For the near future, the recent predictions and roadmaps of silicon semiconductor technology all agree that the number of transistors on a chip will keep growing exponentially according to Moore's Law, pushing technology towards the system-on-a-chip (SOC) era. However, we are increasingly experiencing a productivity gap where the chip complexity that can be handled by current design teams falls short of the possibilities offered by technological advances. Together with growing time-to-market pressures, this drives the need for innovative measures to increase design productivity by orders of magnitude. It is commonly agreed that the solutions for achieving such a leap in design productivity lie in a shift of the focus of the design process to higher levels of abstraction on the one hand and in the massive reuse of predesigned, complex system components (intellectual property, IP) on the other hand. In order to be successful, both concepts eventually require the adoption of new languages and methodologies for system design, backed-up by the availability of a corresponding set of system-level design automation tools. This book presents the SpecC system-level design language (SLDL) and the corresponding SpecC design methodology. The SpecC language is intended for specification and design of SOCs or embedded systems including software and hardware, whether using fixed platforms, integrating systems from different IPs, or synthesizing the system blocks from programming or hardware description languages. SpecC Specification Language and Methodology describes the SpecC methodology that leads designers from an executable specification to an RTL implementation through a well-defined sequence of steps. Each model is described and guidelines are given for generating these models from executable specifications. Finally, the SpecC methodology is demonstrated on an industrial-size example. The design community is now entering the system level of abstraction era and SpecC is the enabling element to achieve a paradigm shift in design culture needed for system/product design and manufacturing. SpecC Specification Language and Methodology will be of interest to researchers, designers, and managers dealing with system-level design, design flows and methodologies as well as students learning system specification, modeling and design.

This book is intended to be a working reference for electronic hardware de signers who are interested in writing VHDL models. A handbook/cookbook approach is taken, with many complete examples used to illustrate the fea tures of the VHDL language and to provide insight into how particular classes of hardware devices can be modelled in VHDL. It is possible to use these models directly or to adapt them to similar problems with minimal effort. This book is not intended to be a complete reference manual for the VHDL language. It is possible to begin writing VHDL models with little background in VHDL by copying examples from the book and adapting them to particular problems. Some exposure to the VHDL language prior to using this book is recommended. The reader is assumed to have a solid hardware design background, preferably with some simulation experience. For the reader who is interested in getting a complete overview of the VHDL language, the following publications are recommended reading: * An Introduction to VHDL: Hardware Description and Design [LIP89] * IEEE Standard VHDL Language Reference Manual [IEEE87] * Chip-Level Behavioral Modelling [ARMS88] * Multi-Level Simulation of VLSI Systems [COEL87] Other references of interest are [USG88], [DOD88] and [CLSI87] Use of the Book If the reader is familiar with VHDL, the models described in chapters 3 through 7 can be applied directly to design problems.

VHDL is a comprehensive language that allows a user to deal with design complexity. Design, and the data representing a design, are complex by the very nature of a modern digital system constructed from VLSI chips. VHDL is the first language to allow one to capture all the nuances of that complexity, and to effectively manage the data and the design process. As this book shows, VHDL is not by its nature a complex language. In 1980, the U. S. Government launched a very aggressive effort to advance the state-of-the-art in silicon technology. The objective was to significantly enhance operating performance and circuit density for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) silicon chips. The U. S. Government realized that in order for contractors to be able to work together to develop VLSI products, to document the resulting designs, to be able to reuse the designs in future products, and to efficiently upgrade existing designs, they needed a common communication medium for the design data. They wanted the design descriptions to be computer readable and executable. They also recognized that with the high densities envisioned for the U. S. Government's Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) chips and the large systems required in future procurements, a means of streamlining the design process and managing the large volumes of design data was required. Thus was born the concept of a standard hardware design and description language to solve all of these problems.

The IUTAM Symposium on Advanced Boundary Element Methods brought together both established and current researchers in the broad context of applications of BEM technology. The goal of the Symposium was to provide both a formal and an informal forum for the interchange of ideas and the stimulation of new research directions.

