Computers have stretched the limits of what is possible in mathematics. More: they have given rise to new fields of mathematical study; the analysis of new and traditional algorithms, the creation of new paradigms for implementing computational methods, the viewing of old techniques from a concrete algorithmic vantage point, to name but a few. Computational Algebra and Number Theory lies at the lively intersection of computer science and mathematics. It highlights the surprising width and depth of the field through examples drawn from current activity, ranging from category theory, graph theory and combinatorics, to more classical computational areas, such as group theory and number theory. Many of the papers in the book provide a survey of their topic, as well as a description of present research. Throughout the variety of mathematical and computational fields represented, the emphasis is placed on the common principles and the methods employed. Audience: Students, experts, and those performing current research in any of the topics mentioned above.

Pencils of Cubics and Algebraic Curves in the Real Projective Plane thoroughly examines the combinatorial configurations of n generic points in RP(2). Especially how it is the data describing the mutual position of each point with respect to lines and conics passing through others. The first section in this book answers questions such as, can one count the combinatorial configurations up to the action of the symmetric group? How are they pairwise connected via almost generic configurations? These questions are addressed using rational cubics and pencils of cubics for n = 6 and 7. The book's second section deals with configurations of eight points in the convex position. Both the combinatorial configurations and combinatorial pencils are classified up to the action of the dihedral group D8. Finally, the third section contains plentiful applications and results around Hilbert's sixteenth problem. The author meticulously wrote this book based upon years of research devoted to the topic. The book is particularly useful for researchers and graduate students interested in topology, algebraic geometry and combinatorics. Features: Examines how the shape of pencils depends on the corresponding configurations of points Includes topology of real algebraic curves Contains numerous applications and results around Hilbert's sixteenth problem About the Author: Severine Fiedler-le Touze has published several papers on this topic and has been invited to present at many conferences. She holds a Ph.D. from University Rennes1 and was a post-doc at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, California.

This volume contains refereed papers related to the lectures and talks given at a conference held in Siena (Italy) in June 2004. Also included are research papers that grew out of discussions among the participants and their collaborators. All the papers are research papers, but some of them also contain expository sections which aim to update the state of the art on the classical subject of special projective varieties and their applications and new trends like phylogenetic algebraic geometry. The topic of secant varieties and the classification of defective varieties is central and ubiquitous in this volume. Besides the intrinsic interest of the subject, it turns out that it is also relevant in other fields of mathematics like expressions of polynomials as sums of powers, polynomial interpolation, rank tensor computations, Bayesian networks, algebraic statistics and number theory.

This problem-solving book is an introduction to the study of Diophantine equations, a class of equations in which only integer solutions are allowed. The presentation features some classical Diophantine equations, including linear, Pythagorean, and some higher degree equations, as well as exponential Diophantine equations. Many of the selected exercises and problems are original or are presented with original solutions. An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach is intended for undergraduates, advanced high school students and teachers, mathematical contest participants - including Olympiad and Putnam competitors - as well as readers interested in essential mathematics. The work uniquely presents unconventional and non-routine examples, ideas, and techniques.

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbanski, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Bostjan Gabrovsek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

The binomial transform is a discrete transformation of one sequence into another with many interesting applications in combinatorics and analysis. This volume is helpful to researchers interested in enumerative combinatorics, special numbers, and classical analysis. A valuable reference, it can also be used as lecture notes for a course in binomial identities, binomial transforms and Euler series transformations. The binomial transform leads to various combinatorial and analytical identities involving binomial coefficients. In particular, we present here new binomial identities for Bernoulli, Fibonacci, and harmonic numbers. Many interesting identities can be written as binomial transforms and vice versa.The volume consists of two parts. In the first part, we present the theory of the binomial transform for sequences with a sufficient prerequisite of classical numbers and polynomials. The first part provides theorems and tools which help to compute binomial transforms of different sequences and also to generate new binomial identities from the old. These theoretical tools (formulas and theorems) can also be used for summation of series and various numerical computations.In the second part, we have compiled a list of binomial transform formulas for easy reference. In the Appendix, we present the definition of the Stirling sequence transform and a short table of transformation formulas.

