The Philippines is the world's largest exporter of temporary contract labor with a huge 700,000 workers a year being deployed to over 160 countries on either 6 month or 2 year contracts. This labor migration is highly regulated by the government, private, and non-governmental/non-private organizations. Women in particular are channeled into vulnerable occupations, including domestic service and entertainment. This challenging work confronts the darker side of contract migration raising such uncomfortable questions as does the Philippine government permit and encourage the trafficking, exploitation and abuse of women?
Drawing upon the writings of Faucault, this work argues that migrants and migrations are socially and politically produced. By controlling meanings and discourses, governments are able to re-position their policies to encourage a more positive reading of their strategies. Tyner delves behind this political facade to examine, on a number of levels, how the 'making' of migrants furthers the government's accumulation of capital. Initially documenting how the Philippine government has discursively framed overseas employment since its inception in 1974, the book traces through the many discourses, both dominant and periphery, which represent female entertainers, before finally focusing on a case study of one female migrant and how she negotiates her daily life.
Employing a post-structural feminist perspective, this work provides a new direction in the study of gender and migration which ultimately calls for a re-politization of migration studies. Population geographers, feminist geographers and migrations scholars of Asia will find this controversial work bothenlightening and thought-provoking.

In this volume, Lena Sommestad explores the significance of rural womanhood in the formation of Sweden's gender-egalitarian welfare state in the early 20th century. Drawing on a rich array of documents, photographs, and interviews with women and men, she analyzes the changing gender division of labor in dairying and illuminates the dynamic processes and debates that shaped industrial workplaces. The book demonstrates the importance of rural women's gainful labor and organized activism to Sweden's citizenship-based social policies, which enabled married women to combine childrearing with breadwinning.

The economics of worker cooperatives is a branch of economic inquiry with a long and esteemed pedigree, dating at least from the work of John Stuart Mill in the mid-nineteenth century. Since then, leading economists have paid intermittent attention to the topic, but the collapse of state-sponsored socialism in Eastern Europe and growing discontent with loosely-fettered capitalism have resulted in a resurgence of interest in worker co-operatives as a method of enhancing productivity and reducing income inequalities without heavy government regulation. Professor Pencavel's judicious selection of articles by leading scholars conveys the vigour and rigour of this new empirical research. His original introduction provides an authoritative guide to past and current thinking in this topical area and raises important issues, which point the way for further contributions to the already rich literature.

This title was first published in 2000: The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers decided in 1994 to initiate and finance a comparative study to understand better the structure and development of poverty in five Nordic countries, (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). The main question posed is how the number of people living with low incomes has changed over time and what characterizes such households.? Since no official poverty line has been defined in the Nordic countries, the comparative study examines a set of different definitions of poverty and analyzes the change in poverty rates and poverty composition in light of those different definitions.

This book covers the key themes related to the introduction, growth development and future of European Works Councils: the European Works Council Directive itself, European Works Council Agreements, Employers' strategies for managing European Works Councils in practice and trade union strategies for the development of European Works Councils. The book features contributions from key writers in the field and covers both theoretical models and questions of practice.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203408004

The growing industrialization of Thailand due to the introduction of capitalist processes has had a revolutionary impact on the organization and structure of the society. New classes, groups and interests have arisen including a new urban-based industrial working class who are essential to the new capitalist procedures. This book examines how industrial workers have come to occupy a strategic place in the contemporary political economy and charts their long-term activism in seeking redress for a range of individual, social and political problems. This text focuses on how the state has become entangled in the processes through which workers have been organized, reorganized and disorganized as social and political actors in different historical periods. By examining the themes of labour weakness, political exclusion and insignificance of "class factors", this book brings back workers from the margins by demonstrating that both in the present and past the state has been involved in processes that determine the forms of their struggles. By utilizing new empirical data and historical material, Brown highlights how the working class have emerged as an enduring facet of Thai society.