Conceptual Design is one of the few areas of Engineering Design where computers have yet to make an impact. With the development of Knowledge Based Systems it is now possible to rectify this situation. This publication deals with the use of Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) as tools for conceptual design. Included are neglected aspects such as evaluation and user needs. Practical Knowledge Based Systems in Conceptual Design is based on the authors' experience of developing KBS for use in civil engineering, an area of industrial application which is recognised as being one of great potential. The methodology has been tried and tested by designers. Examples of systems which have been developed to solve specific design problems are included.

Nonlinear photonics is the name given to the use of nonlinear optical devices for the generation, communication, processing, or analysis of information. This book is a progress report on research into practical applications of such devices. At present, modulation, switching, routing, decision-making, and detection in photonic systems are all done with electronics and linear optoelectronic devices. However, this may soon change, as nonlinear optical devices, e.g. picosecond samplers and switches, begin to complement optoelectonic devices. The authors succinctly summarize past accomplishments in this field and point to hopes for the future, making this an ideal book for newcomers or seasoned researchers wanting to design and perfect nonlinear optical devices and to identify applications in photonic systems.

A Practical Guide to Analog Behavioral Modeling for IC System Design presents a methodology for abstracting an IC system so that the designer can gain a macroscopic view of how sub-systems interact, as well as verify system functionality in various applications before committing to a design. This will prevent problems that may be caused late in the design-cycle by incompatibilities between the individual blocks that comprise the overall system. This book will focus on the techniques of modelling IC systems through analog behavioral modeling and simulation. It will investigate a practical approach by which designers can put together these systems to analyze topological and architectural issues to optimize IC system performance.Highlights: * Discussions on modeling and simulation from SPICE to behavioral simulators * Comparison of various hardware description languages and a discussion on the effects of language standardization * Explanation on how to reduce time-to-market by decreasing design-cycle time through modeling and simulation * Contains more than 25 building block examples that can be used to construct mixed-signal IC system models * Analysis of 4 different IC systems using various levels of model detail This book is intended for the practicing engineer who would like to gain practical knowledge in applications of analog behavioral modelling for IC system design.

About two years ago, while attending yet another international standards meeting, a few of the meeting participants were discussing the utility and applicability of the standards we were designing. After all, if standards are not used, and used effectively, why are we spending all this time and money designing them? The ultimate test of the utility of computer standards is the number of implementations that are developed and the number of end-users that successfully use these within their own application. The number of implementations is related to the quality of a standard because vendors cannot produce correct implementations without clear, precise and unambiguous semantics within the standard. The number of users of implementations of the standards is an even greater measure of success of the standard because users will only purchase these implementations if they are useful for their applications. "How could we determine whether or not graphics standards are useful?" we asked ourselves. " Let's ask both implementors and users about the experiences they've had with our standards. Let them tell us about the successes and the problems as well. " Thus, an idea was born - the idea of a series of workshops, each one devoted to the usability of a different computer graphics standard. The only thing left to do in planning this workshop was to choose the appropriate standard to serve as the focus of the first workshop. There were only a few viable candidates.

General Applications of BEM to electromagnetic problems are comparatively new although the method is ideally suited to solve these problems, which usually involve unbounded domains. The present volume comprises contributions by eminent researchers working on applications of boundary elements in electromagnetic problems. The volume deals with the solutions of Maxwell's equation for three-dimensional as well as two-dimensional cases. It also discusses combination of BEM with FEM particularly in the case of saturated media. Some chapters specifically deal with the design of electromagnetic devices. The book is essential reading to those engineers and scientists, who are interested in the state of the art for electrical and electromagnetic application of boundary elements. It is also an important reference for those engineers who are working on the design of electromagnetic components many of which can be advantageously carried out using BEM.

The success of VHDL since it has been balloted in 1987 as an IEEE standard may look incomprehensible to the large population of hardware designers, who had never heared of Hardware Description Languages before (for at least 90% of them), as well as to the few hundreds of specialists who had been working on these languages for a long time (25 years for some of them). Until 1988, only a very small subset of designers, in a few large companies, were used to describe their designs using a proprietary HDL, or sometimes a HDL inherited from a University when some software environment happened to be developped around it, allowing usability by third parties. A number of benefits were definitely recognized to this practice, such as functional verification of a specification through simulation, first performance evaluation of a tentative design, and sometimes automatic microprogram generation or even automatic high level synthesis. As there was apparently no market for HDL's, the ECAD vendors did not care about them, start-up companies were seldom able to survive in this area, and large users of proprietary tools were spending more and more people and money just to maintain their internal system.

