Field-coupled nanocomputing (FCN) paradigms offer fundamentally new approaches to digital information processing that do not utilize transistors or require charge transport. Information transfer and computation are achieved in FCN via local field interactions between nanoscale building blocks that are organized in patterned arrays. Several FCN paradigms are currently under active investigation, including quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), molecular quantum cellular automata (MQCA), nanomagnetic logic (NML), and atomic quantum cellular automata (AQCA). Each of these paradigms has a number of unique features that make it attractive as a candidate for post-CMOS nanocomputing, and each faces critical challenges to realization.

This State-of-the-Art-Survey provides a snapshot of the current developments and novel research directions in the area of FCN. The book is divided into five sections. The first part, Field-Coupled Nanocomputing Paradigms, provides valuable background information and perspectives on the QDCA, MQCA, NML, and AQCA paradigms and their evolution. The second section, Circuits and Architectures, addresses a wide variety of current research on FCN clocking strategies, logic synthesis, circuit design and test, logic-in-memory, hardware security, and architecture. The third section, Modeling and Simulation, considers the theoretical modeling and computer simulation of large FCN circuits, as well as the use of simulations for gleaning physical insight into elementary FCN building blocks. The fourth section, Irreversibility and Dissipation, considers the dissipative consequences of irreversible information loss in FCN circuits, their quantification, and their connection to circuit structure. The fifth section, The Road Ahead: Opportunities and Challenges, includes an edited transcript of the panel discussion that concluded the FCN 13 workshop."

Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra describes an approach for modeling digital information and circuitry that is an alternative to Boolean algebra. While the Boolean algebraic model has been wildly successful and is responsible for many advances in modern information technology, the approach described in this book offers new insight and different ways of solving problems. Modeling the bit as a vector instead of a scalar value in the set {0, 1} allows digital circuits to be characterized with transfer functions in the form of a linear transformation matrix. The use of transfer functions is ubiquitous in many areas of engineering and their rich background in linear systems theory and signal processing is easily applied to digital switching circuits with this model. The common tasks of circuit simulation and justification are specific examples of the application of the linear algebraic model and are described in detail. The advantages offered by the new model as compared to traditional methods are emphasized throughout the book. Furthermore, the new approach is easily generalized to other types of information processing circuits such as those based upon multiple-valued or quantum logic; thus providing a unifying mathematical framework common to each of these areas. Modeling Digital Switching Circuits with Linear Algebra provides a blend of theoretical concepts and practical issues involved in implementing the method for circuit design tasks. Data structures are described and are shown to not require any more resources for representing the underlying matrices and vectors than those currently used in modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools based on the Boolean model. Algorithms are described that perform simulation, justification, and other common EDA tasks in an efficient manner that are competitive with conventional design tools. The linear algebraic model can be used to implement common EDA tasks directly upon a structural netlist thus avoiding the intermediate step of transforming a circuit description into a representation of a set of switching functions as is commonly the case when conventional Boolean techniques are used. Implementation results are provided that empirically demonstrate the practicality of the linear algebraic model.

Beginning LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 shows you how to create new fun and fantastic creations with the new EV3 programmable brick along with other new EV3 pieces and features. You'll learn the language of the EV3 brick, and then go on to create a variety of programmable vehicles using MINDSTORMS and Technic parts. You'll then move into creating robot parts, including robotic arms. You'll even learn how to make different types of MINDSTORMS walkers. Finally, you'll learn how to incorporate light and sound into your amazing EV3 creations. Whether you're a MINDSTORMS enthusiast wanting to know more about EV3, a robotics competitor, or just a LEGO fan who wants to learn all about what EV3 can do, Beginning LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 will give you the knowledge you need. What you'll learn * How to program the new EV3 brick * The different components new to the EV3 system * How to program the EV3 with LabView * How to build fantastic robotic creations * How to incorporate Technic creations into MINDSTORMS Who this book is for MINDSTORMS and robotics enthusiasts who want to learn about EV3, and people who are completely new to MINDSTORMS and want a thorough and fun introduction.

