The force of hunger in shaping human character and social structure has been largely overlooked. This omission is a serious one in the study of primitive society, in which starvation is a constant menace. This work remedies this deficiency and opens up new lines of anthropological inquiry. The whole network of social institutions is examined which makes possible the consumption, distribution, and production of food-eating customs, as well as the religion and magic of food-production.

Focussing on the mechanics of social change and the interaction between ethnic groups, cultures, structures and value systems the background questions of ecology, demography and history are also examined and the process of urbanization and rural revolution described. Trends in marriage and family life, education and religious ideas are also discussed and case studies from each country included. First published in 1974.

This book presents an authoritative and illuminating insight into the development and most important characteristics of Japanese society and culture. Approaching the subject from a number of different points of view.
Originally published in 1963.

This book covers the life of a small Mestizo community in Columbia, with its people and institutions, its traditions in the past and its outlook on the future. Chapters include: * information on the health and nutritional status of the community * discussion of formal education and certain sets of patterned attitudes such as those which refer to work, illness, food and personal prestige. Originally published in 1961.

Wang Gungwu is an immensely eminent and prolific writer. Over the past 50 years he has made an important contribution to both scholarly and political debate, bringing his unparalleled knowledge of the histories of East and Southeast Asia to bear on urgent contemporary social, political and cultural issues. As doyen of studies on the Chinese diaspora and China's relations with Southeast Asia, Wang Gungwu has played an instrumental role in developing this emerging field of scholarship since the 1950s.
This collection of essays by and about Wang Gungwu brings together some of Wang's most recent and representative writing about the ethnic Chinese outside China giving the reader a deeper understanding of his views on migration, identity, nationalism and culture, all key issues in modern Asia's transformation. The book collects interviews, speeches and essays that illustrate the development and direction of Wang's scholarship on ethnic and diasporic Chinese.
"Diasporic Chinese Ventures" is the ideal introduction to the often complex field of ethnic Chinese Studies making it an essential read for students embarking upon the study of the subject. Those who are already familiar with Wang Gungwu's work will find this book a useful and representative collection which also provides an intriguing assessment of Wang's own political and scholarly influences.

This work examines the counselling approaches and techniques used by Yoruba traditional healers of Nigeria. It also describes the functions performed by Yoruba traditional healers when they work within the Yoruba cultural milieu. The information elicited from Yoruba traditional healers though videotape and interview was analyzed by a Nigerian woman from the Yoruba ethnic group. The results of the volume support the premise that culture plays a significant role in the kind of healing methods and counselling techniques used by professionals and traditional healers, as well as in the type of professionals chosen by clients for consultation concerning their problems.

The book is structured as follows: * An introduction of old Bantu culture * An account of modern Bantu life * Discussion of the influence exerted by Christianity and Education upon communal life of the Bantu * Examination of special aspects of Bantu culture as they have been modified by Western civilization: language and music * The economic, political and legal positions of the native tribes in South Africa are also covered. First published in 1934.

These essays are mainly concerned with the development of some of Max Gluckman's ideas about African politics. He regarded frequent rebellions to replace incumbents of political offices (as against revolutions to alter the structure of offices) as inherent in these politics. Later he connected this situation with modes of husbandry, problems of the devolution of power, types of weapons and the law of treason. He advanced to a general theory of ritual, as well as to general propositions about the position of officials representing conflicting interests within a hierarchy, typified by the African chief under colonial rule. Originally published in 1963.

Presents text, statistics and directory information on the geography, recent history and economy of the Western European countries and territories. Key features include * Contributions from acknowledged experts * A definitive factual and statistical survey of each country * Over 700 pages of impartial data. General Survey* Introductory articles written by acknowledged experts cover issues of regional importance, such as: The European Union Towards 2004; European Defence: All Illusions Exposed; The Politics of Immigration and Asylum in Western Europe; Economic Survey of Western Europe and Western Europe and the Developing World. Country Surveys Individual chapters on each country, which comprise of: * An introductory survey, containing essays on the geography, history and economy of each country, which includes a full chronology and map * An extensive economic and demographic survey of the latest available statistics on area and population, health and welfare, agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, communications media and education * A full directory section with names, addresses, contact numbers and e-mail and internet addresses covering the constitution, government, legislature, judiciary, political organizations, diplomatic representation, religious groups, the media, finance, trade and industry, tourism, defence and education * A select bibliography, containing suggestions for further research.

