implementation specifications, are addressed by different contributors. The author, together with colleague authors who provide valuable additional experience, presents examples of actual industrial world applications. Furthermore the academic concepts presented in this book provide excellent theories to student readers and the concepts described are up to date and in so doing provide most suitable root information for Ph.D. postgraduates.

Formal verification has become one of the most important steps in circuit design. Since circuits can contain several million transistors, verification of such large designs becomes more and more difficult. Pure simulation cannot guarantee the correct behavior and exhaustive simulation is often impossible. However, many designs, like ALUs, have very regular structures that can be easily described at a higher level of abstraction. For example, describing (and verifying) an integer multiplier at the bit-level is very difficult, while the verification becomes easy when the outputs are grouped to build a bit-string. Recently, several approaches for formal circuit verification have been proposed that make use of these regularities. These approaches are based on Word-Level Decision Diagrams (WLDDs) which are graph-based representations of functions (similar to BDDs) that allow for the representation of functions with a Boolean range and an integer domain. Formal Verification of Circuits is devoted to the discussion of recent developments in the field of decision diagram-based formal verification. Firstly, different types of decision diagrams (including WLDDs) are introduced and theoretical properties are discussed that give further insight into the data structure. Secondly, implementation and minimization concepts are presented. Applications to arithmetic circuit verification and verification of designs specified by hardware description languages are described to show how WLDDs work in practice. Formal Verification of Circuits is intended for CAD developers and researchers as well as designers using modern verification tools. It will help people working with formal verification (in industry or academia) to keep informed about recent developments in this area.

Design automation of electronic and hybrid systems is a steadily growing field of interest and a permanent challenge for researchers in Electronics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science. System Design Automation presents some recent results in design automation of different types of electronic and mechatronic systems. It deals with various topics of design automation, ranging from high level digital system synthesis, through analogue and heterogeneous system analysis and design, up to system modeling and simulation. Design automation is treated from the aspects of its theoretical fundamentals, its basic approach and its methods and tools. Several application cases are presented in detail. The book consists of three chapters: High-Level System Synthesis (Digital Hardware/Software Systems). Here embedded systems, distributed systems and processor arrays as well as hardware-software codesign are treated. Also three special application cases are discussed in detail; Analog and Heterogeneous System Design (System Approach and Methodology). This chapter copes with the analysis and design of hybrid systems comprised of analog and digital, electronic and mechanical components; System Simulation and Evaluation (Methods and Tools). In this chapter object-oriented Modelling, analog system simulation including fault-simulation, parameter optimization and system validation are regarded. The contents of the book are based on material presented at the Workshop System Design Automation (SDA 2000) organised by the Sonderforschungsbereich 358 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at TU Dresden.

For the first time, this up-to-date text combines the main issues of the hardware description language VHDL-AMS aimed at model representation of mixed-signal circuits and systems, characterization methods and tools for the extraction of model parameters, and modelling methodologies for accurate high-level behavioural models.

This self-contained book addresses the need for analysis, characterization, estimation, and optimization of the various forms of power dissipation in the presence of process variations of nano-CMOS technologies. The authors show very large-scale integration (VLSI) researchers and engineers how to minimize the different types of power consumption of digital circuits. The material deals primarily with high-level (architectural or behavioral) energy dissipation.

The updated second edition of this book provides practical information for hardware and software engineers using the SystemVerilog language to verify electronic designs. The author explains methodology concepts for constructing testbenches that are modular and reusable. The book includes extensive coverage of the SystemVerilog 3.1a constructs such as classes, program blocks, randomization, assertions, and functional coverage. This second edition contains a new chapter that covers programs and interfaces as well as chapters with updated information on directed testbench and OOP, layered, and random testbench for an ATM switch.

Second in the series, Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design using Microcontrollers emphasizes the same philosophy of Learning by Doing and Hands on Approach with the application oriented case studies developed around the PIC16F877 and AT 89S52, today s most popular microcontrollers. Readers with an academic and theoretical understanding of embedded microcontroller systems are introduced to the practical and industry oriented Embedded System design. When kick starting a project in the laboratory a reader will be able to benefit experimenting with the ready made designs and C programs. One can also go about carving a big dream project by treating the designs and programs presented in this book as building blocks. Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design using Microcontrollers is yet another valuable addition and guides the developers to achieve shorter product development times with the use of microcontrollers in the days of increased software complexity.

Going through the text and experimenting with the programs in a laboratory will definitely empower the potential reader, having more or less programming or electronics experience, to build embedded systems using microcontrollers around the home, office, store, etc. Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design using Microcontrollers will serve as a good reference for the academic community as well as industry professionals and overcome the fear of the newbies in this field of immense global importance. "

Fully-depleted SOI CMOS Circuits and Technology for Ultralow-Power Applications addresses the problem of reducing the supply voltage of conventional circuits for ultralow-power operation and explains power-efficient MTCMOS circuit design for FD-SOI devices at a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The topics include the minimum required knowledge of the fabrication of SOI substrates; FD-SOI devices and the latest developments in device and process technologies; and ultralow-voltage circuits, such as digital circuits, analog/RF circuits, and DC-DC converters. Each ultra-low-power technique related to devices and circuits is fully explained using figures to help understanding.