Computer Science Workbench is a monograph series which will provide you with an in-depth working knowledge of current developments in computer technology. Every volume in this series will deal with a topic of importance in computer science and elaborate on how you yourself can build systems related to the main theme. You will be able to develop a variety of systems, including computer software tools, computer graphics, computer animation, database management systems, and computer-aided design and manufacturing systems. Computer Science Workbench represents an important new contribution in the field of practical computer technology. T08iyasu L. Kunii PREFACE The primary aim of this book is to present a coherent and self-contained de scription of recent advances in three-dimensional object recognition from range images. Three-dimensional object recognition concerns recognition and localiza tion of objects of interest in a scene from input images. This problem is one of both theoretical and practical importance. On the theoretical side, it is an ideal vehicle for the study of the general area of computer vision since it deals with several important issues encountered in computer vision-for example, issues such as feature extraction, acquisition, representation and proper use of knowl edge, employment of efficient control strategies, coupling numerical and symbolic computations, and parallel implementation of algorithms. On the practical side, it has a wide range of applications in areas such as robot vision, autonomous navigation, automated inspection of industrial parts, and automated assembly."

This book contains a selection of tutorials on hot topics in information technology, which were presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress. WCC2004 took place at the Centre de Congres Pierre Baudis, in Toulouse, France, from 22 to 27 August 2004. The 11 chapters included in the book were chosen from tutorials proposals submitted to WCC2004. These papers report on several important and state-of-the-art topics on information technology such as: Quality of Service in Information Networks Risk-Driven Development of Security-Critical Systems Using UMLsec Developing Portable Software Formal Reasoning About Systems, Software and Hardware Using Functionals, Predicates and Relations The Problematic of Distributed Systems Supervision Software Rejuvenation - Modeling and Analysis Test and Design-for-Test of Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits Web Services Applications of Multi-Agent Systems Discrete Event Simulation Human-Centered Automation We hereby would like to thank IFIP and more specifically WCC2004 Tutorials Committee and the authors for their contribution. We also would like to thank the congress organizers who have done a great job. Ricardo Reis Editor QUALITY OF SERVICE IN INFORMATION NETWORKS Augusto Casaca IST/INESC, R. Alves Redol, 1000-029, Lisboa, Portugal. Abstract: This article introduces the problems concerned with the provision of end-- end quality of service in IP networks, which are the basis of information networks, describes the existing solutions for that provision and presents some of the current research items on the subject. Key words: Information networks, IP networks, Integrated Services, Differentiated Services, Multiprotocol Label Switching, UMTS."

The proliferation and growth of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) has spawned many diverse and interesting technologies. One of the most prominent of these technologies is the VHSIC Hardware Description Language, or VHDL. VHDL permits designers of digital modules, components, systems, and even networks to describe their designs both structurally and behaviorally. VHDL also allows simulation of the designs in order to investigate their performance prior to actually implementing them in hardware. Having gained the ability to simulate designs once encoded in VHDL, designers were naturally confronted with the issue of testing these designs. VHDL did not explicitly address the requirement to insert particular digital waveforms, often termed test vectors or patterns, or to subsequently assess the correctness of the response from some digital entity. In a distributed design environment, or even in an isolated one where the design was subject to review or scrutiny by another organization, de-facto methods of testing and evaluating results proved faulty. The reason was a lack of standardization.When organization A designed a circuit and tested it with their self-developed test tools it had a certain behavior. When it was delivered to organization B and B tested it using their test tools, the behavior was different. Was the fault in the circuit, in A's tools, or in B's tools? The only way to resolve this was for both organizations to agree on a test apparatus, validate its correctness and use it consistently. While VHDL was an IEEE standard language, and consistency among myriad designers was fairly well guaranteed, no such standard existed for test waveform generation and assessment. Hence, the value of standardization in the design language was being negated by the lack of such a standard for testing. The Waveform and Vector Exchange Specification, or WAVES, was conceived and designed to solve this testing problem -- and it has. Being both a subset of VHDL itself, as well as an IEEE standard, it guarantees both conformity among multiple applications and easy integration with VHDL units under test (UUTs). Using WAVES and VHDL for Effective Design and Testing will serve many purposes.For the WAVES beginner, its tutorial will make the application of WAVES in typical, standard usage straightforward and convenient. For the more advanced user, the advanced topics will provide insight into the nuances of these useful capabilities. For all users, the tools, templates and examples given in the chapters, as well as on the companion disk, will provide a practical starting foundation for using WAVES and VHDL.