Gorenstein homological algebra is an important area of mathematics, with applications in commutative and noncommutative algebra, model category theory, representation theory, and algebraic geometry. While in classical homological algebra the existence of the projective, injective, and flat resolutions over arbitrary rings are well known, things are a little different when it comes to Gorenstein homological algebra. The main open problems in this area deal with the existence of the Gorenstein injective, Gorenstein projective, and Gorenstein flat resolutions. Gorenstein Homological Algebra is especially suitable for graduate students interested in homological algebra and its applications.

In 1963 a schoolboy browsing in his local library stumbled across the world's greatest mathematical problem: Fermat's Last Theorem, a puzzle that every child can understand but which has baffled mathematicians for over 300 years. Aged just ten, Andrew Wiles dreamed that he would crack it. Wiles's lifelong obsession with a seemingly simple challenge set by a long-dead Frenchman is an emotional tale of sacrifice and extraordinary determination. In the end, Wiles was forced to work in secrecy and isolation for seven years, harnessing all the power of modern maths to achieve his childhood dream. Many before him had tried and failed, including a 18-century philanderer who was killed in a duel. An 18-century Frenchwoman made a major breakthrough in solving the riddle, but she had to attend maths lectures at the Ecole Polytechnique disguised as a man since women were forbidden entry to the school. A remarkable story of human endeavour and intellectual brilliance over three centuries, Fermat's Last Theorem will fascinate both specialist and general readers.

From the reviews: "This is a very interesting book containing material for a comprehensive study of the cyclid homological theory of algebras, cyclic sets and S1-spaces. Lie algebras and algebraic K-theory and an introduction to Connes'work and recent results on the Novikov conjecture. The book requires a knowledge of homological algebra and Lie algebra theory as well as basic technics coming from algebraic topology. The bibliographic comments at the end of each chapter offer good suggestions for further reading and research. The book can be strongly recommended to anybody interested in noncommutative geometry, contemporary algebraic topology and related topics." European Mathematical Society Newsletter

In this second edition the authors have added a chapter 13 on MacLane (co)homology.

'Probably its most significant distinguishing feature is that this book is more algebraically oriented than most undergraduate number theory texts.'MAA ReviewsIntroduction to Number Theory is dedicated to concrete questions about integers, to place an emphasis on problem solving by students. When undertaking a first course in number theory, students enjoy actively engaging with the properties and relationships of numbers.The book begins with introductory material, including uniqueness of factorization of integers and polynomials. Subsequent topics explore quadratic reciprocity, Hensel's Lemma, p-adic powers series such as exp(px) and log(1+px), the Euclidean property of some quadratic rings, representation of integers as norms from quadratic rings, and Pell's equation via continued fractions.Throughout the five chapters and more than 100 exercises and solutions, readers gain the advantage of a number theory book that focuses on doing calculations. This textbook is a valuable resource for undergraduates or those with a background in university level mathematics.

The Whole Truth About Whole Numbers is an introduction to the field of Number Theory for students in non-math and non-science majors who have studied at least two years of high school algebra. Rather than giving brief introductions to a wide variety of topics, this book provides an in-depth introduction to the field of Number Theory. The topics covered are many of those included in an introductory Number Theory course for mathematics majors, but the presentation is carefully tailored to meet the needs of elementary education, liberal arts, and other non-mathematical majors. The text covers logic and proofs, as well as major concepts in Number Theory, and contains an abundance of worked examples and exercises to both clearly illustrate concepts and evaluate the students' mastery of the material.

The aim of the book is to give a smooth analytic continuation from basic subjects including linear algebra, group theory, Hilbert space theory, etc. to number theory. With plenty of practical examples and worked-out exercises, and the scope ranging from these basic subjects made applicable to number-theoretic settings to advanced number theory, this book can then be read without tears. It will be of immense help to the reader to acquire basic sound skills in number theory and its applications.Number theory used to be described as the queen of mathematics, that is, there is no practical use. However, with the development of computers and the security of internet communications, the importance of number theory has been exponentially increasing daily. The raison d'etre of the present book in this situation is that it is extremely reader-friendly while keeping the rigor of serious mathematics and in-depth analysis of practical applications to various subjects including control theory and pseudo-random number generation. The use of operators is prevailing rather abundantly in anticipation of applications to electrical engineering, allowing the reader to master these skills without much difficulty. It also delivers a very smooth bridging between elementary subjects including linear algebra and group theory (and algebraic number theory) for the reader to be well-versed in an efficient and effortless way. One of the main features of the book is that it gives several different approaches to the same topic, helping the reader to gain deeper insight and comprehension. Even just browsing through the materials would be beneficial to the reader.