Noise abatement is the key problem of small-scaled circuit design. New computational paradigms are needed -- as these circuits shrink, they become very vulnerable to noise and soft errors. In this lecture, we present a probabilistic computation framework for improving the resiliency of logic gates and circuits under random conditions induced by voltage or current fluctuation. Among many probabilistic techniques for modeling such devices, only a few models satisfy the requirements of efficient hardware implementation -- specifically, Boltzman machines and Markov Random Field (MRF) models. These models have similar built-in noise-immunity characteristics based on feedback mechanisms. In probabilistic models, the values 0 and 1 of logic functions are replaced by degrees of beliefs that these values occur. An appropriate metric for degree of belief is probability. We discuss various approaches for noise-resilient logic gate design, and propose a novel design taxonomy based on implementation of the MRF model by a new type of binary decision diagram (BDD), called a cyclic BDD. In this approach, logic gates and circuits are designed using 2-to-1 bi-directional switches. Such circuits are often modeled using Shannon expansions with the corresponding graph-based implementation, BDDs. Simulation experiments are reported to show the noise immunity of the proposed structures. Audiences who may benefit from this lecture include graduate students taking classes on advanced computing device design, and academic and industrial researchers. Table of Contents: Introduction to probabilistic computation models / Nanoscale circuits and fluctuation problems / Estimators and Metrics / MRF Models of Logic Gates / Neuromorphic models / Noise-tolerance via error correcting / Conclusion and future work

A research project to investigate the design and construction of reliable computing systems was initiated by B. Randell at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1972. In over ten years of research on system reliability, a substantial number of papers have been produced by the members of this project. These papers have appeared in a variety of journals and conference proceedings and it is hoped that this book will prove to be a convenient reference volume for research workers active in this important area. In selecting papers published by past and present members of this project, I have used the following criteria: a paper is selected if it is concerned with fault tolerance and is not a review paper and was published before 1983. I have used these criteria (with only one or two exceptions ) in order to present a collection of papers with a common theme and, at the same time, to limit the size of the book to a reasonable length. The papers have been grouped into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces fundamental concepts of fault tolerance and ends with the earliest Newcastle paper on reliability. The project perhaps became well known after the invention of recovery blocks - a simple yet effective means of incorporating fault tolerance in software. The second chapter contains papers on recovery blocks, starting with the paper which first introduced the concept.

Orchestrate change across server clusters in near realtime with MCollective, the framework that works in concert with Puppet, Chef, and other configuration management tools. Ideal for system administrators and operations or DevOps engineers at any level, this hands-on guide teaches you how to build and test a real installation of MCollective servers and clients in your environment. Learn how to build an entire installation by hand, know where every configuration file lives, and understand every configuration parameter and what it means. Whether you manage a small environment or one that's immense in scale, this book shows you how to orchestrate specific actions faster and better than you do now. Tour MCollective's architecture, backbone, transport, and security controls Configure MCollective components to match your production environment Create and use collectives to handle thousands of remote MCollective agents Use ActiveMQ Network of Brokers to resolve multi-site or redundancy requirements Learn how to use community-built client and agent plugins, with concrete examples Create your own server and client plugins to perform a variety of actions Learn recommended best practices for using MCollective

Compared to binary switching functions, the multiple-valued functions (MV) offer more compact representations of the information content of signals modeled by logic functions and, therefore, their use fits very well in the general settings of data compression attempts and approaches. The first task in dealing with such signals is to provide mathematical methods for their representation in a way that will make their application in practice feasible. Representation of Multiple-Valued Logic Functions is aimed at providing an accessible introduction to these mathematical techniques that are necessary for application of related implementation methods and tools. This book presents in a uniform way different representations of multiple-valued logic functions, including functional expressions, spectral representations on finite Abelian groups, and their graphical counterparts (various related decision diagrams). Three-valued, or ternary functions, are traditionally used as the first extension from the binary case. They have a good feature that the ratio between the number of bits and the number of different values that can be encoded with the specified number of bits is favourable for ternary functions. Four-valued functions, also called quaternary functions, are particularly attractive, since in practical realization within today prevalent binary circuits environment, they may be easy coded by binary values and realized with two-stable state circuits. At the same time, there is much more considerable advent in design of four-valued logic circuits than for other $p$-valued functions. Therefore, this book is written using a hands-on approach such that after introducing the general and necessarily abstract background theory, the presentation is based on a large number of examples for ternary and quaternary functions that should provide an intuitive understanding of various representation methods and the interconnections among them. Table of Contents: Multiple-Valued Logic Functions / Functional Expressions for Multiple-Valued Functions / Spectral Representations of Multiple-Valued Functions / Decision Diagrams for Multiple-Valued Functions / Fast Calculation Algorithms