Contents:
1. Introduction: Researching Japanese Modernity 1.1 Work in Capitalist Modernity 1.2 Work Values 1.3 Institutions and Organizations of Employment 1.4 Japan, the Lifetime Employment System and the Japanese Salaryman 1.5 Research Methodology 1.6 Research Strategy 2. Japanese Capitalism and Modernity in Theoretical Perspective 2.1 A Theory for Modernity and the Individual 2.2 Tradition and the Self in Japanese Modernity: Tradition and the Japanese Relational Self 2.3 Modernisation in Europe and Japan 2.4 The Self and Modern Society in the West and in Japan 2.5 Contemprary Social Change, Globalization and Convergence 2.5 Conclusion 3. Lifetime Employment in Post-War Japan 3.1 The Origins and Establishment of the Japanese Lifetime Employment System: The Origins of the System, The Establishment of the Lifetime Employment System 3.2 The 1960s and 1970s Lifetime Employment System: The Principal Characteristics of the LIfetime Employment System, Systemic and Ideological Compatability, Flexibility and Adjustment 3.3 The LIfetime Employment System as a Transnational Institution 4. Re-Fabricating Lifetime Employment Relations 4.1 The Contemporary Structure of Lifetime Employment: Lifetime Employment, The Dependent Attributes of the Lifetime Employment System 4.2 Field Investigations 4.3 Change or Transformation, The Managerial Ideology of Lifetime Employment 4.4 Re-Fabricating the Japanese Salaryman 5. Working Under Changing Employment Relations 5.1 Needs, Desires and Values 5.2 Flow 5.3 Work Values in Japan: To Have One's Cake and Eat It?, Career Choice 5.4 Field Investigations: Career Start, Lifetime Employment at a Single Organization 5.5 Caught Between Two Modernities 6. Conclusion: Japanese Capitalism and Modernity in a Global Era 6.1 Review and Conclusions

As America begins the 21st century there is growing outcry across the land for reform of the nation's chaotic immigration policies. This text shows how immigration patterns are in direct conflict with emerging labour market trends and constitute a serious threat to the jobs of American workers.

The Internet, Organizational Change and Labor challenges assumptions about the advantages of the virtual workplace, and describes the uses of the Internet that advance organizational performance and economic equality. It incorporates both managerial and employee perspectives and evaluates the impact of the Internet on human resources and the balance of power between labour and management.
The Internet is considered both in terms of how it has allowed a mobilization of the workforce, leading to less cohesive and more vulnerable working conditions, but also how it facilitates the dissemination of information and knowledge and accelerates organizational analysis, innovation and improvement.
This book draws practical conclusions but is grounded in the philosophy of knowledge and organizations. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the fields of human resource management and employee relations, technology management, managing information systems and organization theory.

The Internet, Organizational Change and Labor challenges assumptions about the advantages of the virtual workplace, and describes the uses of the Internet that advance organizational performance and economic equality. It incorporates both managerial and employee perspectives and evaluates the impact of the Internet on human resources and the balance of power between labour and management.
The Internet is considered both in terms of how it has allowed a mobilization of the workforce, leading to less cohesive and more vulnerable working conditions, but also how it facilitates the dissemination of information and knowledge and accelerates organizational analysis, innovation and improvement.
This book draws practical conclusions but is grounded in the philosophy of knowledge and organizations. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the fields of human resource management and employee relations, technology management, managing information systems and organization theory.

During its boom phase, Silicon Valley was a center of attention for many reasons, but especially for its labor market arrangements. With the dot.com burst of 2000, many will be tempted to view the institutions that surrounded Silicon Valley as yesterday's news. But they would be wrong to do so, for a high-tech labor market adjusts to the ups and downs of the business cycle. Job market mobility -- what Alan Hyde in this volume terms "high velocity" -- was and is a key characteristic of Silicon Valley's labor market. As such, an understanding of Silicon Valley employment practices provides an understanding of labor market practices in any industry where mobility is high and the employment relationship is loose. Hyde suggests that while the work practices associated with high technology are somewhat unorthodox and may present legal problems, they play essential roles in high growth. Hyde addresses such issues as whether trade secret laws ought to give employers more power against departing employees or should be liberalized to facilitate start ups. Why do Silicon Valley employers use temporary help agencies at twice the national rate? Why do they employ so many engineers and programmers on temporary visas, and what would happen if that program were cut back? Why are so few Silicon Valley employees represented by unions? Could new unions serve their needs? How do well-compensated, highly mobile employees provide for their retirement or health insurance? Answers to these and many other questions about today's newest labor markets can be found in this book. The author shows how understanding these unusual features of high-velocity labor markets requires an understanding of how labor marketsfunction like information markets and can be made to contribute to economic growth.

The 13 volumes in this set, originally published between 1920 and 1991, draw together research by leading academics in the area of labour economics and provides a rigorous examination of related key issues. The volumes examine housing and labour markets, labour supply, and labour migration. This set will be of particular interest to students of Economics and Business Studies.

