OF 'SOLIDARITY' IN UK SOCIAL WELFARE Here then, perhaps, is a British version of solidarity in social welfare, but early there are strong tensions between the powerfully liberal individualistic strands of the British understanding of the functions of the state and the socialistic or communitarian tendency of a commitment to universal welfare provision. In the search for the roots of this understanding of welfare we shall survey, fitst, the historical background to these tensions in some early British political philosophers, starting with Hobbes and ending with Mill. We then consider the philosophical and social influences on the Beveridge Report itself, and we will trace the emergence of the philosophy of the welfare state in the era following the Second World War. Finally we consider the contemporary debate, as it relates to the 'Third Way' thinking of New Labour. 2. A mSTORICAL SKETCH In the previous section we observed that the philosophy underlying the Beveridge Report could be described as 'liberal collectivism'. What are the historical antecedents of this strange amalgam of individualism and collectivism? Within the short scope of this chapter, any account of the philosophical history must be little more than a sketch, but we can perhaps understand most debates in British socio-political thought as a continuing dialogue with the well known claim of Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan that all political institutions are founded on egoistic motives.

This book is developed around a rational planning process of six steps required to develop a strategic plan for health services. Following an overview chapter that identifies the need for this text and how it differs from previous health planning texts, each succeeding chapter is devoted to one step in the process. Methods and techniques are provided that can help practitioners carry out the steps. Where feasible, the reader learns how to use these methods and how to identify their strengths and weaknesses. In an era of stiff competition among health service agencies and hospitals, practitioners who use the methods described will have a distinct advantage over those administrators who do not. In the fast developing and dynamic field of health care, past experiences are no longer the best barometer of what a health agency ought to do in the future. There is no longer any stability in the health service field. Consequently, program administrators and/or their planning/marketing directors do need a guide to insure they obtain better results from their efforts.

Quality of Life Assessment has progressed considerably since the publication of the first highly acclaimed edition of this book in 1998. Quality of life has now become an indispensable outcome measure in many randomised clinical trials and other studies. Thus, it is timely to provide not just an update, but a completely new edition that reviews the current state of art and also discusses topical issues including areas where active research is in progress. The first section discusses the development and evaluation of generic and disease-targeted questionnaires. Having decided the items to be included the thrust of the next section covers how to convert these into usable forms. Section 3 addressing analysis and the methods of analysing studies with missing data is followed by chapters on interpretation of results and exploring the role of single-item questions. The final section of the book looks beyond the individual clinical trial and how we can use clinical trial and other data to make macro-decisions. A strong international team of experts cover a wide range of topics, emphasizing new and innovative approaches that are of practical and clinical importance, reviewing the current state of the art and illustrating the benefits and potential of health related quality of life assessment in clinical trials.

It is estimated that there are 60,000 excess Black American deaths annually compared with White Americans. Not only do Black babies die earlier than White babies, but, in recent years, there are reports that while life expectancy for Whites has improved, for Blacks there has been a leveling off, if not a reduction. These are among the issues detailed in this important guide to the major causes of Black illness and death. Divided into 27 chapters, this handbook provides a mosaic of the conditions, issues, and policies related to Black American health. The more than 40 contributing authors, drawn from institutions across the country, are the premier scholars in their respective fields. The scope and multidisciplinary nature of the handbook makes it invaluable for those concerned with contemporary Black society, clinical medicine, epidemiology, health care administration, medical sociology, nursing, nutrition, public health, social work, and public policy.

The very idea of 'public service' came under fierce attack in the Thatcherite 1980s. This book takes the two key services, broadcasting and the NHS, and traces the heated debates and political pressures which radically transformed them both. It points to the parallels between them, and describes issues of health, sickness and the provision of medical care as they were reflected in the radio and television output. Across a wide range of programming, from popular drama to investigative journalism, the book captures the mood of the decade as it traces the politics of the NHS, from the Winter of Discontent to the Aids crisis; and the politics of broadcasting, from the coming of Channel Four to the increasing government attacks on the BBC. Concluding in 1990 with two pivotal Acts of Parliament, "Broadcasting and the NHS in the Thatcherite 1980s" traces the roots of the present crisis in the public services.