Contemporary distributed file systems are monolithic and only support single file abstractions. Nowadays, as Sai-Lai Lo explains, network storage devices have to accommodate new information media such as digital audio and video, with data radically different from the traditional text and binary code that contemporary file systems are optimized for. In this book, the author shows how, by combining new and traditional media, information can be recorded and presented in the most suitable way, and the value of a piece of information can be further enhanced by linking together related pieces. However, composite data and cross-reference between data items raise a number of system issues that have not been addressed properly before. Lo defines a new multiservice storage architecture that meets the needs of existing and emerging applications and can support multiple file abstractions. He also explores a number of related design issues. Researchers in the areas of distributed systems, network multimedia and network storage services will enjoy this book.

This book is concerned with circuit simulation using National Instruments Multisim. It focuses on the use and comprehension of the working techniques for electrical and electronic circuit simulation. The first chapters are devoted to basic circuit analysis. It starts by describing in detail how to perform a DC analysis using only resistors and independent and controlled sources. Then, it introduces capacitors and inductors to make a transient analysis. In the case of transient analysis, it is possible to have an initial condition either in the capacitor voltage or in the inductor current, or both. Fourier analysis is discussed in the context of transient analysis. Next, we make a treatment of AC analysis to simulate the frequency response of a circuit. Then, we introduce diodes, transistors, and circuits composed by them and perform DC, transient, and AC analyses. The book ends with simulation of digital circuits. A practical approach is followed through the chapters, using step-by-step examples to introduce new Multisim circuit elements, tools, analyses, and virtual instruments for measurement. The examples are clearly commented and illustrated. The different tools available on Multisim are used when appropriate so readers learn which analyses are available to them. This is part of the learning outcomes that should result after each set of end-of-chapter exercises is worked out. Table of Contents: Introduction to Circuit Simulation / Resistive Circuits / Time Domain Analysis -- Transient Analysis / Frequency Domain Analysis -- AC Analysis / Semiconductor Devices / Digital Circuits

The arrival and popularity of multi-core processors has sparked a renewed interest in the development of parallel programs. Similarly, the availability of low-cost microprocessors and sensors has generated a great interest in embedded real-time programs. This book provides students and programmers whose backgrounds are in traditional sequential programming with the opportunity to expand their capabilities into parallel, embedded, real-time and distributed computing. It also addresses the theoretical foundation of real-time scheduling analysis, focusing on theory that is useful for actual applications. Written by award-winning educators at a level suitable for undergraduates and beginning graduate students, this book is the first truly entry-level textbook in the subject. Complete examples allow readers to understand the context in which a new concept is used, and enable them to build and run the examples, make changes, and observe the results.

This textbook provides practicing scientists and engineers an advanced treatment of the Atmel AVR microcontroller. This book is intended as a follow-on to a previously published book, titled Atmel AVR Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing. Some of the content from this earlier text is retained for completeness. This book will emphasize advanced programming and interfacing skills. We focus on system level design consisting of several interacting microcontroller subsystems. The first chapter discusses the system design process. Our approach is to provide the skills to quickly get up to speed to operate the internationally popular Atmel AVR microcontroller line by developing systems level design skills. We use the Atmel ATmega164 as a representative sample of the AVR line. The knowledge you gain on this microcontroller can be easily translated to every other microcontroller in the AVR line. In succeeding chapters, we cover the main subsystems aboard the microcontroller, providing a short theory section followed by a description of the related microcontroller subsystem with accompanying software for the subsystem. We then provide advanced examples exercising some of the features discussed. In all examples, we use the C programming language. The code provided can be readily adapted to the wide variety of compilers available for the Atmel AVR microcontroller line. We also include a chapter describing how to interface the microcontroller to a wide variety of input and output devices. The book concludes with several detailed system level design examples employing the Atmel AVR microcontroller. Table of Contents: Embedded Systems Design / Atmel AVR Architecture Overview / Serial Communication Subsystem / Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) / Interrupt Subsystem / Timing Subsystem / Atmel AVR Operating Parameters and Interfacing / System Level Design

Do you like to build things? Are you ever frustrated at having to compromise your designs to fit whatever parts happen to be available? Would you like to fabricate your own parts? Build Your Own CNC Machine is the book to get you started. CNC expert Patrick Hood-Daniel and best-selling author James Kelly team up to show you how to construct your very own CNC machine. Then they go on to show you how to use it, how to document your designs in computer-aided design (CAD)programs, and how to output your designs as specifications and tool paths that feed into the CNC machine, controlling it as it builds whatever parts your imagination can dream up.