Explosive economic and social changes in the Asia Pacific region have meant that much of what we know about the area is outdated. This book addresses this and looks at the "human resource period" with detailed analysis, discussion and predictions for the future. Focusing on the areas of China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand the book explores the reasons behind changes and whether they indicate movement of convergence or divergence, the key issues for management and the implications for theory development.
This is the latest research available on this subject. A must for managers, researchers and those teaching undergraduate or postgraduate courses, as well as those interested in international business, sociology and employee relations.

The Routledge Global Haiku Reader provides a historical overview and comprehensive examination of haiku across the world in numerous languages, poetic movements, and cultural contexts. Offering an extensive critical perspective, this volume provides leading essays by poets and scholars who explore haiku's various global developments, demonstrating the form's complex and sometimes contradictory manifestations from the twentieth century to the present. The sixteen chapters are carefully organized into categories that reflect the salient areas of practice and study: Haiku in Transit, Haiku and Social Consciousness, Haiku and Experimentation, The Future of Global Haiku. An insightful introduction surveys haiku's influence beyond Japan and frames the collection historically and culturally, questioning commonly held assumptions about haiku and laying the groundwork for new ways of seeing the form. Haiku's elusiveness, its resistance to definition, is partly what keeps it so relevant today, and this book traces the many ways in which this global verse form has evolved. The Routledge Global Haiku Reader ushers haiku into the twenty-first century in a critically minded and historically informed manner for a new generation of readers and writers and will appeal to students and researchers in literary studies, Asian studies, comparative literature, cultural studies and creative writing.

This fascinating book is an insightful exploration of Western perceptions and representations of Japanese culture and society, drawing on social and cultural psychological ideas around stereotypes and intercultural relations. Hinton considers how the West views the Japanese as an ideologically different 'other', and proposes a cultural theory of stereotypes from which to explore Western observations of the Japanese. The book explores Western socio-cultural representations of the Japanese alongside Edward Said's well-known theory of Orientalism. It examines the West's intercultural relationship with Japan, and how this has changed over time, to show how the Japanese have been represented in the Western mind throughout history, to the present day. Hinton argues that our view of other cultures is based on our own cultural expectations, which involve complex issues of meaning making and perceived cultural differences. This book foregrounds this research through accounts of Westerners about the Japanese, to reveal how cultural representations can influence the ways in which people from different cultures communicate in interaction, and how intercultural understanding or misunderstanding can arise. By reflecting on the changing Western representations of the Japanese, and how and why these have emerged, this book will be of interest to students, academics, and general readers interested in stereotypes, cultural psychology, intercultural communication, and Japanese culture and history.

Focussing on the problems of change and resistance to change that mark the African sub-continent, this book examines Africa's place in the world from earliest times. It considers the nature of its peoples in their prehistoric development, the ways in which their cultures were oriented, and the ways in which these cultures guided their reactions to European ideas. It also assesses the human responses to industrial, technological and economic changes and the re-discovery by the Africans of African culture. Originally published in 1962.