This volume is the result of the author's many-years of research in this field. These results were presented in the author's two books, Introduction to the Algorithmic Measurement Theory (Moscow, Soviet Radio, 1977), and Codes of the Golden Proportion (Moscow, Radio and Communications, 1984), which had not been translated into English and are therefore not known to English-speaking audience. This volume sets forth new informational and arithmetical fundamentals of computer and measurement systems based on Fibonacci p-codes and codes of the golden p-proportions, and also on Bergman's system and 'golden' ternary mirror-symmetrical arithmetic. The book presents some new historical hypotheses concerning the origin of the Egyptian calendar and the Babylonian numeral system with base 60 (dodecahedral hypothesis), as well as about the origin of the Mayan's calendar and their numeral system with base 20 (icosahedral hypothesis). The book is intended for the college and university level. The book will also be of interest to all researchers, who use the golden ratio and Fibonacci numbers in their subject areas, and to all readers who are interested to the history of mathematics.

Paul Turan, one of the greatest Hungarian mathematicians, was born 100 years ago, on August 18, 1910. To celebrate this occasion the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Alfred Renyi Institute of Mathematics, the Janos Bolyai Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Institute of Eoetvoes Lorand University organized an international conference devoted to Paul Turan's main areas of interest: number theory, selected branches of analysis, and selected branches of combinatorics. The conference was held in Budapest, August 22-26, 2011. Some of the invited lectures reviewed different aspects of Paul Turan's work and influence. Most of the lectures allowed participants to report about their own work in the above mentioned areas of mathematics.

Based on the author's course for first-year graduate students this well-written text explains how the tools of algebraic geometry and of number theory can be applied to a study of curves. The book starts by introducing the essential background material and includes 600 exercises.

'The book is mainly addressed to the non-expert reader, in that it assumes only a little background in complex analysis and algebraic geometry, but no previous knowledge in transcendental number theory is required. The technical language is introduced smoothly, and illustrative examples are provided where appropriate ... The book is carefully written, and the relevant literature is provided in the list of references. 'Mathematical Reviews ClippingsThis book gives an introduction to some central results in transcendental number theory with application to periods and special values of modular and hypergeometric functions. It also includes related results on Calabi-Yau manifolds. Most of the material is based on the author's own research and appears for the first time in book form. It is presented with minimal of technical language and no background in number theory is needed. In addition, except the last chapter, all chapters include exercises suitable for graduate students. It is a nice book for graduate students and researchers interested in transcendence.

Exploring one of the most dynamic areas of mathematics, Advanced Number Theory with Applications covers a wide range of algebraic, analytic, combinatorial, cryptographic, and geometric aspects of number theory. Written by a recognized leader in algebra and number theory, the book includes a page reference for every citing in the bibliography and more than 1,500 entries in the index so that students can easily cross-reference and find the appropriate data. With numerous examples throughout, the text begins with coverage of algebraic number theory, binary quadratic forms, Diophantine approximation, arithmetic functions, p-adic analysis, Dirichlet characters, density, and primes in arithmetic progression. It then applies these tools to Diophantine equations, before developing elliptic curves and modular forms. The text also presents an overview of Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) and numerous consequences of the ABC conjecture, including Thue-Siegel-Roth theorem, Hall's conjecture, the Erdoes-Mollin--Walsh conjecture, and the Granville-Langevin Conjecture. In the appendix, the author reviews sieve methods, such as Eratothesenes', Selberg's, Linnik's, and Bombieri's sieves. He also discusses recent results on gaps between primes and the use of sieves in factoring. By focusing on salient techniques in number theory, this textbook provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive material for a second course in this field. It prepares students for future study at the graduate level.

Prime Numbers, Friends Who Give Problems is written as a trialogue, with two persons who are interested in prime numbers asking the author, Papa Paulo, intelligent questions. Starting at a very elementary level, the book advances steadily, covering all important topics of the theory of prime numbers, up to the most famous problems. The humorous conversations and the inclusion of a back-story add to the uniqueness of the book. Concepts and results are also explained with great care, making the book accessible to a wide audience.

Prime Numbers, Friends Who Give Problems is written as a trialogue, with two persons who are interested in prime numbers asking the author, Papa Paulo, intelligent questions. Starting at a very elementary level, the book advances steadily, covering all important topics of the theory of prime numbers, up to the most famous problems. The humorous conversations and the inclusion of a back-story add to the uniqueness of the book. Concepts and results are also explained with great care, making the book accessible to a wide audience.