Numerous studies suggest that people with a variety of health concerns are increasingly turning to online networks for social support. As a result, the number of online support communities has risen over the past two decades. Global Perspectives on Health Communication in the Age of Social Media is a critical scholarly resource that examines the illness and pain-and-suffering narrative of health communication. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as social networks, patient empowerment, and e-health, this book is geared towards professionals and researchers in health informatics as well as students, practitioners, clinicians, and academics.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly recognised as playing a significant role in the health sector in developing countries. This book examines the background to the growth both in the sector and interest in it, the strengths and weaknesses of NGOs and the arguments for and against their use for different aspects of the health sector. It focuses particularly on the relationship between the State and non-governmental organizations and the issues critical to the development of policies towards the sector.

This book is the culmination of the author's 30 years of experience, observation, study, research, and analysis as a (radical) patient activist. The author argues that, despite a policy focus on involving patients in health care and increasing patient autonomy, much covert coercion of patients takes place in everyday health care. Radical patient groups and individual activists, who repeatedly challenge or oppose some standards in health care, can be seen as working in the direction of freeing patients from coercion and from its concomitants of injustice and inequality. The patient movement, led by its radical elements, can therefore be considered an emancipation movement. Towards the Emancipation of Patients explains the development of the patient movement, outlining the current policy and practice context. It includes a discussion of values and principles as well as a map of ten core principles that should form the background to true patient involvement and emancipation. It also discu

Some goods and services are normally left to the market mechanism. Health care is often described as an exception to the rule. Society wants care to be allocated equitably; it wants the financial burden to be kept within bounds; it wants treatments to be both medically effective and economically efficient. These shared concerns lead to a demand for State intervention which this book seeks impartially to appraise and evaluate.

The purpose of the series is to explore the central and unique role of organizational ethics in creating and sustaining a pluralistic, free enterprise economy. The primary goal of the research studies published here is to examine how profit seeking and not for profit organizations can be conceived and designed to satisfy legitimate human needs in an ethical and meaningful way.

This NIH-supported study of HIV's physical and psychosocial impacts offers both practical and inspiring accounts of how individuals living with HIV respond and cope with the disease and its progressive stages and impacts. The longitudinal approach of the research and the rich resources offered by extensive interviews with the persons with HIV and those closest to them avail the reader of insights and responses that should improve others' coping and caring abilities.

The author's professional experience and extensive research informs the work throughout and fashions a remarkable and moving synthesis of the themes that will help those living with AIDS as well as all who relate to them. From the first awareness of infection to coping with bereavement, this book honestly, sensitively, and substantively addresses the essential concerns that any and all who are touched by the HIV pandemic must reflect on.

Intelligent Technologies for Bridging the Grey Digital Divide offers high-quality research with both industry- and practice-related articles in the broad area of intelligent technologies for seniors. The main focus of the book is to provide insights into current innovation, issues to be resolved, and approaches for widespread adoption so that seniors, their families, and their caregivers are able to enjoy their promised benefits.

vi of a large number of people due to the enormous quantities of radioactive material that would be required to reach high levels of contamination in mass-produced or distributed supplies. Although, based on data presented at the Workshop concerning the more than 30,000 missing radioactive sources all over the word, the radioactive contamination of food or water is also a scenario that must be taken seriously into consideration. During the last two decades there have been several emerging hazards linked to animal diseases or originating in animal products for example: Avian Influenza (AI), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), West Nile Fever, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and Ebola virus. All these diseases or events directly or indirectly affect food security and/or food safety. Approximately 75% of all emerging diseases are zoonotic by either an association with animal populations or an evolution of the disease in a- mals making it possible to move from animal species to humans. Participants were presented the primary results of the ongoing NATO- SPS Pilot Study on "Food Chain Security." These results focused mainly on (i) an overview of the food system; (ii) prevention, surveillance and detection systems and (iii) response system. The importance of issues such as: vuln- ability assessments, risk communication in risk analysis, risk perception, traceability, preparedness - awareness, communication, have to be cons- ered when working on food chain security.