First published in 1989. The oil crises of the 1970s and increasing international competitive pressures had profoundly changed the structure and performance of labour. Analysis of labour markets, and especially international comparisons, can be difficult, given the differences between definitions, scope, coverage of data, methods, presentation, and economic and social influence in different regions. This book is an invaluable guide for users of international labour statistics. It centralizes and co-ordinates, from a range of sources, basic statistical information regarding the labour force for a large number of countries. Individual chapters, by specialists in the particular subject areas, deal with eight key aspects relating to the labour markets of major, developed capitalist countries (OECD countries); working population, unemployment, wages, consumer prices, labour costs, hours of work, trade union membership, and industrial disputes. The book discusses the nature of the data sources and statistical compilations, highlights cross-national trends over the past fifteen years, outlines the inherent difficulties of making such cross-country comparisons, and points out the potential pitfalls of interpretation of which users are often insufficiently aware. The book includes a summary of key labour market data, on an individual country basis, for twenty-four OECD countries and twenty other countries.

Welcome to academia in the 21st century, where 60% of tenured professors have been supplanted by underpaid graduate students or part-time adjuncts. The professoriate is no longer a "community of scholars" that governs itself, but a group of employees whose work is reviewed by administrators who cut deals to put cheaply packaged courses on-line for worldwide consumption. Where have the ivy-covered walls, tweedy professors, and genteel university presidents gone? Replaced, say the authors of this provocative work, by markets, profits, and computers.

Steal This University documents the rise of the corporate university over the past twenty years as well as the academic labor movement that has developed in response. Universities are increasingly looking to corporations as their model for reform, investing in merit-pay packages, partnerships with hi-tech companies, and anything that will reap profits from their creations. With controversial, personal stories of workplace exploitation, tenure battles, and union organizing, the book shows the challenges of working within this new system and explains the countermovement working to restore independence to university teachers. From New York University's outrageous union-busting techniques to the rise of for-profit schools like the University of Phoenix, Steal This University is both an indictment of current trends and a blueprint for combating them.

Steal This University explores the paradox of academic labor. Universities do not exist to generate a profit from capital investment, yet contemporary universities are increasingly using corporations as their model for internal organization. While the media, politicians, business leaders and the general public all seem to share a remarkable consensus that higher education is indispensable to the future of nations and individuals alike, within academia bitter conflicts brew over the shape of tomorrow's universities. Contributors to the volume range from the star academic to the disgruntled adjunct and each bring a unique perspective to the discussion on the academy's over-reliance on adjuncts and teaching assistants, the debate over tenure and to the valiant efforts to organize unions and win rights.

The low status accorded to part-time workers in Japan has resulted in huge inequalities in the workplace. This book examines the problem in-depth using case-study investigations in Japanese workplaces, and reveals the extent of the inequality. It shows how many part-time workers, most of whom are women, are concentrated in low paid, low skilled, poorly unionised service sector jobs. Part-time workers in Japan work hours equivalent to, or greater than, full-time workers, but receive lower financial and welfare benefits than their full-time colleagues. Overall, the book demonstrates that the way part-time work is constructed in Japan reinforces and institutionalises the sexual division of labour.

One cannot conceive of capitalism without labor. Yet many of the current debates about economic development leading to industrialization fail to directly engage with labor at all. This collection of essays strives to correct this oversight and to reintroduce labor into the great debates about capitalist development and economic growth before the Industrial Revolution. By attending to the effects of specific regulatory, technological, social and physical environments on producers and production in a set of specific industries, these essays use an "ecological" approach that demonstrates how productivity, knowledge and regime changed between 1400 and 1800. This book will be of interest to researchers in history, especially labor history, and European economic development.

The essays in this collection examine agrarian transformation in Latin America and the role in this of peasants, with particular reference to Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Central America. Among the issues covered are the impact of globalization and neo-liberal economic policies.

A leading urban economist's hopeful study of how shifts to remote work can change all of our lives for the better. As COVID-19 descended upon the country in 2020, millions of American office workers transitioned to working from home to reduce risk of infection and prevent spread of the virus. In the aftermath of this shift, a significant number of workers remain at least partially remote. It is clear that this massive experiment we were forced to run will have long-term consequences, changing the shape of our personal and work lives, as well as the urban landscape around us. How will the rise of telecommuting affect workers' quality of life, the profitability of firms, and the economic geography of our cities and suburbs? Going Remote addresses the uncertainties and possibilities of this moment. In Going Remote, urban economist Matthew E. Kahn takes readers on a journey through the new remote-work economy, revealing how people will configure their lives when they have more freedom to choose where they work and how they live. Melding ideas from labor economics, family economics, the theory of the firm, and urban economics, Kahn paints a realistic picture of the future for workers, firms, and urban areas, big and small. As Kahn shows, the rise of remote work presents especially valuable opportunities for flexibility and equity in the lives of women, minorities, and young people, and even for those whose jobs do not allow them to work from home. Uncovering key implications for our quality of life, Going Remote demonstrates how the rise of remote work can significantly improve the standard of living for millions of people by expanding personal freedom, changing the arc of how we live, work, and play.