Don't be intimidated by abbreviations like CNC and terms like computer-aided design. Patrick and James have chosen a CNC-machine design that is simple to fabricate. You need only basic woodworking skills and a budget of perhaps $500 to $1,000 to spend on the wood, a router, and various other parts that you'll need. With some patience and some follow-through, you'll soon be up and running with a really fun machine that'll unleash your creativity and turn your imagination into physical reality.The authors go on to show you how to test your machine, including configuring the software. Provides links for learning how to design and mill whatever you can dream up The perfect parent/child project that is also suitable for scouting groups, clubs, school shop classes, and other organizations that benefit from projects that foster skills development and teamwork No unusual tools needed beyond a circular saw and what you likely already have in your home toolbox Teaches you to design and mill your very own wooden and aluminum parts, toys, gadgetswhatever you can dream up What you'll learn Build your very own CNC machine Learn about linear movement and motion transmission Who this book is for

Build Your Own CNC Machine is the perfect book for hobbyists who like to build and create using wood and metal. It's especially for those who have ever been foiled by lack of specific parts to help realize their creative designs. Build Your Own CNC Machine is also an excellent choice for organizations such as scouting and church groups, school shop classes, and so forth, as it provides an educational project of modest cost that all can work on together. Table of Contents Your CNC Machine Hardware and Tools Tips and Advice Movement Using Rails Joining Methods The Electronics X-Axis, Part 1 X-Axis, Part 2 X-Axis, Part 3 Y-Axis, Part 1 Y-Axis, Part 2 Y-Axis, Part 3 Preparing for the Z-Axis Z-Axis, Part 1 Z-Axis, Part 2 Z-Axis, Part 3 Mounting the Electronics Software and Testing Where to Go from Here

BeagleBone is an inexpensive web server, Linux desktop, and electronics hub that includes all the tools you need to create your own projects-whether it's robotics, gaming, drones, or software-defined radio. If you're new to BeagleBone Black, or want to explore more of its capabilities, this cookbook provides scores of recipes for connecting and talking to the physical world with this credit-card-sized computer. All you need is minimal familiarity with computer programming and electronics. Each recipe includes clear and simple wiring diagrams and example code to get you started. If you don't know what BeagleBone Black is, you might decide to get one after scanning these recipes. Learn how to use BeagleBone to interact with the physical world Connect force, light, and distance sensors Spin servo motors, stepper motors, and DC motors Flash single LEDs, strings of LEDs, and matrices of LEDs Manage real-time input/output (I/O) Work at the Linux I/O level with shell commands, Python, and C Compile and install Linux kernels Work at a high level with JavaScript and the BoneScript library Expand BeagleBone's functionality by adding capes Explore the Internet of Things

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, EPCE 2019, held as part of the 21st International Conference, HCI International 2019, which took place in Orlando, FL, USA, in July 2019. The total of 1274 papers and 209 posters included in the 35 HCII 2019 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 5029 submissions. EPCE 2019 includes a total of 34 regular papers; they were organized in topical sections named: mental workload and performance; visual cognition; cognitive psychology in aviation and space; and group collaboration and decision making.

Making Things Smart teaches the fundamentals of the powerful ARM microcontroller by walking beginners and experienced users alike through easily assembled projects comprised of inexpensive, hardware-store parts. Current ARM programming books take a bland, textbook approach focused on complex, beginner-unfriendly languages like C or ARM Assembler. Making Things Smart uses Espruino (JavaScript for Hardware), flattening the learning curve.

A car PC or carputer is a car tricked-out with electronics for playing radio, music and DVD movies, connecting to the Internet, navigating and tracking with satellite, taking photos, and any electronic gadget a person wants in a car. All these devices are managed and controlled through a single screen or interface. The only place car PC enthusiasts can go for advice, tips and tools is a handful of hard-to-find Web sites--until now. "Car PC Hacks" is your guide into the car PC revolution.

Packing MP3 players, handheld devices, computers and video-on-demand systems gives you a pile too heavy to carry. But add a car and put them together, you've got a powerful and mobile multimedia center requiring no lifting. The next time you give kids a lift, you won't hear, "Are we there yet?" Instead, expect "We're there already?" as they won't want to leave the car while playing video games from multiple consoles.