The series is aimed specifically at publishing peer reviewed reviews and contributions presented at workshops and conferences. Each volume is associated with a particular conference, symposium or workshop. These events cover various topics within pure and applied mathematics and provide up-to-date coverage of new developments, methods and applications.

The aim of this book is to serve both as an introduction to profinite groups and as a reference for specialists in some areas of the theory. The book is reasonably self-contained. Profinite groups are Galois groups. As such they are of interest in algebraic number theory. Much of recent research on abstract infinite groups is related to profinite groups because residually finite groups are naturally embedded in a profinite group. In addition to basic facts about general profinite groups, the book emphasizes free constructions (particularly free profinite groups and the structure of their subgroups). Homology and cohomology is described with a minimum of prerequisites.

This second edition contains three new appendices dealing with a new characterization of free profinite groups, presentations of pro-p groups and a new conceptually simpler approach to the proof of some classical subgroup theorems. Throughout the text there are additions in the form of new results, improved proofs, typographical corrections, and an enlarged bibliography. The list of open questions has been updated; comments and references have been added about those previously open problems that have been solved after the first edition appeared.

This monograph provides a brief exposition of automorphic forms of weight 1 and their applications to arithmetic, especially to Galois representations. One of the outstanding problems in arithmetic is a generalization of class field theory to non-abelian Galois extension of number fields. In this volume, we discuss some relations between this problem and cusp forms of weight 1.

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the conference on Modelling and Optimization of Distributed Parameter Systems with Applications to Engineering, held in Warsaw on July 17-21, 1995. This conference was a consecutive one in the series of conferences sponsored by the IFIP Working Group WG 7.2 "Computational Techniques in Distributed Systems," chaired by Irena Lasiecka. It was organized by the Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and supported financially by the following institutions: -European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, -Fundacja Stefana Batorego, -International Mathematical Union, - Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. The following scientists took an active part in preparation of the scientific program of the conference, organizing or helping to organize special sessions: - E. Casas and I.Lasiecka (Optimization and Optimal ControQ, Z.Mr6z (Mechanical Applications), - M.Niezg6dka (Properties of Solutions to P.D.E.s), - L.Pandolfi (Hamilton and Riccati Equation Approaches to Optimization), - K.Sobczyk and J.Zabczyk (Stochastic Systems), - J.Sokolowski and J.-P.Zolesio (Shape Optimization), - J.Wa8niewski (Scientific Computation). In the conference participated 133 scientists from 22 countries. Ten invited plenary lectures and 103 contributed papers have been presented. This volume contains a part of the presented material. The core of it is constituted by papers devoted to control and optimization of distributed parameter systems. Other selection will be included in a special issue of the quarterly Control & Cybernetics to be published in 1996.

Natural numbers are the oldest human inventions. This volume describes their nature, laws, history and current status. The first five chapters contain not only the basics of elementary number theory for the convenience of teaching and continuity of reading, but also many latest research results. For the first time in history, the Chinese Remainder Theorem is renamed the Qin Jiushao Theorem to give him the full credit for his establishment of this famous theorem in number theory. Chapter 6 is about the fascinating congruence modulo an integer power, and Chapter 7 introduces a new problem extracted by the author from the classical problems of number theory, which is out of the combination of additive number theory and multiplicative number theory.In this volume, there is supplementary material after each section to broaden the reader's knowledge and imagination. It either discusses the rudiments of some aspects or introduces new topics, such as the perfect number problem, Goldbach's conjecture, the twin prime conjecture, the 3x + 1 problem, Waring's problem, Catalan's conjecture, Euler's conjecture, Fermat's Last Theorem, etc.Originally published in Chinese as in 2014, The Book of Numbers is written for anyone who loves natural numbers. The author is not only a mathematician, but also a literary and science writer, with more than 20 books published, many of which were translated into 20 languages.

The aim of this book is to give a systematic exposition of results in some important cases where p-adic families and p-adic L-functions are studied. We first look at p-adic families in the following cases: general linear groups, symplectic groups and definite unitary groups. We also look at applications of this theory to modularity lifting problems. We finally consider p-adic L-functions for GL(2), the p-adic adjoint L-functions and some cases of higher GL(n).