too vast, too complex, too grand ... for description. John Wesley Powell-1870 (discovering the Grand Canyon) VHDL is a big world. A beginner can be easily disappointed by the generality of this language. This generality is explained by the large number of domains covered - from specifications to logical simulation or synthesis. To the very beginner, VHDL appears as a "kit". He is quickly aware that his problem may be solved with VHDL, but does not know how. He does not even know how to start. In this state of mind, all the constraints that can be set to his modeling job, by using a subset of the language or a given design methodology, may be seen as a life preserver. The success of the introduction of VHDL in a company depends on solutions to many questions that should be answered months before the first line of code is written: * Why choose VHDL? * Which VHDL tools should be chosen? * Which modeling methodology should be adopted? * How should the VHDL environment be customized? * What are the tricks? Where are the traps? * What are the differences between VHDL and other competing HDLs? Answers to these questions are organized according to different concerns: buying the tools, organizing the environment, and designing. Decisions taken in each of these areas may have many consequences on the way to the acceptance and efficiently use of VHDL in a company.

Intelligent robotics has become the focus of extensive research activity. This effort has been motivated by the wide variety of applications that can benefit from the developments. These applications often involve mobile robots, multiple robots working and interacting in the same work area, and operations in hazardous environments like nuclear power plants. Applications in the consumer and service sectors are also attracting interest. These applications have highlighted the importance of performance, safety, reliability, and fault tolerance. This volume is a selection of papers from a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in July 1989 with a focus on active perception and robot vision. The papers deal with such issues as motion understanding, 3-D data analysis, error minimization, object and environment modeling, object detection and recognition, parallel and real-time vision, and data fusion. The paradigm underlying the papers is that robotic systems require repeated and hierarchical application of the perception-planning-action cycle. The primary focus of the papers is the perception part of the cycle. Issues related to complete implementations are also discussed.

Welcome to Bavaria - Germany and to the INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WORKSHOP. A triennial international conference jointly promoted by Control.Data, GRS and SCS, which takes place at Schliersee, a small town near the Alps. The aim of the Symposium is to cover most of the aspects of nuclear modelling and simulation in theory and practice, to promote the exchange of knowledge and experience between different international research groups in this field, and to strengthen the international contact between developers and users of modelling and simulation techniques. On the occasion of the Symposium people of scientific and engineering disciplines will meet to discuss the state-of-the-art and future activities and developments. A large number of contributed papers has been strictly examined and selected by the papers committee to guarantee a high international standard. The book contains the accepted papers which will be presented at the Symposium. The papers have been classified according to the following topics: 1. HARDWARE TOOLS 2. SIMULATION-SOFTWARE-TOOLS 3. PLANT ANALYSER 4. REACTOR CORE 5. NUCLEAR WASTE Authors from 9 countries will meet at the Symposium. They work for Industrial Companies, Universities and the Research and Development Institutes so that a broad spectrum of simulation activities is covered: Theory and application, hardware and software, research and operations. The editor is greatful to the authors for making possible the publication of this book, and especially to WOLFGANG F. WERNEB, for the selection of the papers and the contribution to the success of the Symposium.