Scalable Hardware Verification with Symbolic Simulation presents recent advancements in symbolic simulation-based solutions which radically improve scalability. It overviews current verification techniques, both based on logic simulation and formal verification methods, and unveils the inner workings of symbolic simulation. The core of this book focuses on new techniques that narrow the performance gap between the complexity of digital systems and the limited ability to verify them. In particular, it covers a range of solutions that exploit approximation and parametrization methods, including quasi-symbolic simulation, cycle-based symbolic simulation, and parameterizations based on disjoint-support decompositions.

In structuring this book, the author s hope was to provide interesting reading for a broad range of design automation readers. The first two chapters provide an overview of digital systems design and, in particular, verification. Chapter 3 reviews mainstream symbolic techniques in formal verification, dedicating most of its focus to symbolic simulation. The fourth chapter covers the necessary principles of parametric forms and disjoint-support decompositions. Chapters 5 and 6 focus on recent symbolic simulation techniques, and the final chapter addresses key topics needing further research.

Scalable Hardware Verification with Symbolic Simulation is for verification engineers and researchers in the design automation field.

Highlights:

• A discussion of the leading hardware verification techniques, including simulation and formal verification solutions
• Important concepts related to the underlying models and algorithms employed in the field
• The latest innovations in the area of symbolic simulation, exploiting techniques such as parametric forms and decomposition properties of Boolean functions
• Providing insights into possible new developments in the hardware verification

This advanced textbook presents an almost complete overview of techniques for hardware verification. It covers all approaches used in existing tools, such as binary and word-level decision diagrams, symbolic methods for equivalence and temporal logic model checking, and introduces the use of higher-order logic theorem proving for verifying circuit correctness. Each chapter contains an introduction and a summary as well as a section for the advanced reader, aiding an understanding of the advantages and limitations of each technique. Backed by many examples and illustrations, this text will appeal to a broad audience, from beginners in system design to experts. XXXXXXX Neuer Text This is a complete overview of existing techniques for hardware verification. It covers all approaches used in existing verification tools, such as symbolic methods for equivalence checking, temporal logic model checking, and higher-order logic theorem proving for verifying circuit correctness. The book helps readers to understand the advantages and limitations of each technique. Each chapter contains a summary as well as a section for the advanced reader.

This book is the latest contribution to the Chip Design Languages series and it consists of selected papers presented at the Forum on Specifications and Design Languages (FDL'07), in September 2007. The book represents the state-of-the-art in research and practice, and it identifies new research directions. It highlights the role of specification and modelling languages, and presents practical experiences with specification and modelling languages

Many new topologies and circuit design techniques have emerged recently to improve the performance of active inductors, but a comprehensive treatment of the theory, topology, characteristics, and design constraint of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and a detailed examination of their emerging applications in high-speed analog signal processing and data communications over wire and wireless channels, is not available. This book is an attempt to provide an in-depth examination and a systematic presentation of the operation principles and implementation details of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and a detailed examination of their emerging applications in high-speed analog signal processing and data communications over wire and wireless channels.

The content of the book is drawn from recently published research papers and are not available in a single, cohesive book. Equal emphasis is given to the theory of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and their emerging applications. Major subjects to be covered in the book include: inductive characteristics in high-speed analog signal processing and data communications, spiral inductors and transformers - modeling and limitations, a historical perspective of device synthesis, the topology, characterization, and implementation of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and the application of CMOS active inductors and transformers in high-speed analog and digital signal processing and data communications.

Model based testing is the most powerful technique for testing hardware and software systems. Models in Hardware Testing describes the use of models at all the levels of hardware testing. The relevant fault models for nanoscaled CMOS technology are introduced, and their implications on fault simulation, automatic test pattern generation, fault diagnosis, memory testing and power aware testing are discussed. Models and the corresponding algorithms are considered with respect to the most recent state of the art, and they are put into a historical context by a concluding chapter on the use of physical fault models in fault tolerance.

The Forum on Design Languages (FDL) is the European Forum to exchange experiences and learn new trends, in the application of languages and the associated design methods and tools, to design complex electronic systems. By offering several co-located workshops, this multi-faceted event gives an excellent opportunity to gain up-to-date knowledge across main aspects of such a wide field. All the workshops address as their common denominator the different application domains of system-design languages with the presentation of the latest research results and design experiences.
FDL'02 was organized as four focused workshops, Languages for Analog and Mixed-Signal system design, UML-based system specification and design, C/C++-based system design and Specification Formalisms for Proven design.

FDL served once more as the European Forum for electronic system design languages and consolidates as the main place in Europe where designers interested in design languages and their applications can meet and interchange experiences.