Contents:
List of figures
Acknowledgements
Introduction: Beijing as a Critical Problem
In Search of a Chinese Space
Outline of the Research and the Argument
A Note on Method
1. A Geo-Political Project
2. City Plan as Ideology
A Classical Tradition
Neo-Confucianism
3. Social Space of the City
A City of Cities
Space of the State
Space of Society
Concluding Notes 1: Architecture of the City and the Land
4. A Sea of Walls: The Purple Forbidden Palace
5. The Palace: Framing a Political Landscape
The Inner Court as a Corporeal Space
The Outer Court as an Institutional Space
A Composition of Forces
6. The Palace: a Battlefield
Flows of Reports and Directives
Defence
Recurring Crises
7. Constructs of Authority
Legalism and The Art of War
Vis-a-vis the Panopticon: Two Ages of Reason
Concluding Notes 2: Architecture as a Machine of the State
8. A Religious Discourse
Composing and Building the Discourse
Performing an Ideology
9. Formal Compositions: Visual and Existential
Beijing as a Scroll
Vis-a-vis 'Cartesian Perspectivalism': Two Ways of Seeing
Concluding Notes 3: Architecture of Horizon
Appendix: dynasties, reigns and emperors
Notes
Bibliography
Index

Contents:
Volume 1
1. The Earl of Mornington to General Craig, 16 September 1798.
A request for advice on how best to counter a possible invasion from Zaman Shah of Afghanistan.
2. General Craig to the Earl of Mornington, 6 October 1798.
An adumbration of a 'forward policy' in dealing with a threat from the Northwest.
3. Henry Dundas to Lord Grenville, 13 June 1798.
An assessment of the French threat to India.
4. John Malcolm to Lord Elgin, 22 March 1801.
An assessment of the possibility of a Russian invasion of India.
5. Count F. V. Rastopchin, Note concerning the political relations of Russia during the last months of the reign of Paul I, St Petersburg, 1800.
A view of the political relations of Russia during the reign of Tsar Paul I.
6. Tsar Paul I, Personal Supreme Rescripts by his Imperial Majesty Paul I, to the Ataman of the Don Cossack Troops Cavalry General Vasilii Petrovich Orlov, Relating to the Expedition to India, St Petersburg, 1801.
Orders for an invasion of India.
7. Mr. Harford Jones to Sir Hugh Inglis, 29 November 1802.
The British Minister in Baghdad warns of the possibility of a joint Franco-Russian invasion of India.
8. Napoleon, Instructions for General Gardane, 10 May 1807.
Orders to the Head of a French Mission to Persia.
9. The Secret Committee of the Court of Directors, East India Company, to Lord Minto, 27 September 1807.
An assessment of the combined Franco-Russian threat to India following the Treaty of Tilsit.
10. William Moorcroft. Excerpts from Diaries.
Reports of Russian agents in Ladakh, Kashgar and Bokhara, 1812-1824.
11. G. S. Vinskii, Project concerning the consolidation of Russian trade with Upper Asia
through Khiva and Bokhara, 1818.
A review of Russian Policy towards Central Asia.
12. Lord Ellenborough, Despatch to Lord Minto, 12 January 1830.
The Board of Control of the East India Company expresses concern to the Governor General about Russian designs in Central Asia.
13. Lord Heytesbury, Despatch to Lord Aberdeen, 18 January 1830.
H. M. Ambassador at St. Petersburg advises that he sees no prospect of Russia being able to march an army to India.
14. C. E. Trevelyan and Arthur Conolly, Despatch to Lord Bentinck, 15 March 1831. Advice on the likelihood of a Russian invasion of India.
15. Secret Committee, Despatch to Lord Auckland, 25 June 1836.
The Secret Committee of the East India Company's Board of Control prompts and authorizes the Governor-General to initiate the First Anglo-Afghan War.
16. Lord Auckland, Minute, 12 May 1838.
The Governor-General gives his reasons for the invasion of Afghanistan.
17. Richmond Shakespear, A personal narrative of a journey from Heraut to Ourenbourg on the Caspian, 1840.
An account of Shakespear's mission to Khiva.
18. Charles Metcalfe, Extracts from papers, 1830-33.
An argument against the 'forward policy' and observation of the vulnerability of the British position in India.
Volume 2.
Henry Pottinger, Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde.
Volume 3.
1. J. Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire.
2. J. Macdonald Kinneir, A Dissertation on the Invasion of India.
Volume 4.
Robert Wilson, A Sketch of the Military and Political Power of Russia in the year 1817.
Volume 5.
1. Nikolai N. Muraviev, Journey to Khiva through the Turkoman Country, 1819-20.
2. Baron von Meyendorf, A Journey from Orenburg to Bokhara in the Year 1820.
Volume 6.
George de Lacy Evans, On the Practicability of an Invasion of British India.
Volume 7.
John MacNeill, The Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East.
Volume 8.
General Perovski, A Narrative of the Russian Military Expedition to Khiva in 1839.