to Robotics In collaboration with Milan Djurovic, Dragan Hristic, Branko Karan, Manja Kireanski, N enad Kireanski, Dragan Stokic, Dragoljub Vujic, Vesna Zivkovic With 228 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo 1989 .. Miomir Vukobratovic, Ph. D., D. Sc. Milan Djurovic B. Sc. Dragan Hristic Ph.D. Branko Karan B. Sc. Manja Kircanski Ph.D. Nenad Kireanski Ph.D. Dragan Stokic Ph.D. Dragoljub Vujic Ph.D. Vesna Zivkovic Ph.D. Institute Mibajlo Pupin YU-llOOO Beograd Based on the original Uvod u Robotiku published by Institute Mibajlo Pupin, Beograd, Yugoslavia, 1986. ISBN -13: 978-3-642-82999-4 e-ISBN -13: 978-3-642-82997-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-82997-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vukobratovic, Miomir. Introduction to robotics. Translation of: Uvod u robotiku. Includes index. 1. Robotics. 1. Title. TJ211.V86131988 629.8'92 88-10307 ISBN-i3:978-3-642-82999-4 (U.S.) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustration, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways. and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.

This book constitutes thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the workshops of the 18th International Conference on Parallel Computing, Euro-Par 2012, held in Rhodes Islands, Greece, in August 2012. The papers of these 10 workshops BDMC, CGWS, HeteroPar, HiBB, OMHI, Paraphrase, PROPER, UCHPC, VHPC focus on promotion and advancement of all aspects of parallel and distributed computing.

We have written this book principally for users and practitioners of computer graphics. In particular, system designers, independent software vendors, graphics system implementers, and application program developers need to understand the basic standards being put in place at the so-called Virtual Device Interface and how they relate to other industry standards, both formal and de facto. Secondarily, the book has been targetted at technical managers and advanced students who need some understanding of the graphics standards and how they fit together, along with a good overview of the Computer Graphics Interface (CGI) proposal and Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) standard in particular. Part I, Chapters 1,2, and 3; Part II, Chapters 10 and 11; Part III, Chapters 15, 16, and 17; and some of the Appendices will be of special interest. Finally, these same sections will interest users in government and industry who are responsible for selecting, buying and installing commercial implementations of the standards. The CGM is already a US Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS 126), and we expect the same status for the CGI when its development is completed and it receives formal approval by the standards-making bodies.

This book is a result of the lectures and discussions during the conference "Theory and Practice of Geometric Modeling." The event has been organized by the Wilhelm-Schickard-Institut fiir Informatik, Universitat Tiibingen and took place at the Heinrich-Fabri-Institut in Blaubeuren from October 3 to 7, 1988. The conference brought together leading experts from academic and industrial research institutions, CAD system developers and experien ced users to exchange their ideas and to discuss new concepts and future directions in geometric modeling. The main intention has been to bridge the gap between theoretical results, performance of existing CAD systems and the real problems of users. The contents is structured in five parts: A Algorithmic Aspects B Surface Intersection, Blending, Ray Tracing C Geometric Tools D Different Representation Schemes in Solid Modeling E Product Modeling in High Level Specifications The material presented in this book reflects the current state of the art in geometric modeling and should therefore be of interest not only to university and industry researchers, but also to system developers and practitioners who wish to keep up to date on recent advances and new concepts in this rapidly expanding field. The editors express their sincere appreciation to the contributing authors, and to the members of the program committee, W. Boehm, J. Hoschek, A. Massabo, H. Nowacki, M. Pratt, J. Rossignac, T. Sederberg and W. Tiller, for their close cooperation and their time and effort that made the conference and this book a success."

Make ten simple, casual games, and learn a ton of GML coding along the way. Each of these games is the kind you can play when you have a minute or two free, and are great for playing on your PC, or exported to HTML5 or Android. Each game in Practical GameMaker Projects has its own chapter that explains the process of making each game, along with sketches, screenshots, coding, explanations, and tips. For each game there is a YYZ project file of the completed game that is ready to load and play. Also, all resources are available so you can make the game as you follow along in the book. To take full advantage of this book and the accompanying resources and project files, a Creator, Developer or Educational version of GameMaker Studio 2 is required. You can still gain a lot from this book if you have the free version of GameMaker Studio 2, but note that the free version doesn't allow the importation of YYZ project files used in the book, and has other limitations such as a limit on how many resources you can create. Each chapter has an introduction that explains what the aim of the game is, followed by a design and coding section which will cover the coding of the game. You're free to re-use code in your own projects, both free and paid. At the end of each chapter there is a things-to-try page that gives you five things to add to the game to improve its playability or appearance - pushing you a little to improve your planning and GML skills. What You'll Learn Build ten game applications using GameMaker Studio 2 Use the GameMaker Markup Language along the way Master the concepts behind each of the ten game apps Design and code for each of the ten game examples Try some add-ons for each of the ten games Who This Book Is For Game developers with at least some prior game development experience. GameMaker Studio experience recommended, but not required.