In this fourth book in the CHDL Series, a selection of the best papers presented in FDL'02 is published. System Specification and Design Languages contains outstanding research contributions in the four areas mentioned above. So, The Analog and Mixed-Signal system design contributions cover the new methodological approaches like AMS behavioral specification, mixed-signal modeling and simulation, AMS reuse and MEMs design using the new modeling languages such as VHDL-AMS, Verilog-AMS, Modelica and analog-mixed signal extensions to SystemC.

UML is the de-facto standard for SW development covering the early development stages of requirement analysis and system specification. The UML-based system specification and design contributions address latest results on hot-topic areas such as system profiling, performance analysis and UML application to complex, HW/SW embedded systems and SoC design.C/C++-for HW/SW systems design is entering standard industrial design flows. Selected papers cover system modeling, system verification and SW generation.

The papers from the Specification Formalisms for Proven design workshop present formal methods for system modeling and design, semantic integrity and formal languages such as ALPHA, HANDLE and B.

Applications of Specification and Design Languages for SoCs includes a selection of the best contributions to the Forum on Specification and Design Languages held in 2005 (FDL'05). Since its inception in 1998, FDL has established itself as the premier European forum to exchange experiences and learn about new trends in the application of languages and models for the specification and modeling of electronic systems.

This book provides detailed insights into recent works dealing with a large spectrum of issues in system-on-chip design, namely: assertion-based design, mapping on network-on-chip architectures, use of C/C++/SystemC design methodologies, hardware/software integration, mixing heterogeneous models of computation, analog/mixed-signal/mixed-technology system design and verification, UML/XML-based synthesis of analog and mixed-signal systems, UML to VHDL mapping, UML-based performance modeling, model transformation and formal verification, real-time system models, and Model Driven Architecture.

All chapters in Applications of Specification and Design Languages for SoCs have been carefully revised and extended to offer up-to-date information. They also constitute excellent seeds for further researches and developments in the field of heterogeneous systems-on-chip design.

The papers in this book show the tremendous potential of emerging computing paradigms such as genetic algorithms, evolutionary computing, and neural networks for solving problems of engineering design.

Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design - A Systems Perspective addresses the need for an introductory text on asynchronous circuit design. Part I is an 8-chapter tutorial which addresses the most important issues for the beginner, including how to think about asynchronous systems. Part II is a 4-chapter introduction to Balsa, a freely-available synthesis system for asynchronous circuits which will enable the reader to get hands-on experience of designing high-level asynchronous systems. Part III offers a number of examples of state-of-the-art asynchronous systems to illustrate what can be built using asynchronous techniques. The examples range from a complete commercial smart card chip to complex microprocessors. The objective in writing this book has been to enable industrial designers with a background in conventional (clocked) design to be able to understand asynchronous design sufficiently to assess what it has to offer and whether it might be advantageous in their next design task.

Verification is increasingly complex, and SystemVerilog is one of the languages that the verification community is turning to. However, no language by itself can guarantee success without proper techniques. Object-oriented programming (OOP), with its focus on managing complexity, is ideally suited to this task.

With this handbook-the first to focus on applying OOP to SystemVerilog-we'll show how to manage complexity by using layers of abstraction and base classes. By adapting these techniques, you will write more "reasonable" code, and build efficient and reusable verification components.

Both a learning tool and a reference, this handbook contains hundreds of real-world code snippets and three professional verification-system examples. You can copy and paste from these examples, which are all based on an open-source, vendor-neutral framework (with code freely available at www.trusster.com).

Learn about OOP techniques such as these:

• Creating classes-code interfaces, factory functions, reuse
• Connecting classes-pointers, inheritance, channels
• Using "correct by construction"-strong typing, base classes
• Packaging it up-singletons, static methods, packages

The first German edition of this book appeared in 1972, and in Polish translation in 1976. It covered the analysis and synthesis of sampled-data systems. The second German edition of 1983 ex tended the scope to design, in particular design for robustness of control system properties with respect to uncertainty of plant parameters. This book is a revised translation of the second Ger man edition. The revisions concern primarily a new treatment of the finite effect sequences and the use of nice numerical proper ties of Hessenberg forms. The introduction describes examples of sampled-data systems, in particular digital controllers, and analyzes the sampler and hold; also some design aspects are introduced. Chapter 2 reviews the modelling and analysis of continuous systems. Pole shifting is formulated as an affine mapping, here some n w material on fixing some eigenvalues or some gains in a design step is included. Chapter 3 treats the analysis of sampled-data systems by state space and z-transform methods. This includes sections on inter sampling behavior, time-delay systems, absolute stability and non synchronous sampling. Chapter 4 treats controllability and reach ability of discrete-time systems, controllability regions for con strained inputs and the choice of the sampling interval primarily under controllability aspects. Chapter 5 deals with observability and constructability both from the discrete and continuous plant output. Full and reduced order observers are treated as well as disturbance observers."