Provides essential statistical and directory material on these two great North American nations and their constituent states, provinces, and territories
Completely revised and updated, this sixth edition brings together statistical, factual, and directory information on USA and Canada, including:
* Over 600 pages of in-depth analysis and thoroughly researched data
* Comprehensive geographical, historical, economic, and political information
* Contributions from acknowledged regional experts
Introductory Essays
Leading experts on the area analyze topics of regional interest and importance such as immigration; the environment; economic development; and USA, Canada, and the Pacific Rim
Country Surveys
Individual chapters on each country include:
* Details of Presidents/Prime Ministers; a chronology; geographic and demographic details; and tables on area and population
* Essays covering the economy; social issues; public affairs, including new essays on "Bush's Domestic Policy"; "US Foreign Policy: The War Against Terrorism; USA's Role in the Middle East;" and "Aboriginal People's in Canada;" plus a select bibliography for sources of further research
* Statistical survey with demographic and economic data using the latest statistics from government and official sources
* Directory with essential names, addresses, and contact numbers covering the Constitution, government, political organizations, diplomatic organizations, religious groups, the media, finance, trade and industry, and tourism

The latest addition to Europa's highly praised and valued Regional Surveys of the Worldseries, South Asia 2004 provides an in-depth library of information on the countries and territories of the region.Exhaustively researched by Europa's experienced editorial team, this title includes a vast range of up-to-date economic, political and statistical data. Combining impartial analysis with facts and figures, South Asia 2004 provides a unique overall perspective on this increasingly important region. The book is divided into three sections: A General Survey * This contains introductory essays by key specialists providing impartial coverage of issues of regional importance including security and religion. Essays include: Globalization and Human Development Issues in South Asia - C. Rammanohar Reddy, Deputy Editor, The Hindu, Chennai, India; Corruption and the Challenges to Good Governance in South Asia - Mushtaq Khan, Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, United Kingdom; Environmental Issues in South Asia - Gouranga Dasvarma, Senior Lecturer and Director, Graduate Program in Population and Human Resources and Master of Environmental Management Program, School of Geography, Population and Environmental Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Current Security Issues - Rohan Gunaratna, Associate Professor, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore; Religions in South Asia - Geoffrey Parrinder, Emeritus Professor of the Comparative Study of Religions, University of London, United Kingdom. Country Surveys * Detailed coverage of the eight countries of South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, The Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka * Up-to-date statistical surveys including the latest available figures on population and area, agriculture, industry, trade, transport, communications, media and education * A directory section of essential contact names, postal addresses and e-mail and internet addresses. Regional Information * A biographical section profiling prominent figures in the South Asian region * Directory details of research institutes studying the area and a select book and periodicals bibliography.