This is the first comprehensive text on the design and analysis of group-randomized trials. It It collects information previously scattered among journals and texts in a variety of disciplines, and, in addition, presents much new material not available elsewhere. The book has been written to help those involved in these trials improve their ability to plan, fund, conduct, analyse, and interpret them, and to give students a detailed understanding of the field. Group-randomized trials are comparative studies in which the units of assignment are identifiable groups and the units of observation are members of those groups. The positive intraclass correlation expected among the members of each group poses unique and challenging issues for the design and analysis of these trials and separates them from the traditional clinical trial. After reviewing the underlying issues, Murray presents the research designs that are most widely used in group-randomized trials, together with their strengths, weaknesses, and appropriate applications. He describes the many approaches to analysis that are now available, presents mixed-model regression analyses appropriate to each design, and illustrates them using data from the Minnesota Heart Health Program. He also covers methods for estimating sample size, detectable difference, and power. This volume is not limited only to a conceptual treatment of the issues and solutions. It offers a review of the practical applications in a series of case studies, examples, and problems.

Religious, political, social, and health reform earmarked the Progressive Era. The era's health reform movement--like today's clean living movement--saw campaigns against alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and sexuality. It included crusades for exercise, vegetarian diets, and alternative health care and concerns about eugenics and new diseases. Covering the years leading up to the Progressive Era through the 1920s, this book provides entries on the central figures, events, crusades, legislation, publications and terms of the health reform movements, while a detailed timeline ties health reform to political, social, and religious movements. A valuable resource for scholars, students, and laymen interested in earlier health reform movements.

Dry Eyes of Innocence is an extraordinary story of courage and strength in the fight against Leukemia! A chronicle from the author's viewpoint, as he witnesses a personal transformation unfold in the last five or six years of his brothers awe-inspiring battle. Jeffrey was imprisoned from the age of 15 to 37, and then released into a world foreign to him. As an adult, in free society, Jeffrey learned the ropes of true manhood and responsibility and then fell victim to a terminal illness. Growing spiritually and emotionally while withering physically. Jeff and his family ponder -- will a matching donor be found in time? Will the transplant be successfull, or rejected? Will the effects of this physical assault on his body cause him to succumb? Or, will victory reign? The author finds himself in transformation from fear to victory, learning of Jeffrey's Leukemia at the most inopportune time, then helping his big brother overcome some of the most surreal moments of life imaginable. One finger in the air from Jeffrey is the constant reminder of his source of strength. this thug turned darling, with no internal organs and no self-sustaining breath, musters the strength to raise one finger and miraculously sing, "There's not a friend like the lowly Jesus. No, not one.No, not one!" All of the ward nurses and doctors come running to witness this miracle! Dry Eyes of Innocence is a must read for anyone seeking strength in the midst of a storm, anyone searching for power to transform lives and for an inspiring message from an unlikely champion! 6 x 9 trade hard cover - 128 pages

Drawing on insights from international organization and securitization theory, the author investigates the World Health Organization and how its approach to global health security has changed and adapted since its creation in 1948. He also examines the organization's prospects for managing global health security now and into the future.

Part of a series which focuses on health economics and health services research, this volume discusses a variety of topics in the field.

Explore real women's tales of healthcare trauma and medical misogyny with this "masterfully written" (Sophia A. Nelson, bestselling author of The Woman Code and Black Woman Redefined), meticulously researched, in-depth examination of the women's health crisis in America--and what we can do about it. When Anushay Hossain became pregnant in the US, she was so relieved. Growing up in Bangladesh in the 1980s, where the concept of women's healthcare hardly existed, she understood how lucky she was to access the best in the world. But she couldn't have been more wrong. Things started to go awry from the minute she stepped into the hospital, and after thirty hours of labor (two of which she spent pushing), Hossain's epidural slipped. Her pain was so severe that she ran a fever of 104 degrees, and as she shook and trembled uncontrollably, the doctors finally performed an emergency C-section. Giving birth in the richest country on earth, Hossain never imagined she could die in labor. But she almost did. The experience put her on a journey to explore, understand, and share how women--especially women of color--are dismissed to death by systemic sexism in American healthcare. Following in the footsteps of feminist manifestos such as The Feminine Mystique and Rage Becomes Her, The Pain Gap is an "eye-opening" (Christy Turlington Burns, founder of Every Mother Counts) and stirring call to arms that encourages women to flip their "hysteria complex" on its head and use it to revolutionize women's healthcare. This book tells the story of Hossain's experiences--from growing up in South Asia surrounded by staggering maternal mortality rates to lobbying for global health legislation on Capitol Hill to nearly becoming a statistic herself. Along the way, she realized that a little fury might be just what the doctor ordered. Meticulously researched and deeply reported, this "must-read" (Soraya Chemaly, author of Rage Becomes Her) book explores real women's traumatic experiences with America's healthcare system--and empowers everyone to use their experiences to bring about the healthcare revolution women need.