In nearly all OECD countries, the labour market has been in flux in recent decades. This book examines the labour markets and the institutional frameworks that condition their functioning in four different countries: Canada, the United States, Denmark and Sweden. Through a comparative study of these cases, the book discusses the nation-specific patterns that exist in a world that seems to become increasingly subject to common social and economic development.

Published in 1999. Housework and child care are a major part of most peoples lives. The growth of part time work amongst women is just one example of the way our economy is structured to accommodate this fact. Yet very little research has been done on this subject in Britain and what little has been done tends to be small scale and impressionistic. This book examines how couples divide their time between domestic and paid work and the effect that tensions between the two can have. It provides valuable evidence on how domestic work is organized and why, when women are more likely to be employed than not, men have not increased their share of domestic work. Representative evidence is combined with previous small scale research to show how private troubles are related to massive social and economic changes in British society. Evidence of this sort has never been presented before in the British context.

First published in 1998, this book explores the physical and technological changes which occurred in the growing bureaucracies of big-business and of government as well as in the small and mid-size business of the city. The study of these changes provides a context within which to set the complementary experiences of the men and women who chose to seek a living in the wide array of constantly changing office jobs.

In recent years we have seen the predictions of our forebears that leisure time would increase as the years pass utterly confounded. It is a fact of life that in major cities across the world, transport systems are full to bursting with people on their way to and from work. As people have come to accept longer working hours as a way of life, a number of new issues have come into play.
These include labour market regulation, contract work and outsourcing, wages and increased attempts at better organisation. The impressive array of expert contributors, including Mark Harvey, Jane Humphries and Frank Wilkinson, have compiled a comprehensive and interesting book.

The last available census estimated around 10 per cent of total urban working women in India are concentrated in the low paid domestic services such as cleaning, cooking, and taking care of the children and the elderly. This is found to be much higher in certain parts of India, emerging as the single most important avenue for urban females, surpassing males in the service since the 1980s. By applying an imaginative and refreshing mix of disciplinary approaches ranging from economic models of the household, empirical analysis and literary conventions, this book analyses the changing labour economy in post-partition West Bengal. It explains how and why women and girl children have replaced this traditionally male bias in the gender segregated domestic service industry since the late 1940s, and addresses the question of whether this increase in vulnerable individuals working in domestic service, the growth of the urban professional middle class in the post liberalization period, and the increasing incidences of reported abuses of domestics, in urban middleclass homes in the recent years, are related. Covering five decades of the history of gender and labour in India, this book will be of interest to scholars working in the fields of gender and labour relations, development studies, economics, history, and women and gender studies.

The first comprehensive and authoritative history of work and labour in Africa; a key text for all working on African Studies and Labour History worldwide. Co-published with the International Labour Organization on the centenary of its founding in 1919, the General Labour History of Africa is a landmark in the study of labour history. It brings, for the first time, an African perspective within a global context to the study of labour and labour relations. The volume analyses key developments in the 20th century, such as the emergence of free wage labour; the transformation in labour relations; the role of capital and employers; labour agency and movements; the growing diversity of formal and informal or precarious labour; the meaning of work; and the impact of gender and age on the workplace. The contributors - eminent historians, anthropologists and social scientists from Africa, Europe and the United States - examine African labour in the context of labour and social issues worldwide: mobility and colonial and postcolonial migration, child and forced labour, security, the growth of entrepreneurial labour, the informal sector and self-employment, and the impact of trade unionism, welfare and state relations. The book discusses key sectors such as mining, agriculture, industry, transport, domestic work, and sport, tourism and entertainment, as well as the international dimension and the history and impact of the International Labour Organization itself. This authoritative and comprehensive work will be aninvaluable resource for historians of labour, social relations and African history. In association with the ILO Regional Office for Africa Stefano Bellucci is senior researcher at the International Instituteof Social History, Amsterdam, and lecturer in African History and Economy at Leiden University, the Netherlands; Andreas Eckert is Director of the International Research Centre for Work and the Human Life Cycle in Global History and professor of African history at Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.