A systematic survey of all the countries of East Asia, South-East Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands
* Essential for anyone with an interest in this vast area of the world
* Keeps up-to-date with current economic and political developments
* Presents over 1,300 pages of statistics, directory material, and expert analysis
General Survey
* Informative articles on contemporary issues relating to the area as a whole. Topics include: "Human Rights in the Asia Pacific Region; Current Security Issues" "in Asia; Population in Asia and the Pacific; Environmental Issues of Asia and the Pacific; The Religions of Asia Pacific;" and" The Asian-Pacific Community in the Pacific Century
"
Country Surveys
* Individual chapters on each country containing: articles on geography, history, and the economy; an economic and demographic survey of the latest available statisticson population, agriculture, industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, and education; a directory of names, addresses, and contact numbers covering the constitution, government, legislature, judiciary, political organizations, diplomatic representation, religion, the media, finance, trade, industry, tourism, defense, and education; and a select bibliography
Regional Information
* Includes all major international organizations active in the region, their aims, activities, publications, and principal personnel; a detailed survey of major commodities in Asia and the Pacific; a directory of research institutes specializing in the region; select bibliographies of books and periodicals covering the Far East and Australasia; and an index of regional organizations
For coverageof the countries and territories comprising South Asia, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and more, please now consult the newest volume in this series, devoted exclusively to this intricate, increasingly important region. South Asia 2004 provides all of the expert content you've come to expect from Europa's Regional Surveys, combining current facts and in-depth historical perspective.

Contents:
List of figures
Acknowledgements
Glossary
1. INTRODUCTION
Travelling and representation, travelling as representation
Mobility and the Tôkaidô as Scholarly Subjects
Structure of the Book
2. INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARTOGRAPHY OF THE TOKAIDO IN MACRO
THE TOKAIDO AS A GEOPOLITICAL TERRITORY
INFRASTRUCTURE UPON THE TOKAIDO ROUTE
Inland Infrastructure in the Edo Period
The Tôkaidô as a Highway
The Introduction of the Railroad
THE TOKAIDO'S CARTOGRAPHY
Roadmaps in the Eido Period
Popular and Official Roadmaps
From Scriptual to Visual Cartography
Roadmaps in the Meiji Era
Railway Maps of the Maiji Era
Representational Character in Meiji Era's Road-Cartography
From Absolute Space to Abstract Space
3. TRAVELLING PRACTICES AND LITERARY TOKAIDO
ROAD COSMOLOGY - THE ROAD AS A MICROCOSM
TRAVELLING PRACTICES OF THE EDO PERIOD
Reasons for Travelling
Travellers-Positions
Meiji Era's Travelling
LITERARY TOKAIDO
Travel Literature in the Edo Period
Travel Literature in the Meiji Era
A Geographical Treatise: Nihon fûkeiron (Theory of the Japanese Landscape)
Literary Nostalgia
4. PERFORMANCE, VISUALITY AND IMAGINATION AT THE TOKAIDO'S MICRO-SCALE
TRANSPORTATION-STATIONS: SPACES OF PERFORMANCE, SPACES OF REPRESENTATION
Physical and Anthropological Characteristics of Post-Stations
Railway Stations as Border-sites: Between Performance and Spectacle
TOKAIDO AND VISUALITY
Pictorial Tôkaidô in the Edo Period
The Tôkaidô in the Official Arts of the Edo Period
The Tôkaidô in the Popular Arts of the Edo Period
Recurring Characteristics in Edo Period's Travel Representations
Pictorial Tôkaidô in the Meiji Era
Recording Reality through the Lens of Ukiyo-e
The Tôkaidô in Nihonga
The Tôkaidô through Western Eyes
The Tôkaidô Subject through a Prism of Modern Attitudes
Influences and Anachronisms: From the West to Japan, From Japan to the West
5. CONCLUSIONS AND OPENINGS: THE TOKAIDO AS MEDIUM OF NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND EPISTEMOLOGY
Japan as History/Japan as Nature
Technology as Expansion of Nature
Geography as National Ideology
Recasting History as Progress
HISTORY AS NOSTALGIA, HISTORY AS PLAY
Tôkaidô Renaissance
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTES

The number of poor people in China is huge, despite recent economic advances. This book investigates the problem of poverty in China's regions, discussing in particular the role of rural-urban migration in reducing poverty. It surveys the distribution and characteristics of poverty, examines anti-poverty initiatives by the Chinese government and includes the results of original research conducted in Shanxi, a typical province in Central China.