"Healing by Heart" is a book of stories--stories of people's search for culturally responsive health care from U.S. providers. It offers resources to providers and institutions committed to delivering culturally responsive health care, paying special attention to building successful relationships with traditional Hmong patients and families. It makes available extensive information about the health-related beliefs, practices, and values of the Hmong people, including photographs of traditional healing methods.

Ranging in age from young infants to older adults, the patients in the stories present a wide range of health problems. The clinicians are from family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, surgery, obstetrics-gynecology, psychiatry/psychology, and hospice.

Each of the fourteen case stories is accompanied by discussion questions as well as two or three commentaries. The commentaries--written by patients, family members, shaman, Western clinicians (including Hmong physicians, nurses, and social workers), medical anthropologists, health care ethicists, social workers, psychologists, and clergy--are rich in personal reflections on cross-cultural health care experiences. Readers are rewarded with a combination of perspectives, including those of Hmong authors who have not previously published in English and scholars with years of professional experience working with the Hmong in Laos, Thailand, and the United States.

The editors offer a model for delivering culturally responsive health care with special attention to matters of cross-cultural health care ethics. The model identifies questions health care providers can focus on as they seek to understand the health-related moral commitments and practices prevalent in the cultural groups they serve, ethical questions that arise frequently and with great poignancy in cross-cultural health care relationships, and points to consider when a patient's treatment wish challenges the provider's professional integrity.

By sharing stories of suffering, confusion, and success, "Healing by Heart" couples an accessible method of learning about others with concrete recommendations about how to enhance cross-cultural health care relationships.

Research on social inequalities has a very long tradition in sociological research, and discussion of the impact of social inequalities on health and health care delivery has long been one of the more important topics covered by medical sociologists. The research presented in this volume varies in its coverage and its approach to issues of social inequality in health and health care delivery. This volume includes both theoretical and quantitative papers, and deals with complex understandings of macro system issues, the impact of the patient and individual factors on health and health care and the impact of the provider and interaction between providers and patients. The first section focuses on macro system issues and includes both theoretical approaches to the topic and quantitative approaches. The second section includes articles with a greater focus on patient characteristics. These articles vary greatly in their coverage, with some focusing on the US as a whole, and others on specific sections of the US or subgroups within the population such as African American women or the elderly. The third section focuses on providers and issues of social inequality and health care delivery. These papers examine issues of gender, race and poverty as examples of sources of inequality in modern societies. In contrast to the second section these papers pay more attention to individual factors and the focus of the chapters is on aspects of health care providers. Research on providers of care is another long, important research tradition within medical sociology. Social Inequalities, Health and Health Care Delivery should be useful reading for medical sociologists and people working in other social science disciplines studying health-related issues. The volume also provides information for health services researchers, policy analysts and public health researchers.

Including the voices of key protagonists in the development of the public health workforce, this book is an important addition to the history of public health in England. It charts events leading to the unique achievement, from 2003, of specialist status, equivalent to public health medical consultants, for those from non-medical backgrounds. Setting these changes in context it discusses implications for practitioners and the wider UK public health workforce. A lively and comprehensive review of policy change, Multidisciplinary public health: Understanding the development of the modern workforce concludes with a reflection on the new public health system under way in England, making useful comparisons with the rest of the UK. This is an invaluable resource for anyone with an interest in public health, including public health academics and relevant postgraduate students.

The textbook provides insights and understanding on how companies and organizations are using advances in Information Technology to adapt to global pandemics such as COVID-19. The textbook explores how everything from data mining to cloud computing is used for strategic purposes including competitive advantages and decision making relating to global pandemics. Many organizations including governments' institutions and agencies continue to increase their financial investment in technology. Despite these huge investments, during the global pandemics, employees and managers are either struggling or not well equipped on how to effectively and efficiently use these tools for sustainability, competitive advantages, and decision makings. In addition, the textbook exposes managers, practitioners, students, and government officials to strategies to implement to gain knowledge and insights from data during global pandemics for competitive advantages and better decision making.