"Car PC Hacks" is the first book available to introduce and entrench you into this hot new market. You can count on the book because it hails from O'Reilly, a trusted resource for technical books. Expect innovation, useful tools, and fun experiments that you've come to expect from O'Reilly's Hacks Series.

Maybe you've hacked computers and gadgets, and now you're ready to take it to your car. If hacking is new and you would like to mix cars and computers, this book gets you started with its introduction to the basics of car electrical systems. Even when you're unclear on the difference between amps and watts, expect a clear explanation along with real-life examples to get on track. Whether you're venturing into car PC for the first time or an experienced hobbyist, hop in the bookfor a joy ride.

Use the Raspberry Pi and modern computing techniques to build industrial Internet of Things systems. Principles and theoretical aspects of IoT technologies combine with hands-on projects leading to detailed descriptions of several industrial IoT applications. This book presents real-life IoT applications based on the Raspberry Pi, beyond the relatively simplistic demos built for educational purposes or hobbyists. You'll make the transition from tinkering with a couple of sensors and simple devices to building fully developed products for commercial use and industrial systems. You'll also work with sensors and actuators, web technologies used for communications in IoT networks, and the large-scale deployment of IoT software solutions. And see how to design these systems as well as maintain them long term. See the Raspberry Pi in a new light that highlights the true industrial potential of the device. Move beyond connecting an LED to the Raspberry Pi and making it blink to actually managing a network of IoT devices. What You'll Learn Design industrial and large scale professional Internet of Things systems Extend your basic IoT knowledge by building advanced products Learn how large scale IoT systems are deployed and maintained Who This Book Is For Advanced hobbyists who want to stretch their abilities into the professional sector. Also professional industrial engineers looking for low-cost solutions to basic IoT needs.

This book was originally published in 1995. At the time of publication, distributed file systems were monolithic and only supported single file abstractions. Network storage devices needed to be able to accommodate emerging information media such as digital audio and video, with data radically different in characteristics to traditional text and binary that file systems were optimised for. By combining emerging and traditional media, information could be recorded and presented in the most suitable way, and the value of a piece of information could be further enhanced by linking together related pieces. However composite data and cross-reference between data items raised a number of system issues that had not been addressed properly before. In this book Dr Lo defined a multi-service storage architecture that could meet the needs of existing and emerging applications and support multiple file abstractions. He also explored a number of related design issues.

How can we build bridges from the digital world of the Internet to the analog world that surrounds us? By bringing accessibility to embedded components such as sensors and microcontrollers, JavaScript and Node.js might shape the world of physical computing as they did for web browsers. This practical guide shows hardware and software engineers, makers, and web developers how to talk in JavaScript with a variety of hardware platforms. Authors Patrick Mulder and Kelsey Breseman also delve into the basics of microcontrollers, single-board computers, and other hardware components. Use JavaScript to program microcontrollers with Arduino and Espruino Prototype IoT devices with the Tessel 2 development platform Learn about electronic input and output components, including sensors Connect microcontrollers to the Internet with the Particle Photon toolchain Run Node.js on single-board computers such as Raspberry Pi and Intel Edison Talk to embedded devices with Node.js libraries such as Johnny-Five, and remotely control the devices with Bluetooth Use MQTT as a message broker to connect devices across networks Explore ways to use robots as building blocks for shared experiences

This book presents the lecture notes of the 1st Summer School on Methods and Tools for the Design of Digital Systems, 2015, held in Bremen, Germany. The topic of the summer school was devoted to modeling and verification of cyber-physical systems. This covers several aspects of the field, including hybrid systems and model checking, as well as applications in robotics and aerospace systems. The main chapters have been written by leading scientists, who present their field of research, each providing references to introductory material as well as latest scientific advances and future research directions. This is complemented by short papers submitted by the participating PhD students.

Simulating a continuous process on a (computer) model provides a means of understanding how a system will behave when it is subject to particular constraints. Computers are of particular use for this purpose as the system is one which involves differential equations, eg. the behaviour of the vehicle suspension systems and chemical reactions. The book describes how analogue, digital and hybrid computers are used in simulating continuous systems. Their use is illustrated in the text by a number of simple problems and most chapters also contain examples of varying complexity selected from a range of scientific and engineering disciplines. A short appendix describes the functioning of analogue and hybrid units; for the rest of the book a knowledge of electric circuit theory is not required.