Going by all estimates, this is going to be an Asia-centred century. Indeed, a shift of global power is under way from West to East. The rise of China and India, the recovery and resurgence of Russia on one side, and Japan, on the other, and the nature of the international order are leading to enormous changes. These transformational changes in the military, economic, social and political dynamics of Asia will only accelerate with the passage of time. Historically, changes in the international order and equations of power among nations have been almost inevitably accompanied by conflicts and wars. The challenge ahead, therefore, for the international community in general, and the Asian countries in particular, is to ensure that this is avoided, and competition, which is inevitable, is managed without escalating to the level of armed conflict. This is crucial for most countries, and especially so for India so that its pursuit of comprehensive national development can progress without adverse distractions. In order to work toward such goals, it is necessary to look at security and military-related issues as objectively as possible. It is with this objective in view that the Centre for Air Power Studies has been bringing out the Asian Defence Review. This volume, a resource base for both the professional and the general readers, is the eighth in the series under this title, which aims to fill a critical information and knowledge gap in current strategic literature dealing with military strategy, defence politics and trends in military capabilities that impact countries in Asia. In particular, it covers some of the important issues that affect the Asian countries, including those related to air power, outer space, Pakistan, China, cruise missiles and sea-based deterrence.

The aim of this book is not to make prescriptions, or to provide the reader with recipes for achieving stability in the Mediterranean, but rather to offer, through an interdisciplinary approach, a pluralistic vision of democracy, civil society, human rights and dialogue among civilizations, the aspects of the third volet of the EuroMediterranean Partnership (EMP). Instead of reviewing the content of the EMP, this volume focuses more upon actors and values than upon procedures and specific projects. What are the contradictions of democratization? How can the EMP strengthen and support civil society if it is so difficult to define what civil society is? Is there a unique scale of values when dealing with human rights? To what extent does a dialogue among civilizations lead to compatibility and coexistence? Some reflections are devoted to the identification of crucial issues uniting or separating the actors involved in and addressed by the EMP. These debated issues are tackled to indirectly highlight the achievements of and impediments to the Barcelona Process.

This is a facsimile of a classic history first published by Macmillan in 1915 and issued in two further editions by Routledge and Kegan Paul. Sir Percy Sykes was an explorer, consul, soldier and a spy who lived and travelled in Persia over a period of twenty-five years. This two-volume collection provides a comprehensive history of Persia from Alexander the Great, through British, French and Russian colonialism, to the early twentieth century oil industry.
With a new introduction by Sykes' biographer, Antony Wynn, this comprehensive history provides essential background reading to students and academics of Persia.

A comprehensive survey of all the countries and territories of Central and South-Eastern Europe, presenting the latest economic and political developments.
* Includes expert comment on issues of regional importance, up-to-date statistics, a directory of institutes and companies and political profiles
* Provides an impartial and current perspective on economic and political developments
* Over 750 pages of authoritative analysis, current statistics, directory data and biographical details.
General Survey
* Leading authorities on the area analyse topics of regional interest. Subjects covered include: Central and South-Eastern European Economies; Minorities in Central and South-Eastern Europe; The Baltic Sea Region; The Macedonian Question and The Former Yugoslavia After Milosevic.
Country Surveys
* Detailed individual chapters for each country that include a description of physical and social geography; a chronology; essays on the history and economy; a statistical survey; and a directory of names and addresses and background information covering the constitution, national and local government, political organizations, the judicial system, religion, the press, finance, trade and industry etc.
Political Profiles
* Biographical details on the leading figures in the region.
Regional Information
* Detailed information on the following: regional organizations; research institutes; a select periodicals bibliography and a select books bibliography.

This book looks at Singapore and China to examine governmental collaboration on a foreign direct investment oriented strategy. Focusing on the unique collaborative venture, the Suzhou Industrial Park project, the author explores the economic, political and social relationships between Singapore and China throughout the course of the scheme as well as discussing why certain strategies were adopted, how they were implemented and their outcomes.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203299779