Hardware-intrinsic security is a young field dealing with secure secret key storage. By generating the secret keys from the intrinsic properties of the silicon, e.g., from intrinsic Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), no permanent secret key storage is required anymore, and the key is only present in the device for a minimal amount of time. The field is extending to hardware-based security primitives and protocols such as block ciphers and stream ciphers entangled with the hardware, thus improving IC security. While at the application level there is a growing interest in hardware security for RFID systems and the necessary accompanying system architectures. This book brings together contributions from researchers and practitioners in academia and industry, an interdisciplinary group with backgrounds in physics, mathematics, cryptography, coding theory and processor theory. It will serve as important background material for students and practitioners, and will stimulate much further research and development.

DSP System Design presents the investigation of special type of IIR polyphase filter structures combined with frequency transformation techniques used for fast, multi-rate filtering, and their application for custom fixed-point implementation. Detailed theoretical analysis of the polyphase IIR structure has been presented for two and three coefficients in the two-path arrangement. This was then generalized for arbitrary filter order and any number of paths. The use of polyphase IIR structures in decimation and interpolation is being presented and performance assessed in terms of the number of calculations required for the given filter specification and the simplicity of implementation. Specimen decimation filter designs to be used in Sigma-Delta lowpass and bandpass A/D converters are presented which prove to outperform other traditional approaches.

New frequency transformation types have been suggested for both real and complex situations. A new exact multi-point frequency transformation approach for arbitrary frequency choice has been suggested and evaluated. Applying such transformations to the existing filter allows to change their frequency response in an intuitive manner without the need of re-designing them, thus simplifying the designer's job when the specification changes during the prototyping and testing.

A new bit-flipping' algorithm has been developed to aid in filter design where the coefficient word length is constraint. Also, the standard Downhill Simplex Method (floating-point) was modified to operate with the constrained coefficient word length. Performance of both these advances is being evaluated on a number of filter cases. Novel decimation and interpolation structures have been proposed, which can be implemented very efficiently. These allow an arbitrary order IIR anti-aliasing filter to operate at the lower rate of the decimator/interpolator. Similar structures for polyphase IIR decimator/interpolator structures are being discussed too.

A new approach to digital filter design and implementation has been suggested which speeds-up silicon implementation of designs developed in Matlab. The Simulink block description is converted automatically into a bit-to-bit equivalent VHDL description. This in turn can be compiled, simulated, synthesized and fabricated without the need to go through the design process twice, first algorithmic/structural design and then the implementation.

The book is full of design and analysis techniques. It contains sufficient introductory material enabling non-expert readers to understand the material given in it.

DSP System Design may be of interest to graduate students, researchers, and professionals circuit designers, who would require fast and low-complexity digital filters for both single and multi-rate applications, especially those with low-power specification.

Optoelectronic devices and fibre optics are the basis of cutting-edge communication systems. This monograph deals with the various components of these systems, including lasers, amplifiers, modulators, converters, filters, sensors, and more.

Address Errors before Users Find ThemUsing a mix-and-match approach, Software Test Attacks to Break Mobile and Embedded Devices presents an attack basis for testing mobile and embedded systems. Designed for testers working in the ever-expanding world of "smart" devices driven by software, the book focuses on attack-based testing that can be used by individuals and teams. The numerous test attacks show you when a software product does not work (i.e., has bugs) and provide you with information about the software product under test. The book guides you step by step starting with the basics. It explains patterns and techniques ranging from simple mind mapping to sophisticated test labs. For traditional testers moving into the mobile and embedded area, the book bridges the gap between IT and mobile/embedded system testing. It illustrates how to apply both traditional and new approaches. For those working with mobile/embedded systems without an extensive background in testing, the book brings together testing ideas, techniques, and solutions that are immediately applicable to testing smart and mobile devices.